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Cosmological fine-tuning problem
The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. Measurements
Flatness_problem
Theory of rapid universe expansion
However, the flatness and especially the horizon problem are also solved by inflation theory. The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological
Cosmic_inflation
Physical theory of the cosmos
that it drives the geometry to flatness. The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is an observational problem associated with a FLRW. The
Big_Bang
Numerical observation in cosmology
contributions from matter and dark energy. Cosmological constant problem Flatness problem Fine-tuned universe O’Raifeartaigh, Cormac; O’Keeffe, Michael;
Cosmic_coincidence_problem
American theoretical physicist and cosmologist
attended a lecture by Robert Dicke about the flatness problem of the universe. Dicke explained how the flatness problem showed that something significant was
Alan_Guth
Geometric condition for workpieces and tools
manufacturing and mechanical engineering, flatness is an important geometric condition for workpieces and tools. Flatness is the condition of a surface or derived
Flatness_(manufacturing)
Archaic conception of Earth's shape
all fiery, ride the air because of their flatness". Xenophanes (c. 500 BC) thought that the Earth was flat, with its upper side touching the air, and
Flat_Earth
Cosmological fine-tuning problem
decoupling sufficiently to account for the observed isotropy of the CMB. Flatness problem Magnetic monopole Carrigan, Richard A.; Trower, W. Peter (1983). Magnetic
Horizon_problem
Cosmological model in which the observable universe is the interior of a black hole
the interior of a black hole might naturally solve the horizon problem and flatness problem in cosmology. Limiting curvature hypothesis, proposed by Valeri
Black_hole_cosmology
Increase in distance between parts of the universe
that the accelerated expansion would also solve the horizon problem and the flatness problem. Additionally, quantum fluctuations during inflation would
Expansion_of_the_universe
Theory or model concerning the origin of the universe
but not quite zero curvature seems unnatural, an issue called the flatness problem. Third, this extrapolation gives poor results when compared to measurements
Cosmogony
nonlinear system is flat, if and only if it is controllable, hence both flatness and controllability are interchangeable terms. The flatness property is useful
Flatness_(systems_theory)
Concept in physical cosmology
graceful exit problem using similar principles. Guth, Alan H. (1981). "Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems". Phys
Graceful_exit_problem
Cosmologist
paper that uses the anthropic principle to provide a solution to the flatness problem. Collins, C. B. (1971), "More qualitative cosmology", Communications
C._B._Collins
Adjustment of parameters to fit data in theoretical physics
a fine-tuning problem considered by the scientific community to have a plausible "natural" solution is the cosmological flatness problem, which is solved
Fine-tuning_(physics)
Lorentzian manifold where curvature vanishes at large distances
evaluate functions on a locus in order to verify asymptotic flatness. The notion of asymptotic flatness is extremely useful as a technical condition in the study
Asymptotically_flat_spacetime
American sci-fi television series
3 Body Problem is an American science fiction television series created by David Benioff, D. B. Weiss, and Alexander Woo. It is the third adaptation of
3_Body_Problem_(TV_series)
Hypothetical particle with one magnetic pole
Ehrenhaft Flatness problem Gauss's law for magnetism Ginzburg–Landau theory Halbach array Horizon problem Instanton Magnetic monopole problem Meron Soliton
Magnetic_monopole
YouTube channel
work has been received positively by critics, with Line Goes Up – The Problem with NFTs as a noted work. Scholar Christina Wurst labeled Folding Ideas
Folding_Ideas
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
see Linde 2006 More precisely, these are the flatness problem, the horizon problem, and the monopole problem; a pedagogical introduction can be found in
General_relativity
formally presents the Big Bang horizon problem. 1969 – Robert Dicke formally presents the Big Bang flatness problem. 1970 – Vera Rubin and Kent Ford measure
Timeline of cosmological theories
Timeline_of_cosmological_theories
Models of the universe which deviate from then-current scientific consensus
late 1970s when there were a number of unsolved problems, such as the horizon problem, the flatness problem, and the lack of magnetic monopoles, which challenged
Non-standard_cosmology
In algebra, the local criterion for flatness gives conditions one can check to show flatness of a module. Given a commutative ring A, an ideal I and an
Local_criterion_for_flatness
Hypothetical vacuum, less stable than true vacuum
"The Inflationary Universe: A Possible Solution to the Horizon and Flatness Problems". Physical Review D. 23 (2): 347–356. Bibcode:1981PhRvD..23..347G
False_vacuum
