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Membrane-bound extracellular vesicles
Exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nanometers, are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are produced in the endosomal compartment of
Exosome_(vesicle)
Topics referred to by the same term
Exosome may refer to: Exosome complex, an intracellular macromolecular protein complex involved in RNA degradation Exosome (vesicle), an extracellular
Exosome
Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by a membrane
"exophers," released by nematode neurons and mouse cardiomyocytes. Exosomes: membranous vesicles of endocytic origin (30-100 nm diameter). Different types of
Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
Vesicle_(biology_and_chemistry)
Vesicles found outside cells
manuscript, such as "shedding vesicles," "membrane fragments," "plasma membrane vesicles," "micro-vesicles/microvesicles," "exosomes," (previously used for mobile
Extracellular_vesicle
Type of extracellular vesicle
exocytosis, exosomes are initially formed by endocytosis. Exosomes are formed by invagination within a cell to create an intracellular vesicle called an
Microvesicle
Spreading of a disease inside a body
suggests that the co-option of intercellular cross-talk mediated by exosome vesicles is a critical factor involved in all steps of the invasion-metastasis
Metastasis
Neurodegenerative disease caused by head injury
gait problems (problems with walking) seem to be early signs of CTEM. Exosome vesicles created by the brain are potential biomarkers of TBI, including CTE
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Chronic_traumatic_encephalopathy
Vesicles engineered for medical purposes
Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by cells that play a crucial role in intercellular communication. They contain a variety of biomolecules, including
Synthetic_exosome
Vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered
plasma membrane instead of with lysosomes, releasing the lumenal vesicles, now called exosomes, into the extracellular medium. There is no consensus as to
Endosome
Academic journal
bilayer-delimited particles known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are released from cells and include endosome-origin exosomes and plasma membrane-derived ectosomes/microvesicles
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
Journal_of_Extracellular_Vesicles
multivesicular endosomes and get secreted subsequently as exosomes. All these types (1–4) of modes of membrane vesicle trafficking, taking place in eukaryotic cells
Membrane_vesicle_trafficking
Protein found in humans
Exosome component 10, also known as EXOSC10, is a human gene, the protein product of which (sometimes called PM/Scl-100) is part of the exosome complex
Exosome_component_10
endo-ribonuclease, it uses RNase Y or RNase J or in the archaea is used an exosome (vesicle) to this job. The degradosome, which is dynamic in conformation, variable
Degradosome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Exosome component 9, also known as EXOSC9, is a human gene, the protein product of which (sometimes called RRP45 or PM/Scl-75) is part of the exosome
Exosome_component_9
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Exosome component 4, also known as EXOSC4, is a human gene, which is part of the exosome complex. Exosome component 4 has been shown to interact with
Exosome_component_4
manually curated database of exosomal proteins, RNA and lipids. Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that are present in many and perhaps all biological fluids
ExoCarta
enzyme TACE or through exocytosis of the full-length receptor in exosome-like vesicles. Elevated levels of sTNFR are seen in inflammatory processes such
STNFR
Microscopy methods
to investigate nanoparticles such as viruses, proteins, lipid vesicles, DNA, exosomes, metal nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots, charge carriers
Interferometric scattering microscopy
Interferometric_scattering_microscopy
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Exosome component 7, also known as EXOSC7, is a human gene, the protein product of which is part of the exosome complex. Exosome component 7 has been shown
Exosome_component_7
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP-7), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP7 gene also known as the SYBL1 gene. VAMP-7 is a transmembrane
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7
Vesicle-associated_membrane_protein_7
Protein-coding gene in humans
binding molecular function Cellular component cytoplasm extracellular exosome vesicle Biological process biological process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs
GIPC2
Extracellular Vesicles Conference GRC". Gordon Research Conferences. "CSH Asia 2016 Conference on Biology & Function of Extracellular Vesicles: Exosomes, Microvesicles
International Society for Extracellular Vesicles
International_Society_for_Extracellular_Vesicles
Controlled release of substances by cells or tissues
through membrane transport proteins blebbing lysosomal secretion release via exosomes derived from multivesicular bodies In addition, proteins can be released
Secretion
Human protein-encoding gene
role in many cellular processes including exosome biogenesis. CD9 is commonly used as a marker for exosomes as it is contained on their surface. However
CD9
