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A fiscal adjustment is a reduction in the government primary budget deficit, and it can result from a reduction in government expenditures, an increase
Fiscal_adjustment
Use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence a country's economy
include an adjustment for business cycles. The impact of fiscal policy is primarily talked about in the context of developed economies. However, fiscal policy
Fiscal_policy
Financial plan where revenues equal expenses
provide fiscal stimulus in lean times, while budget surpluses provide restraint in boom times. Keynesian economics does not advocate for fiscal stimulus
Balanced_budget
Difference between revenues and spending
to as the general government balance, public budget balance, or public fiscal balance, is the difference between government revenues and spending. For
Government_budget_balance
Topics referred to by the same term
development Fiscal policy debate Fiscal adjustment, a reduction in the government primary budget deficit Fiscal agent, a proxy that manages fiscal matters
Fiscal
Failure to accurately perceive the amount of government expenditure
public choice theory, fiscal illusion is a failure to accurately perceive the amount of government expenditure. The theory of fiscal illusion was first developed
Fiscal_illusion
State-owned investment fund
nation's banking system; this type of fund is usually of major economic and fiscal importance. Other sovereign wealth funds are simply the state savings that
Sovereign_wealth_fund
IMF and World Bank loans to countries in crisis
Structural adjustment programs (SAPs) consist of loans (structural adjustment loans; SALs) provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World
Structural_adjustment
Monetary policy tool
owner-occupied housing. The central bank is modeled as adding an imputed-tax adjustment term to its large-scale asset purchase rule. In the two-period household
Quantitative_easing
The size of the required adjustment is given with measures such as the Fiscal gap. In empirical works, weak and strong fiscal sustainability are distinguished
Fiscal_sustainability
Monetary policy tool
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Yield_curve_control
One-year term for government and business financial reporting
A fiscal year (also known as a financial year, or sometimes budget year) is a one-year time interval whose beginning and end may be shifted with respect
Fiscal_year
Economic policies intended to reduce government budget deficits
job prospects. So fiscal adjustment must resolve the conundrum of being neither too fast nor too slow. Shaping a Goldilocks fiscal consolidation is all
Austerity
The European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund
each case, see Economic Adjustment Programme for Cyprus First Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece Second Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece Third
Troika_(European_group)
Ratio of change in national income arising from a change in government spending
monetary policy constrained by the zero lower bound, and synchronized fiscal adjustment across numerous economies, multipliers may be well above 1. This admission
Fiscal_multiplier
Securities held by governments
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Intragovernmental_holdings
Commercial banks' holdings deposited in central banks
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Bank_reserves
Government attempts to run a budget in equity or in surplus
is to reduce the public debt. It is not the same as a fiscal policy, which deals with the fiscal stimulus to the economy, the repartition of taxes and
Budgetary_policy
Sovereign debt crisis faced by Greece (2009–2018)
"Cyclical adjustment of Budget Balances – spring 2014" (PDF). European Commission. 7 May 2014. "Fiscal balances 1970–2015: A1 – Cyclically adjusted net lending
Greek_government-debt_crisis
Term used to describe people by their preferred approach to monetary policy
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Monetary_hawk_and_dove
comes after a decade of negative or low growth and is attributed to fiscal adjustment aimed at improving public financing, reforms in port management and
Economy_of_Djibouti
Type of government spending
implemented through an appropriations bill. This spending is an optional part of fiscal policy, in contrast to social programs for which funding is mandatory and
Discretionary_spending
Person or organization subject to pay a tax
Willmott, Kyle. "Taxes, taxpayers, and settler colonialism: Toward a critical fiscal sociology of tax as white property." Law & Society Review 56.1 (2022): 6-27
Taxpayer
Debt owed by the government sector in Canada
(central), plus provincial, territorial and local governments – in the fiscal year 2024/25 (which ended 31 March 2025). As a ratio of GDP, gross debt
Canadian_public_debt
Aspect of monetary policy