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Flash freezing Flash point Flat-field correction Flat lens Flat weighting Flatness (cosmology) Flatness (liquids) Flatness problem Flattening Flavor-changing
Index_of_physics_articles_(F)
Assignment of numbers to points in space
(1981). "Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems". Phys. Rev. D. 23 (2): 347–356. Bibcode:1981PhRvD..23..347G. doi:10
Scalar_field
Book by Fred Adams
transparent for the first time. The authors discuss the horizon and flatness problems. The Stelliferous Era, is defined as, "6 < n < 14". This is the current
The_Five_Ages_of_the_Universe
Foot arch deformity
where the sole of the foot is rigidly flat even when a person is not standing, often indicates a significant problem in the bones of the affected feet and
Flat_feet
Hypothetical invisible cosmic material
Unsolved problem in physics What is dark matter? How was it generated? More unsolved problems in physics In astronomy and cosmology, dark matter is an
Dark_matter
Flat surface used as a reference plane
to flatness, rubbing marking blue between pairs of plates to highlight imperfections, and of working plates in sets of three to guarantee flatness by
Surface_plate
Nonpertubative field theoretic approach to quantum gravity
early Universe, possibly leading to a resolution to the horizon and flatness problem of standard cosmology. Furthermore, asymptotic safety provides the
Physics applications of asymptotically safe gravity
Physics_applications_of_asymptotically_safe_gravity
combustion, Emmons problem describes the flame structure which develops inside the boundary layer, created by a flowing oxidizer stream on flat fuel (solid or
Emmons_problem
Dynamical realization of cosmic inflation
graceful exit problem of inflation. Guth, Alan H. (15 January 1981). "Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems". Physical
Warm_inflation
cosmology books C. B. Collins used the anthropic principle to solve the flatness problem Asantha Cooray (1973–) studied dark energy, halo models of large structure
List_of_cosmologists
Fission Fragment Nuclear Reactor Flame plasma Flare spray Flashtube Flatness problem Flowing-afterglow mass spectrometry Fluid dynamics Fluorescent lamp
List of plasma physics articles
List_of_plasma_physics_articles
Book by Brian Greene
Guth's inflationary cosmology, which also answers the horizon and flatness problems Greene discusses the cosmological constant, introduced to general
The_Fabric_of_the_Cosmos
Hypothetical inflationary universe model
(1981). "Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems". Phys. Rev. D. 23 (2): 347–356. Bibcode:1981PhRvD..23..347G. doi:10
Eternal_inflation
Any shape with straight sides can be cut from a single sheet of folded paper with one cut
need not be connected). The corresponding problem that the theorem solves is known as the fold-and-cut problem, which asks what shapes can be obtained by
Fold-and-cut_theorem
Philosophical study of being
for instance, that the entities in the collection touch one another. The problem of material constitution asks whether or in what sense a whole should be
Ontology
Construct all metric spaces where lines resemble those on a sphere
In mathematics, Hilbert's fourth problem in the 1900 list of Hilbert's problems is a foundational question in geometry. In one statement derived from the
Hilbert's_fourth_problem
Mechanism in physical cosmology
(1981). "Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems". Phys. Rev. D. 23 (2): 347–356. Bibcode:1981PhRvD..23..347G. doi:10
Kibble–Zurek_mechanism
Cosmological models involving indefinite, self-sustaining cycles
and serves the crucial role of solving the monopole, horizon, and flatness problems. Moreover, the cycles can continue indefinitely into the past and
Cyclic_model
Drink of espresso coffee with steamed milk
1985 saying "flat white only" during a seasonal problem with milk cows that prevented the milk frothing. However, the origins of the flat white are contentious
Flat_white
1834 solo piano work by Frédéric Chopin
Grande valse brillante, Op. 18 Performed by Olga Gurevich Problems playing this file? See media help. The Grande valse brillante in E♭ major, Op. 18, was
Grande valse brillante in E-flat major (Chopin)
Grande_valse_brillante_in_E-flat_major_(Chopin)
Hypothetical field that may have driven cosmic inflation
1981). "Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems". Physical Review D. 23 (2): 347–356. Bibcode:1981PhRvD..23..347G
Inflaton
Optimal control technique
combines the concept of differential flatness with pseudospectral optimal control to generate outputs in the so-called flat space. Because the differentiation
Flat_pseudospectral_method
National park in California, United States
acting superintendent. By the late 1890s, sheep grazing was no longer a problem, and the Army made other improvements. However, the cavalry could not intervene
Yosemite_National_Park
Calculating loan repayments based only on the amount initially loaned
educated people sometimes have trouble understanding this system. The problem is that the flat rate gives an impression of a lower rate than it actually is."