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Exosome RNA helicase MTR4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MTREX gene (previously SKIV2L2). As an RNA helicase, the protein MTR4 participates
Exosome_RNA_helicase_MTR4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAMP8 gene. Synaptobrevins/VAMPs, syntaxins, and the 25-kD synaptosomal-associated
Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8
Vesicle-associated_membrane_protein_8
Protein-coding gene in humans
integral membrane protein. Portions of the membrane are secreted as exosome vesicles. Secretion in this manner is an apocrine secretion in which apical
ADAM7
Protein-coding gene in humans
membrane cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane membrane coat extracellular exosome vesicle midbody nuclear envelope nucleus Biological process negative regulation
CHMP4B
tumors. They are also expressed highly in trophoblast-derived vesicles, including exosomes. C19MC miRNAs have been shown to be among the most expressed
C19MC_miRNA_cluster
(February 2009). "Structural heterogeneity and protein composition of exosome-like vesicles (prostasomes) in human semen". The Prostate. 69 (2): 159–67. doi:10
Prostasomes
Heijnen, H.F.; Stoorvogel, W.; Geuze, H.J. (1 October 2000). "Exosome: from internal vesicle of the multivesicular body to intercellular signaling device"
Intercellular_communication
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
extracellular exosome nucleus Golgi membrane COPII vesicle coat Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex endoplasmic reticulum exit site ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
PDCD6
American biologist
"Extracellular vesicles or exosomes? On primacy, precision, and popularity influencing a choice of nomenclature". J. Extracell. Vesicles. 8 (1) 1648167. doi:10
Kenneth_Witwer
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
without. The encoded protein may participate in the regulation of synaptic vesicle docking and fusion, possibly through interaction with GTP-binding proteins
STXBP1
Swedish clinical allergist and scientist
Exocure Sweden AB Lötvall's laboratory proposed extracellular vesicles such as exosomes and microvesicles as shuttles of RNA molecules between cells along
Jan_Lötvall
Passing of drugs through the blood brain-barrier
group from the University of Oxford led by Prof. Matthew Wood claims that exosomes can cross the blood–brain barrier and deliver siRNAs, antisense oligonucleotides
Drug_delivery_to_the_brain
Enzyme found in humans
(guanine(9)-N(1))-methyltransferase activity Cellular component nucleolus extracellular exosome nucleus nucleoplasm cytosol actin cytoskeleton mitochondrion Biological
TRNA_methyltransferase_10A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(July 2001). "CHMP1 functions as a member of a newly defined family of vesicle trafficking proteins". J. Cell Sci. 114 (Pt 13): 2395–404. doi:10.1242/jcs
VPS4A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Synaptic vesicle membrane protein VAT-1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VAT1 gene. Synaptic vesicles are responsible for regulating
VAT1
Protein-coding gene in humans
membrane Golgi-associated vesicle apical plasma membrane perinuclear region of cytoplasm extracellular exosome cell periphery vesicle membrane membrane Biological
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 26
Serine/threonine-protein_kinase_26
research (e.g. lipid nanoparticles and liposomes) Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes Virology and vaccine production Biomedical diagnostics Microfluidics
Tunable resistive pulse sensing
Tunable_resistive_pulse_sensing
Cuban-American cardiologist
Chakravarty, Tarun; Chen, Peter; Akhmerov, Akbarshakh; et al. (March 13, 2018). "Exosome-Mediated Benefits of Cell Therapy in Mouse and Human Models of Duchenne
Eduardo_Marbán
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
extracellular exosome extracellular space cytosol specific granule lumen extracellular region cytoplasmic vesicle cytoplasmic vesicle lumen Biological
Lipocalin-2
Officer of Aethlon Medical's wholly owned subsidiary, Exosome Sciences. Taylor first described exosomes in the 1980s, originally believing them to be cell
Douglas_D._Taylor
Protein found in humans
plasma membrane ciliary rootlet actin cytoskeleton centriole extracellular exosome cytoskeleton cytoplasm cytosol microtubule organizing center cilium cell
Rootletin
Protein-coding gene in humans
a vesicle. The vesicle is then brought into the cell and cleaved from the cell membrane. RAB7A plays an important role in the movement of vesicles into
RAB7A
Italian biologist
interactions occurring between tumor cells, blood vessels, immune cells and exosomes in the tumor microenvironment. De Palma is known for having discovered
Michele_De_Palma
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of vesicular transport is regulated, in part, by the interaction of a vesicle-associated membrane protein termed synaptobrevin/VAMP with a target compartment
SNAP23
Enzyme found in humans
transaminase activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol extracellular exosome extracellular space Biological process L-alanine catabolic process cellular
Alanine_aminotransferase_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
receptor complex heterochromatin acrosomal vesicle chaperonin-containing T-complex microtubule extracellular exosome cytoskeleton Biological process tubulin
