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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Exosome component 4, also known as EXOSC4, is a human gene, which is part of the exosome complex. Exosome component 4 has been shown to interact with
Exosome_component_4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Exosome component 2, also known as EXOSC2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the EXOSC2 gene. Mammalian mRNAs contain AU-rich elements (AREs)
Exosome_component_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Exosome component 9, also known as EXOSC9, is a human gene, the protein product of which (sometimes called RRP45 or PM/Scl-75) is part of the exosome
Exosome_component_9
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Exosome component 8, also known as EXOSC8, is a human gene, the protein product of which is part of the exosome complex. Exosome component 8 has been shown
Exosome_component_8
Protein complex that degrades RNA
The exosome complex (or PM/Scl complex, often just called the exosome) is a multi-protein intracellular complex capable of degrading various types of
Exosome_complex
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Exosome component 7, also known as EXOSC7, is a human gene, the protein product of which is part of the exosome complex. Exosome component 7 has been shown
Exosome_component_7
Protein found in humans
Exosome component 10, also known as EXOSC10, is a human gene, the protein product of which (sometimes called PM/Scl-100) is part of the exosome complex
Exosome_component_10
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
component 6 has been shown to interact with Exosome component 7,Exosome component 8 and Exosome component 1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000223496 –
Exosome_component_6
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Exosome component 3, also known as EXOSC3, is a human gene, which is part of the exosome complex. Mutations in EXOSC3 cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia
Exosome_component_3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encoded by the EXOSC1 gene. This gene encodes a core component of the exosome complex. The mammalian exosome is required for rapid degradation of AU rich element-containing
Exosome_component_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Exosome component 5, also known as EXOSC5, is a human gene, which is part of the exosome complex. Biallelic pathogenic variation in EXOSC5 causes autosomal
Exosome_component_5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Brouwer R, Allmang C, Raijmakers R, et al. (2001). "Three novel components of the human exosome". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (9): 6177–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007603200
Exosome_RNA_helicase_MTR4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
human exosome components support the assembly of RNase PH-type subunits into a six-membered PNPase-like ring". Journal of Molecular Biology. 323 (4): 653–663
DIS3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Reticulon 4 receptor (RTN4R) also known as Nogo-66 Receptor (NgR) or Nogo receptor 1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the RTN4R gene. This gene
Reticulon_4_receptor
Protein found in humans
(tetratricopeptide repeat domain 37). SKIC3 is a component of the Ski complex which is involved in exosome mediated RNA decay. It is localized in the cytoplasmatic
Superkiller_complex_protein_3
Protein found in humans
involves complement component 2 protein attaching to complement component 4 protein to form the complement system. Complement component 4 is a protein involved
Complement_component_2
Protein-coding gene in humans
171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. Nöthen MM, Dewald G (January 1994). "A common amino acid polymorphism in complement component C1R"
Complement_component_1r
Multiprotein and heterotrimeric complex
the core exosome down to 4-5 adenosines assisting in transcript recognition and exosome complex activation. The substrate specificity of exosomes is improved
TRAMP_complex
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The Joining (J) chain is a protein component that links monomers of antibodies IgM and IgA to form polymeric antibodies capable of secretion. The J chain
J_chain
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
activity Cellular component integral component of plasma membrane membrane extracellular region extracellular exosome integral component of membrane plasma
TMPRSS11B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta, also known as pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial or PDHE1-B is an enzyme that in humans is
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) beta
Pyruvate_dehydrogenase_(lipoamide)_beta
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The serum amyloid P component (SAP) is the identical serum form of the amyloid P component (AP), a 25 kDa pentameric protein first identified as the pentagonal
Serum_amyloid_P_component
Protein found in humans
adipocytes and macrophages. aP2 is also called fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). Blocking this protein either through genetic engineering or drugs
Adipocyte_protein_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the Complement component 4 protein that in humans is encoded by the C4A gene. This gene encodes the acidic form of complement factor 4, part of the classical
C4A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Mucin-4 (MUC-4) is a mucin protein that in humans is encoded by the MUC4 gene. Like other mucins, MUC-4 is a high-molecular weight glycoprotein. The major
Mucin_4
Protein found in humans
Complement component 9 (C9) is a MACPF protein involved in the complement system, which is part of the innate immune system. Once activated, about 12-18
Complement_component_9
Protein found in humans
The enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (EC 4.4.1.1, CTH or CSE; also cystathionase; systematic name L-cystathionine cysteine-lyase (deaminating; 2-oxobutanoate-forming))