Flat_rate_(finance)
Theorem in differential geometry
called conformal flatness, although some authors refer to it instead as local conformal flatness; for those authors, conformal flatness refers to a more
Weyl–Schouten_theorem
Mathematical puzzle
puzzle came into my mind and I sketched it for him. Here it is. [...] The problem is to draw straight lines to connect these eggs in the smallest possible
Nine_dots_puzzle
Electronic display technology
continued problems and the system was never released commercially. Dennis Gabor, better known as the inventor of holography, patented a flat-screen CRT
Flat-panel_display
Composition for piano by Frédéric Chopin
Waltz in A♭ major, Op. 42 performed by Olga Gurevich Problems playing this file? See media help. Waltz in A♭ major, Op. 42, is a lively waltz composed
Waltz in A-flat major, Op. 42 (Chopin)
Waltz_in_A-flat_major,_Op._42_(Chopin)
Former apartment buildings in Dublin, Ireland
The Ballymun Flats referred to a number of flats—including the seven Ballymun High-tower blocks—in Ballymun, Dublin, Ireland. Built rapidly in the 1960s
Ballymun_Flats
Convex shape with one stable and one unstable position of equilibrium
World Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China. If analyzed quantitatively in terms of flatness and thickness, the discovered mono-monostatic bodies are the most sphere-like
Gömböc
Problems in reconstructing a historical and philosophical image of Socrates
In historical scholarship, the Socratic problem (also called Socratic question) concerns attempts at reconstructing a historical and philosophical image
Socratic_problem
Philosophical thought experiment
multiverse, Boltzmann brain arguments are part of the unsolved measure problem of cosmology. In 1896, the mathematician Ernst Zermelo advanced a theory
Boltzmann_brain
Piston engine with two cylinders in opposing directions
with integral kick-starter, which posed a design problem for motorcycles with transversely-mounted flat-twin engines. This gearbox could be relatively easily
Flat-twin_engine
Horizontally opposed 6-cylinder piston engine
valve-gear). 1967 Porsche 911R 2006 Porsche Cayman S Problems playing these files? See media help. The flat-six engine is often associated with the Porsche
Flat-six_engine
Allegro Performed on a lautenwerck (lute-harpsichord) by Martha Goldstein Problems playing these files? See media help. The Prelude is similar to many in
Prelude, Fugue and Allegro in E-flat major, BWV 998
Prelude,_Fugue_and_Allegro_in_E-flat_major,_BWV_998
Establishment that illegally sells alcoholic beverages, or retro-style bars
A speakeasy, also called a beer flat, blind pig, or blind tiger, was an illicit establishment that sold alcoholic beverages. The term may also refer to
Speakeasy
Greek philosopher (c. 470–399 BC)
of his philosophy nearly impossible, a situation known as the Socratic problem. Socrates was a polarizing figure in Athenian society. In 399 BC, he was
Socrates
a flat plate is a classical fluid dynamics problem. There is no exact solution to it. When a fluid flow at the speed of sound over a thin sharp flat plate
Supersonic flow over a flat plate
Supersonic_flow_over_a_flat_plate
Surface of a fluid that is subject to zero parallel shear stress
density so the oil has neutral buoyancy. Flatness refers to the shape of a liquid's free surface. On Earth, the flatness of a liquid is a function of the curvature
Free_surface
Mathematical problem in operations research
In operations research, the cutting-stock problem is the problem of cutting standard-sized pieces of stock material, such as paper rolls or sheet metal
Cutting_stock_problem
3rd episode of the 4th series of Sherlock
"The Final Problem" is the third episode of the fourth series of the British television series Sherlock, and the thirteenth episode overall. The episode
The_Final_Problem_(Sherlock)
Statement of infinite regress
expression of the problem of infinite regress. The saying alludes to the mythological idea of a World Turtle that supports a flat Earth on its back.