Fiscal dominance is a macroeconomic condition in which government fiscal pressures (high public debt and deficits) effectively dictate or constrain a country’s
Fiscal_dominance
Index of politics with the same name
a ministry or other government agency in charge of government finance, fiscal policy, and financial regulation. It is headed by a finance minister, an
Ministry_of_finance
a package of economically heterodox measures that foresaw little fiscal adjustment. The IMF refused to resume lending to Argentina. Six months after
Economic_history_of_Argentina
Spending in excess of revenue
deficit spending is desirable and necessary as part of countercyclical fiscal policy, but that there should not be a structural deficit (i.e., permanent
Deficit_spending
Economic policies of US President Bill Clinton
economy expanded greatly; the fiscal adjustment helped bring the United States federal budget into surplus from fiscal years 1998 to 2001, the only surplus
Rubinomics
French economist and professor (born 1948)
larger than those assumed by the IMF and the EU commission, and that fiscal adjustment should be slower. This led to a reassessment of IMF advice. Blanchard
Olivier_Blanchard
following slow growth and domestic fiscal adjustment in the early years of the decade. Despite an expansionary fiscal policy, the public debt remained moderate
Economy_of_Grenada
Monetary authority to maintain a fixed exchange rate
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Currency_board
Budget of the Russian federal government
the budget system of Russia. It is a major state financial plan for the fiscal year, which has the force of law after its approval by the Russian parliament
Federal_budget_of_Russia
How the state collects money
components of the government budget and important tools of the government's fiscal policy. The collection of revenue is the most basic task of a government
Government_revenue
Debt secured without personal liability
disposition, (2) the amount of nonrecourse debt, and (3) the amount of adjusted basis in the property is fairly complex. The tax consequences of a disposition
Nonrecourse_debt
Measure of money supply
multiplier, the monetary base can be thought of as high powered because of the fiscal multiplier instead. Monetary policy is generally presumed to be the policy
Monetary_base
Constitutional provision
states that each year, the budget must be in balance, adjusted for economic conditions. This adjustment is made by multiplying expenditures by a cyclical
Balanced_budget_amendment
Instrument of monetary policy
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Negative interest on excess reserves
Negative_interest_on_excess_reserves
Ghanaian politician
from strict fiscal consolidation to a growth-focused agenda. He explained that the country has undergone 18 months of fiscal adjustment measures, with
Cassiel_Ato_Forson
Government strategy promoting industrial development
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Industrial_policy
Lebanese-American economist
entitlement restructuring and broadening the tax base, citing Sweden's fiscal adjustment in the 1990s as an example. He has written about the solutions to
Pierre_Yared
Economic theory by Adolph Wagner
1023/A:1005032817804. Wagner, Richard E.; Weber, Warren E. (March 1977). "Wagner's Law, Fiscal Institutions, and the Growth of Government". National Tax Journal. 30 (1):
Wagner's_law
Actions that governments take in the economic field
into the economy) or contractionary (in surplus, withdrawing it). Fiscal adjustment occurs through automatic stabilizers, with tax revenues falling and
Economic_policy
Crisis that began during the presidency of Dilma Rousseff
reverse the deterioration in public accounts due to falling revenue, a fiscal adjustment was implemented in 2014, which included highly recessive policies
2014 Brazilian economic crisis
2014_Brazilian_economic_crisis
Government guarantee to provide liquidity to financial institutions
money supply could reduce the level of economic activity. If prices did not adjust quickly, it would lead to unemployment and a reduction in output. By keeping
Lender_of_last_resort
Romanian politician
formula to lead the Romanian economy towards a path of sustainable fiscal adjustment. The new minister starts in full force the activity within the Ministry
Alexandru_Nazare
Type of government regulation or law
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Investment_policy
implementation of the expenditure rule as a means to achieve fiscal adjustment and restore fiscal sustainability at the federal level, through a reduction
Brazil_and_the_World_Bank
How a government collects money other than through compulsory levies
Adriana (7 June 2018). "Non-tax revenue in the European Union: A source of fiscal risk?". Policy Watch. 26: 198–223. Ossowski, Rolando; Gonzáles, Alberto
Non-tax_revenue
include cost of living, inflation, unemployment and health care. Iran's fiscal year (FY) goes from 21 to 20 March of the following year. Iran has two types
Politics_of_Iran