Cystathionine_gamma-lyase
Protein-coding gene in humans
protein catabolism. Though there is only one known isozyme of Cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15) in humans, certain other animals like liver fluke have more than one
Cathepsin_L1
Protein found in humans
Complement component 3, often simply called C3, is a protein of the immune system that is found primarily in the blood. It plays a central role in the
Complement_component_3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Lysyl oxidase homolog 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LOXL4 gene. This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic
LOXL4
Class of enzymes
Sagi-Assif O, Witz IP (November 2001). "The FX enzyme is a functional component of lymphocyte activation". Cellular Immunology. 213 (2): 141–148. doi:10
GDP-mannose_4,6-dehydratase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
humans is encoded by the PPL gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of desmosomes and of the epidermal cornified envelope in keratinocytes
Periplakin
Enzyme found in humans
Alvarez BV, Casey JR (July 2002). "The extracellular component of a transport metabolon. Extracellular loop 4 of the human AE1 Cl-/HCO3- exchanger binds carbonic
Carbonic_anhydrase_4
Protein found in humans
Complement component 1s (EC 3.4.21.42, C1 esterase, activated complement C1s, complement C overbar 1r, C1s) is a protein involved in the complement system
Complement_component_1s
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Complement component 4B (Chido blood group) is a kind of the Complement component 4 protein that in humans is encoded by the C4B gene. This gene encodes
Complement_component_4B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Retrieved 2012-11-12. Wu H, Xu G, Li YP (May 2009). "Atp6v0d2 is an essential component of the osteoclast-specific proton pump that mediates extracellular acidification
ATP6V0D2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
electrical signals. Alpha-tectorin is one of the major noncollagenous components of the tectorial membrane. Mutations in the TECTA gene have been shown
TECTA
Protein found in humans
Complement component 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C6 gene. Complement component 6 is a protein involved in the complement system. It
Complement_component_6
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
its chemical reactions with proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular components. The second detoxification step, in which (R)-S-lactoylglutathione is
Lactoylglutathione_lyase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
four-disulfide core domain protein 2 - also known as Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) - is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WFDC2 gene. HE4 is a
WFDC2
NcRNA found in eukaryotes
exoribonucleolytic degradation. Extended hTR transcripts are also degraded by the RNA exosome. The 5' ends of hTR transcripts are also additionally processed. TGS-1
Telomerase_RNA_component
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
prion form. In 2015 it was reported that the presence of this protein in exosomes in patients' blood is able to detect early pancreatic cancer with absolute
Glypican_1
Protein-coding gene in humans
secretory component purified from human milk". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 257 (16): 9612–9621. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)34116-4. hdl:20.500
Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor
Polymeric_immunoglobulin_receptor
American life sciences company
agreed to acquire Quad Technologies. In August 2018, the company acquired Exosome Diagnostics for $250 million plus up to an additional $325 million in milestone
Bio-Techne
Enzyme
Plasma kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.34) is an enzyme that catalyses the following chemical reaction: Selective cleavage of some Arg- and Lys- bonds, including
Plasma_kallikrein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encoding Cab45, a Ca2+-binding protein with six EF-hand motifs". DNA Seq. 7 (3–4): 217–20. doi:10.3109/10425179709034038. PMID 9254016. Scherer PE, Lederkremer
SDF4
Protein found in humans
cell types. Desmoglein 3 is a calcium-binding transmembrane glycoprotein component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. Currently, four desmoglein
Desmoglein-3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
system". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 370 (4): 465–78. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960708)370:4<465::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 8807448. S2CID 27877672
GPM6A
Type of extracellular vesicle
to be larger, on average, than intracellularly-generated EVs known as exosomes. Microvesicles play a role in intercellular communication and can transport
Microvesicle
Protein found in humans
strength Cellular component integral component of membrane basement membrane collagen endoplasmic reticulum lumen extracellular exosome collagen type XV
Collagen,_type_XV,_alpha_1
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
ureotelic species must convert their toxic nitrogen waste into non-toxic components, like uric acid or urea, through a series of catalyzed steps better known
Argininosuccinate_lyase
Enzyme found in humans
and ammonia (formimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase activity, EC 4.3.1.4) Its name comes from the two activities it catalyzes. Mutations of the
Formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase
Formimidoyltransferase_cyclodeaminase
degradation due to the combined activity of poly-adenylating polymerases and exosome complexes. CUT transcription occurs through RNA Polymerase II and initiates
Cryptic_unstable_transcript
Enzyme found in humans
Bisphosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.4) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BPGM gene. It is expressed in erythrocytes and placental cells.