T-complex_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cytokine activity protein binding Cellular component extracellular exosome cytoplasmic vesicle platelet dense granule lumen extracellular region extracellular
FAM3C
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
junction cell leading edge actin cytoskeleton neuron projection extracellular exosome cytoskeleton cytoplasm nucleus lamellipodium site of double-strand break
ARPC2
Protein-coding gene in humans
through a coiled coil. EEA1 acts as a tethering molecule that couples vesicle docking with SNAREs such as N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein,
EEA1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
reticulum neuron projection cytoskeleton cytoplasmic vesicle membrane extracellular exosome cytoplasmic vesicle nucleus cytosol nuclear membrane intracellular
Torsin-1A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
membrane nuclear membrane extracellular exosome nuclear envelope cytoplasmic vesicle membrane cytoplasmic vesicle intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
Myoferlin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
membrane focal adhesion myelin sheath extracellular exosome cytoplasmic vesicle membrane mitochondrion vesicle synapse presynapse Biological process regulation
YWHAG
Cellular component extracellular region transport vesicle cytoplasmic vesicle extracellular exosome ficolin-1-rich granule lumen collagen-containing extracellular
Major_basic_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
coronary artery nasal epithelium Top expressed in somite otic placode otic vesicle stroma of bone marrow primitive streak endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel
TXNRD1
Canadian biochemist
(1985–88) as well. She retired as professor emerita in 1995. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle responsible for the secretion of cell constituents (protein
Rose_Johnstone
Paracrine soluble factors produced by stem cells
(re-)generation. The stem cell secretome consists of extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, microvesicles, membrane particles, peptides and small proteins
Stem_cell_secretome
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
to it and is transported into the cell in a vesicle by receptor-mediated endocytosis. The pH of the vesicle is reduced by hydrogen ion pumps (H+ ATPases)
Transferrin
Mammalian protein found in humans
endoplasmic reticulum lumen COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle extracellular exosome endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
Alpha-1_antitrypsin
Enzyme
component integral component of membrane nuclear inner membrane extracellular exosome endoplasmic reticulum membrane endoplasmic reticulum membrane nucleus integral
Zinc_metalloproteinase_STE24
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
from stressed or damaged cells. Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are small lipid-bound vesicles that facilitate cell-to-cell communication by
RAGE_(receptor)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
similarity to the yeast SEC13 and SEC31 proteins, which are required for vesicle biogenesis from the endoplasmic reticulum during the transport of proteins
SEC13
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
STXBP1, STXBP5, Syntaxin binding protein 3, TXLNB, VAMP2, VAMP3, and Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000103496
STX4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Golgi vesicle-mediated transport receptor-mediated endocytosis positive regulation of early endosome to recycling endosome transport post-Golgi vesicle-mediated
Sortilin-related_receptor
Protein found in humans
particle clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane endoplasmic reticulum membrane extracellular exosome endocytic vesicle lumen soma cytoplasm chylomicron
Apolipoprotein_B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
unknown, but they have been implicated in several signaling pathways, vesicle trafficking, and in the myosin II-actin cytoskeleton. The Scribble complex
SCRIB
American neurogenomics researcher
Keuren-Jensen, Kendall; Bitan, Gal (2022-09-08). "Editorial: Exosomes: Message in a vesicle". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 13. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1018928
Kendall_Van_Keuren-Jensen
Protein found in humans
cytoplasmic vesicle endosome endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane anchored component of plasma membrane extracellular exosome transport
Folate_receptor_1
Protein-coding gene in humans
extracellular exosome cytoplasmic vesicle nucleoplasm cilium nuclear body Biological process post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway post-Golgi vesicle-mediated
RP2_(gene)
American cell biologist
multivesicular bodies, leading to in situ secretion of exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles secreted from cells. As a result of her academic research
Alissa_M._Weaver
Human protein and coding gene
nucleolus clathrin-coated vesicle membrane clathrin-coated pit extracellular exosome cytoplasmic vesicle clathrin-coated vesicle fibrillar center cytosol
DAB2
Protein-coding gene in humans
supraspliceosomal complex nucleoplasm spliceosomal complex extracellular exosome nucleus extracellular space ribonucleoprotein complex Biological process
RBMX
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
characteristic localization to synaptic and clathrin coated vesicles. It is also found on secretory vesicles in endocrine, neuroendocrine and exocrine cells. This