Movements to amend the financial system
political pressures The need for alternative monetary frameworks The role of fiscal-monetary coordination Monetary reform advocates often cite financial instability
Monetary_reform
Currency of Ireland before 2002
entailed at a time of rapidly growing unemployment associated with the fiscal adjustment of those years". "Encyclopedia of Irish History and Culture", Vol
Irish_pound
Component of a country's total national debt which is owed to lenders within that country
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Internal_debt
Economic system
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Free_banking
36th President of Uruguay (1990–1995)
economic policy in line with the Washington Consensus. He carried out a fiscal adjustment and a reform to state-owned companies to deregulate them. This earned
Luis_Alberto_Lacalle
A border-adjustment tax (also known as a border-adjusted tax, destination tax, destination-based cash flow tax or a border tax adjustment) is a tax on
Border-adjustment_tax
Other types of trade barriers
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Non-tariff_barriers_to_trade
Budget of the U.S. federal government
job prospects. So fiscal adjustment must resolve the conundrum of being neither too fast nor too slow. Shaping a Goldilocks fiscal consolidation is all
United_States_federal_budget
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Impact_fee
into twelve Federal Reserve districts. The Federal Reserve Banks act as fiscal agents for the U.S. Treasury, and each has its own nine-member board of
Structure of the Federal Reserve System
Structure_of_the_Federal_Reserve_System
Study of the role of government within the economy
of strategies, including: Policy evaluation and adjustment: Evaluation of the influence behind fiscal policies on the different demographic groups. Implemented
Public_finance
Government's policy governing international trade
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Commercial_policy
Method of measuring the fiscal burdens facing current and future generations
immediate and permanent fiscal adjustment equal to 12 percent of GDP would be required to eliminate the fiscal gap. Fiscal gap and generational accounting
Generational_accounting
Government body that manages currency and monetary policy
governors' discourse or the premises of macroeconomic policies (monetary and fiscal policy) of the state, are a focus of contention and criticism by some policymakers
Central_bank
Type of government bond jointly issued by eurozone countries
as Italy, Greece, and Portugal) would have a strong incentive for fiscal adjustment. On 21 November 2011 the European Commission suggested European bonds
Eurobond_(eurozone)
Economic philosophy and theory
Fiscalism is a term sometimes used to refer the economic theory that the government should rely on fiscal policy as the main instrument of macroeconomic
Fiscalism
Protective measures against hazardous materials warfare
fronteiras com o Paraguai e a Colômbia" [DOSSIER Impact of the Fiscal Adjustment at the BMC: Marines will take 15 years (or more) to active battalions
CBRN_defense
Intergovernmental treaty
States with a fiscal balance not yet at their MTO, are required to ensure rapid convergence towards it, with the timeframe for this "adjustment path" being
European_Fiscal_Compact
Income collected by governments via tax
tax. Per capita income (PCI) is the most often used measure of relative fiscal capacity. But this measure fails to base tax capacity computation on other
Tax_revenue
Government consumptions, investments, and transfer payments
money borrowed. Changes in government spending are a major component of fiscal policy used to stabilize the macroeconomic business cycle. Public expenditure
Government_spending
Main European Union fiscal agreement
an annual positive fiscal adjustment for the Structural Primary Balance of at least 0.4% of GDP (or 0.25% in case the adjustment period and plan is extended
Stability_and_Growth_Pact
Central bank of Hungary
policy, but central bank leaders criticized this plan, saying that the fiscal austerity requirements would slow growth. In December 2011 two of the three
Hungarian_National_Bank
Tax in the Roman Empire
Anastasius I throughout the Eastern Roman Empire in the year 498 as part of his fiscal and monetary reforms. In the Italian peninsula, then ruled by the Ostrogoths
Collatio_lustralis
Political and economic philosophy
political theory, fiscal conservatism or economic conservatism is a political and economic philosophy regarding fiscal policy and fiscal responsibility with
Fiscal_conservatism
Method to record government financial activities
accounting provides a less accurate measure of the government's borrowing and fiscal stimulus to the economy compared to a cash-accounting deficit/surplus; and
Accrual accounting in the public sector
Accrual_accounting_in_the_public_sector
Political phrase
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Taxpayers'_money