Turtles_all_the_way_down
Electric pickup truck
criticized for its production quality issues, unusual appearance, and safety problems, and its sales have been described as disappointing. Tesla CEO Elon Musk's
Tesla_Cybertruck
Self-contained housing unit occupying part of a building
households. Also, even the same type of flat in the same complex is not all of the same price. Due to problems such as the right to sunlight and prospects
Apartment
Anti-scientific belief
, basketball players Kyrie Irving and Wilson Chandler) advocating for flatness. In the Information Age, the availability of communications technology
Modern_flat_Earth_beliefs
Menuetto: Allegretto – Trio IV. Allegro moderato Performed by Paul Pitman Problems playing these files? See media help. The sonata has four movements: Allegro
Piano Sonata in E-flat major, D 568 (Schubert)
Piano_Sonata_in_E-flat_major,_D_568_(Schubert)
Coastal wetlands where sediments have been deposited by tides or rivers
Mudflats or mud flats, also known as tidal flats or, in Ireland, slob or slobs, are coastal wetlands that form in intertidal areas where sediments have
Mudflat
Branch of physics that studies mathematical models of the universe
have not been found. These problems are resolved by a brief period of cosmic inflation, which drives the universe to flatness, smooths out anisotropies
Physical_cosmology
Type of living in Russia
people...<>...In general, reminiscent of the former ones ... the housing problem has only corrupted them." In the 1965 American film, Doctor Zhivago, there
Communal_apartment
Minimalist design style for user interface and objects
2022. "Why the Flat Design Trend is Hurting Usability". Vandelay Design. April 7, 2015. Retrieved July 6, 2017. "The Problem With Flat Design, According
Flat_design
On linear differential equations with certain properties
The twenty-first problem of the 23 Hilbert problems, from the celebrated list put forth in 1900 by David Hilbert, concerns the existence of a certain class
Hilbert's twenty-first problem
Hilbert's_twenty-first_problem
1988 American science-fiction action film
"Since Mr. Carpenter seems to be trying to make a real point here, the flatness of They Live is doubly disappointing. So is its crazy inconsistency, since
They_Live
Basic unit of taxonomic classification, below genus
If species were fixed and distinct from one another, there would be no problem, but evolutionary processes cause species to change. This obliges taxonomists
Species
Fault in railroad wheel shape
Maintenance". ECHOcommunity. Retrieved 2023-08-28. "What flat spots can mean and why they are a problem". autocra. 2016-10-14. Retrieved 2023-08-28. "Glossary"
Flat_spot
Mathematical optimization problem restricted to integers
An integer programming, also known as integer optimization, problem is a mathematical optimization or feasibility program in which some or all of the
Integer_programming
Type of signal processing filter
derivative are zero at ω = 0 {\displaystyle \omega =0} , resulting in "maximal flatness". If the requirement to be monotonic is limited to the passband only and
Butterworth_filter
Quantity of a three-dimensional space
Mesopotamia as mathematical problems, approximating volume of simple shapes such as cuboids, cylinders, frustum and cones. These math problems have been written
Volume
Overview of podiatry in children
many changes and variations to foot appearance. It is important that foot problems are differentiated from growing trends, that foot pain is well diagnosed
Pediatric_podiatry
Motor racing event
dominated the grid; all but one of these cars retired with mechanical problems, including Italian Riccardo Patrese who had a spectacular accident at the
Austrian_Grand_Prix
2013 biographical sports film directed by Ron Howard
better. After facing stiff competition under grueling conditions, tyre problems, and a hand injury due to his gear shifter breaking, Hunt finishes third
Rush_(2013_film)
Relation between sides of a right triangle
includes a problem involving two squares whose areas sum to a third square, whose solution is the Pythagorean triple 6:8:10, but the problem does not mention
Pythagorean_theorem
Type of window covering
areas where moisture or direct contact with water is likely to cause a problem, such as bathrooms and kitchens. These blinds are often available with
Window_blind
Ecossaise in E-flat A piano solo by Ludwig van Beethoven played in the key of E♭ major. Problems playing this file? See media help. E-flat major E♭ A list
List_of_E-flat_instruments
Built-up or elevated part of footwear that supports the heel of the wearer
"gentleman's corner". This piece of design is intended to alleviate the problem of the points catching the bottom of trousers and was first observed in
Shoe_heel
2018 poisoning in Amesbury, England
weekend of 18/19 August 2018, he was re-admitted to hospital with sight problems. On 4 September 2018 he was reported to be ill with meningitis but was
2018_Amesbury_poisonings
Serenade for winds by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Finale. Molto allegro Performed by the United States Marine Band, 2021 Problems playing these files? See media help. The serenade is in seven movements