Bisphosphoglycerate_mutase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens (Humans)
cathepsins are a family of cysteine proteases that represent a major component of the lysosomal proteolytic system. In general, cathepsins contain a
Cathepsin_F
Protein-coding gene in humans
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4, also known as melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP) or neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2), is a chondroitin
CSPG4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
adhesion component". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 5 (2): 183–192. doi:10.1091/mbc.5.2.183. PMC 301024. PMID 8019004. "Entrez Gene: SDC4 syndecan 4". Woods
Syndecan-4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit
40S_ribosomal_protein_S11
Protein found in humans
composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit
60S_ribosomal_protein_L37a
Enzyme found in humans
Metallocarboxypeptidase D (EC 3.4.17.22), often just called Carboxypeptidase D, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CPD gene. This enzyme catalyses
Metallocarboxypeptidase_D
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
is encoded by the ATP5PO gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the F-type ATPase found in the mitochondrial matrix. F-type ATPases
ATP5PO
Enzyme in human blood that degrades clots and other proteins
Plasmin is an important enzyme (EC 3.4.21.7) present in blood that degrades many blood plasma proteins, including fibrin clots. The degradation of fibrin
Plasmin
Protein-coding gene in humans
characterization of a novel DNA methyltransferase complex linking DNMT3B with components of the mitotic chromosome condensation machinery". Nucleic Acids Research
SMC2
Enzyme found in humans
damaged material. The RNA exosome multiprotein complex performs this function and is dependent on cofactors. The exosome was initially discovered in
Superkiller_complex_protein_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PCBD1 gene. This gene encodes pterin-4 alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase
PCBD1
Neurodegenerative disease caused by head injury
gait problems (problems with walking) seem to be early signs of CTEM. Exosome vesicles created by the brain are potential biomarkers of TBI, including
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Chronic_traumatic_encephalopathy
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
transactivated protein 1 interacting proteins". Molecular Medicine Reports. 9 (2): 720–4. doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1813. PMID 24253495. This article incorporates text
PILRA
Protein found in humans
composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal phosphoprotein that is a component of the 60S
60S acidic ribosomal protein P2
60S_acidic_ribosomal_protein_P2
Vesicles found outside cells
200 nm. EVs can be divided according to size and synthesis route into exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. The composition of EVs varies depending
Extracellular_vesicle
Traditional Chinese medicine formulation
anti-fibrotic effects, stimulation of angiogenesis, and modulation of exosome-mediated signaling. The formulation is also thought to strengthen myocardial
Tongxinluo
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Phosphomevalonate kinase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.4.2) in the mevalonate pathway that in humans is encoded by the PMVK gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163344
Phosphomevalonate_kinase
Protein found in humans
Complement component 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C5 gene. Complement component 5 is involved in the complement system. It is cleaved
Complement_component_5
Mammalian protein involved in blood clotting
protein involved in coagulation. It is the zymogen form of factor XIIa (EC 3.4.21.38), an enzyme of the serine protease (or serine endopeptidase) class.