DNAJC5
Human protein and coding gene
be regulated by MITF. STX7 has been shown to interact with STX8, VPS18, Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 and VPS11. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000079950
STX7
Protein found in humans
component cytoplasm endocytic vesicle membrane endoplasmic reticulum lumen extracellular region cell surface extracellular exosome plasma membrane Golgi lumen
WNT4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
fusing of vesicles to target membranes in cells. The 'SNARE hypothesis' is a model explaining the process of docking and fusion of vesicles to their target
NAPA_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in Humans
marrow primary oocyte zygote interventricular septum hair follicle otic vesicle saccule yolk sac More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression
NPC1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
membrane endosome membrane extracellular exosome membrane nucleus ruffle plasma membrane cytoplasmic vesicle vesicle early phagosome ruffle membrane early
APPL2
Protein found in humans
of cytoplasm extracellular exosome cytoskeleton mitochondrion Golgi apparatus cis-Golgi network cytosol intracellular vesicle recycling endosome early endosome
Ras-related_protein_Rab-29
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
exocyst, Exo84 and Sec5, to promote autophagosome assembly, secretory vesicle trafficking, and tethering. Other downstream functions include exocytosis
RALA
of paramural bodies to the exosomes produced by mammalian cells, they may perform similar functions such as membrane vesicle trafficking between cells
Paramural_body
Argentine immunologist
analysis of dendritic cell-derived exosomes: a secreted subcellular compartment distinct from apoptotic vesicles. Journal of Immunology. 166(12): pgs
Sebastian_Amigorena
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
endosome membrane plasma membrane midbody endosome membrane extracellular exosome ESCRT I complex host cell intracellular membrane-bounded organelle Biological
VPS37B_subunit_of_ESCRT-I
Protein-coding gene in humans
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle nucleoplasm nucleolus extracellular exosome nucleus Biological process regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation
CHD2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Louvard D (Feb 1994). "A small rab GTPase is distributed in cytoplasmic vesicles in non polarized cells but colocalizes with the tight junction marker ZO-1
RAB13
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Ras, Rho, Ran, Rab and Arf GTPases. RAB2B’s main function is regulating vesicle transport and membrane fusion. RAB2B is a human protein whose gene is located
RAB2B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLVAP gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130300 – Ensembl
PLVAP
Protein-coding gene in Homo sapiens
SNAREs intertwine, they pull the vesicle towards the target membrane, excluding water and promoting fusion of the vesicle with the target membrane. NSF unravels
N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein
N-ethylmaleimide_sensitive_fusion_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Recently, MARCKS has been implicated in the exocytosis of a number of vesicles and granules such as mucin and chromaffin. It is also the name of a protein
MARCKS
Protein-coding gene in humans
molecular function Cellular component extracellular region extracellular exosome extracellular space Biological process negative regulation of gluconeogenesis
MTCL2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
extracellular exosome membrane cilium endosome synaptic vesicle Biological process protein transport positive regulation of regulated secretory pathway vesicle docking
RAB15
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
extracellular region extracellular exosome secretory granule lumen soma cytoplasmic vesicle lumen extracellular space cytoplasmic vesicle perikaryon Biological process
Neuroserpin
Enzyme of the glycolysis metabolic pathway
including transcription activation, initiation of apoptosis, ER-to-Golgi vesicle shuttling, and fast axonal, or axoplasmic transport. In sperm, a testis-specific
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glyceraldehyde_3-phosphate_dehydrogenase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(endosomal sorting complexes required for transport), which is involved with vesicle budding and cytokinesis. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000182149 –
IST1_homolog
Protein found in humans
binding Cellular component nucleoplasm proteasome complex extracellular exosome nucleus proteasome core complex cytoplasm cytosol proteasome core complex
PSMB6
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cytoplasm dendrite extracellular exosome cortical actin cytoskeleton Biological process intracellular protein transport vesicle transport along actin filament
Melanophilin
French cell biologist
responses at Institut Curie. Théry began studying exosomes in 1998, at a time when extracellular vesicles (EVs) were largely regarded as unimportant or even
Clotilde_Théry
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EXOSOME VESICLE
EXOSOME VESICLE
EXOSOME VESICLE
EXOSOME VESICLE
EXOSOME VESICLE
EXOSOME VESICLE
EXOSOME VESICLE
EXOSOME VESICLE
EXOSOME VESICLE
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