Serenade_No._10_(Mozart)
American promoter of the flat Earth conspiracy theory
is one of the leading proponents of, and recruiters for, the discredited flat Earth conspiracy theory in the United States. According to critics, his YouTube
Mark Sargent (flat Earth proponent)
Mark_Sargent_(flat_Earth_proponent)
Polynomial equation whose integer solutions are sought
was an achievement of the twentieth century. However, Hilbert's tenth problem shows that there cannot exist a general algorithm that can decide whether
Diophantine_equation
Mexican breed of dog
1–8. Chihuahua (long and smooth coat): Hydrocephalus. Genetic Welfare Problems of Companion Animals. Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire: The International
Chihuahua_(dog_breed)
2003 drama film directed by Gus Van Sant
the phrase "elephant in the room" (the collective denial of some obvious problem). Also, Gus Van Sant named Chantal Akerman's film Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai
Elephant_(2003_film)
Internet advertising model
they have to work with — low-traffic ads can lead to a scarcity of data problem that renders many bid management tools useless at worst, or inefficient
Pay-per-click
Association football tournament
2025-05-21. Retrieved 2025-06-29. "The Concacaf Gold Cup's Big-Picture Prestige Problem—and a Potential Solution". Archived from the original on 2013-08-19. Retrieved
CONCACAF_Gold_Cup
Three genetic disorders involving benign tumors of the nervous system
prevention or cure. Surgery may be done to remove tumors that are causing problems or have become cancerous. Radiation and chemotherapy may also be used if
Neurofibromatosis
1, could imitate any conceivable process of mathematical reasoning or problem solving. The key insight was the Turing machine—a simple theoretical construct
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
Mathematical model of the Big Bang
synthesized baryons. This issue is known as the problem of the "missing baryons". The missing baryon problem is claimed to be resolved. Using observations
Lambda-CDM_model
FLATNESS PROBLEM
FLATNESS PROBLEM
Female
Danish
, gladness.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Milk, fatness.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Fitness
Biblical
fatness; ashes
Girl/Female
Muslim
Delicacy. Neatness.
Girl/Female
Indian
Fitness
Boy/Male
Indian
Gladness
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Gladness; Joy
Biblical
Helbon, milk, fatness
Boy/Male
Biblical Hebrew
Fatness, ashes.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Flawless
Girl/Female
Biblical
Milk, fatness.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Gladness
Girl/Female
German, Greek, Italian, Latin
Joy; Gladness
Boy/Male
Muslim
Gladness
Girl/Female
British, English, Latin
Joy; Gladness
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Indian, Tamil
Flawless
Girl/Female
Arabic
Delicacy; Neatness
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of or patronymic from Flather, a metonymic occupational name for a maker of flathes or flawns, a type of pancake or custard, Middle English flather, flathir.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Saumanasya | ஸௌமாஂநாஸà¯à®¯à®¾
Gladness
FLATNESS PROBLEM
FLATNESS PROBLEM
Girl/Female
Hindu
All peace, Name of a star
Girl/Female
Arabic
Good Straight Path
Girl/Female
British, Christian, English, Greek
Good
Boy/Male
Tamil
Vishlesh | விஷà¯à®²à¯‡à®·
Another name for Shiva
Girl/Female
Latin
Invoked to ward off enemies.
Girl/Female
Greek
Goddess of irrationality.
Boy/Male
Australian, Celtic, French
Fighter
Boy/Male
Greek, Indian, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Spanish
Illusion
Male
French
Low German form of Germanic Landebert, LAMMERT means "land-bright." In use by the Dutch and French.
Boy/Male
Scottish American
Winding Valley. Form of Camden.
FLATNESS PROBLEM
FLATNESS PROBLEM
FLATNESS PROBLEM
FLATNESS PROBLEM
FLATNESS PROBLEM
n.
Swiftness; rapidity; velocity; celerity; speed; as, the fleetness of a horse or of time.
n.
Fatness; a growing fat; obesity.
n.
Fitness or appropriateness; striking suitableness; convenience.
n.
The quality or state of being fat, plump, or full-fed; corpulency; fullness of flesh.
n.
Skill; adroitness.
n.
The quality or state of being salt, or state of being salt, or impregnated with salt; salt taste; as, the saltness of sea water.
n.
Joy; gladness; delight.
n.
The quality or state of being flat.
n.
Want of variety or flavor; dullness; insipidity.
n.
Fitness.
n.
Depression of tone; the state of being below the true pitch; -- opposed to sharpness or acuteness.
n.
Want of vivacity or spirit; prostration; dejection; depression.
a.
Somewhat fat; inclined to fatness.
n.
Flatness.
n.
The state or quality of being fit; as, the fitness of measures or laws; a person's fitness for office.
n.
That which makes fat or fertile.
n.
Eveness of surface; want of relief or prominence; the state of being plane or level.
n.
Hence; Richness; fertility; fruitfulness.
n.
Excessive fatness; fleshiness; obesity.
n.
The state, condition, or quality, of being late; as, the lateness of his arrival; the lateness of the hour; the lateness of the season.