Factor_XII
plasma membrane cell surface soma apical plasma membrane extracellular exosome plasma membrane Biological process positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation
Hepsin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
consisted of 512 and 474 amino acids respectively. The β-2 subunit is a component of the ligand-gated chloride GABAA receptors which belongs to the Cys-loop
GABRB2
Mammalian protein found in humans
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4 or DPPIV), also known as adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2 or CD26 (cluster of differentiation 26) is a protein that
Dipeptidyl_peptidase-4
Protein found in humans
(4): 933–939. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5865. PMID 11688999. Lai L, Tan TM (February 2002). "Role of glutathione in the multidrug resistance protein 4
ABCC11
Enzyme found in humans
mutase activity phosphoglycerate mutase activity Cellular component cytosol extracellular exosome nucleus Biological process Notch signaling pathway gluconeogenesis
Phosphoglycerate_mutase_2
Protein found in humans
composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit
60S_ribosomal_protein_L27
Mammalian protein found in humans
tissues and during other stages of development. It is a major proteoglycan component in the glomerular basement membrane and may play a role in the renal filtration
Agrin
leucine-rich repeats allowing lumican to bind to other extracellular components such as collagen; a carboxyl terminal domain of 50 amino acid residues
Lumican
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
metabolic inactivation of the glycopeptide bleomycin (BLM), an essential component of combination chemotherapy regimens for cancer. The protein contains
Bleomycin_hydrolase
Protein found in humans
composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic ribosomal protein that is a component of the
60S_ribosomal_protein_L22
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Histone H1.4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HIST1H1E gene. Histones are basic nuclear proteins responsible for nucleosome structure of
HIST1H1E
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Olfactomedin 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OLFM4 gene. This gene was originally cloned from human myeloblasts and found to be selectively
Olfactomedin_4
Exopeptidase enzyme that acts on angiotensin I and II
Spike protein neutralised SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and a triple-mutant (sACE2.v2.4) with nanomolar Spike binding blocked pseudovirus entry in lung cell lines
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Angiotensin-converting_enzyme_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
aldosterone and epithelial sodium channel activity". Hypertension Research. 32 (4): 276–81. doi:10.1038/hr.2009.6. PMID 19262497. Zhu H, Guo D, Li K, Yan W
PRSS8
Mammalian protein found in humans
transpeptidase, an ecto-enzyme regulator of intracellular redox potential, is a component of TM4 signal transduction complexes". Eur. J. Immunol. 28 (12): 4123–4129
CD53
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
et al. (2002). "AU binding proteins recruit the exosome to degrade ARE-containing mRNAs". Cell. 107 (4): 451–64. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00578-5. PMID 11719186
KHSRP
Protein found in humans
Hochstrasser DF, et al. (April 2013). "Proteomic analysis of podocyte exosome-enriched fraction from normal human urine". Journal of Proteomics. 82:
FAM151A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Protein disulfide-isomerase, also known as the beta-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4HB), is an enzyme that in humans encoded by the P4HB gene. The
P4HB
Proteine
(1998). "Mapping specific protein-protein interactions within the core component of the breast cell DNA synthesome". Oncology Research. 9 (11–12): 629–39
RFC1
Protein found in humans
cleavage after Arg223 in complement component C2 (-Ser-Leu-Gly-Arg-Lys-Ile-Gln-Ile) and after Arg76 in complement component C4 (-Gly-Leu-Gln-Arg-Ala-Leu-Glu-Ile)
Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2
Mannan-binding_lectin-associated_serine_protease-2
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
UPK1A gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are
Uroplakin-1a
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
system of blood coagulation. The protein encoded by this gene is the beta component of fibrinogen, a blood-borne glycoprotein composed of three pairs of nonidentical
Fibrinogen_beta_chain
Protein found in humans
Peltoketo H, et al. (May 2006). "Wnt-4 signaling is involved in the control of smooth muscle cell fate via Bmp-4 in the medullary stroma of the developing
WNT4
Protein-coding gene in humans
postulated to mediate the TFIIH-dependent response to DNA damage as a component of the MMS19-XPD. Alternatively, suppressing the expression of this gene
ADP/ATP_translocase_2
Enzymes responsible for polyamine metabolism
potential new target for therapy". Cancer Biology & Therapy. 4 (1): 83–86. doi:10.4161/cbt.4.1.1380. PMID 15662124. Hustinx SR, Leoni LM, Yeo CJ, Brown
MTAP
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gamma-glutamyl hydrolase in a Japanese population". Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30 (4): 839–41. doi:10.1248/bpb.30.839. PMID 17409534. Gamma-glutamyl+hydrolase
Gamma-glutamyl_hydrolase
phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, 4-fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase catalyzes the final step in the catabolism of 4-fumarylacetoacetic acid, converting
Fumarylacetoacetate_hydrolase
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EXOSOME COMPONENT-4
EXOSOME COMPONENT-4
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EXOSOME COMPONENT-4
EXOSOME COMPONENT-4
EXOSOME COMPONENT-4
EXOSOME COMPONENT-4
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EXOSOME COMPONENT-4
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