Government spending on certain programs that are required by law
spending, and interest on debt. Also known as entitlement spending, in US fiscal policy, mandatory spending is government spending on certain programs that
Mandatory_spending
Political philosophy
Lists: List of countries by income equality List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI Opposite tendencies: Accumulation by dispossession Primitive accumulation
Redistribution of income and wealth
Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth
Proposed unconventional monetary policy in international climate policy
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Carbon_quantitative_easing
Views of the incumbent president of Argentina
Fernández. He cites their excessive government spending and lack of fiscal adjustment as major concerns. Milei has criticized the Central Bank of Argentina
Political positions of Javier Milei
Political_positions_of_Javier_Milei
Brazilian presidential administration from 2011 to 2016
economy growing again. In his first two months in office, Levy adopted fiscal adjustment measures, such as MPs 664 and 665, which modify the rules for granting
Presidency_of_Dilma_Rousseff
Laws relating to domestic agriculture and foreign-imported agricultural products
roads and telecommunication systems, land reform, power in rural areas, fiscal support for research and development, pricing policies, assistance for new
Agricultural_policy
Policy of interest rates or money supply
exchange rates and prices of financial assets. This is in contrast to fiscal policy, which relies on changes in taxation and government spending as methods
Monetary_policy
Social issue in Ireland
2008 has had profound social impacts, exacerbated by the subsequent fiscal adjustment [..] there are now just under 100,000 people on local-authority housing
Homelessness_in_Ireland
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Criticism of the Federal Reserve
Criticism_of_the_Federal_Reserve
Combination of a country's monetary and fiscal policy
The policy mix is the combination of a country's monetary policy and fiscal policy. These two channels influence features such as economic growth and employment
Policy_mix
Argentine economist
from the Senate and closed his consultancy. Dujovne faced a deep fiscal adjustment promoted by Macri and deepened by the International Monetary Fund
Nicolás_Dujovne
Total amount of debt owed to lenders by a government/state
government revenue flows. Taking debt can allow governments to conduct fiscal policy more effectively, avoid tax increases, and making investments with
Government_debt
American economist (born 1949)
"[...] no financial crisis [is] so deep that a sufficiently large fiscal adjustment cannot deal with it." He stated that the recent recession could have
Warren_Mosler
Total value of money available in an economy at a specific point in time
generally do not try to control the money supply. Instead they focus on adjusting interest rates, in developed countries normally as part of a direct inflation
Money_supply
leader may never provide comprehensive economic rationale for his particular fiscal policy actions. The cost of the benefits is merely shifted to a discriminated
Equity_of_condition
Holding company
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Urban_wealth_fund
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Implied level of government service
Implied_level_of_government_service
Economic transaction that advances the economic interests of both parties
agents of the citizen—government legislators and administrators—implement fiscal policy where tax assessment to the citizen is related, substantially, to
Rational_economic_exchange
Trend of U.S. firms fleeing Delaware
comprising over 60% of expenditures—potentially leading to future fiscal adjustments if unchecked. Corporate law in the United States Delaware General
Delaware_corporate_exodus
Balanced budget amendment Economic growth Fiscal illusion Price stability Wagner's law Reform Fiscal adjustment Monetary reform Economics portal Politics
Efficiency_dividend
investors will not be satisfied until the government begins to address fiscal adjustment, wage restraint, and payment of debt arrears. Despite the fact that
Economy_of_Moldova
Dutch politician and economist (born 1966)
interests. Critics argued that the creditor programme went beyond fiscal adjustment by requiring the disposal of strategic Greek public assets, weakening
Jeroen_Dijsselbloem
Vietnamese market reforms beginning in late 1986
tax deductions to spur both domestic and foreign investment. These fiscal adjustments included the introduction of user fees for public services in 1989
Đổi_Mới
2013 tax increase and spending decrease
The United States fiscal cliff refers to the combined effect of several previously-enacted laws that came into effect simultaneously in January 2013, increasing
United_States_fiscal_cliff
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