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Small, movable part of a disk drive
A disk read-and-write head is the small part of a disk drive that moves above the disk platter and transforms the platter's magnetic field into electric
Disk_read-and-write_head
Read-write head of a hard disk making contact with the platter
A head crash is a hard-disk failure that occurs when a read–write head of a hard disk drive makes contact with its rotating platter, slashing its surface
Head_crash
General category of storage mechanisms
transfer rate. Often measured in MB/s. Disk array Disk drive performance characteristics Disk read-and-write head Magnetic storage RAID USB flash drive
Disk_storage
Disk access scheduling algorithm
scheduling algorithm to determine the motion of the disk read-and-write head in servicing read and write requests. An operating system using shortest seek
Shortest_seek_first
Removable disk storage medium
read, write, and format IBM PC–compatible floppy disks. However, few IBM-compatible computers were able to read or write Apple-formatted floppy disks
Floppy_disk
patterns on tape, a tape head For reading magnetic patterns on a disk platter, the read head located on the disk read-and-write head For reading printed barcodes
Receiver_(information_theory)
Electro-mechanical data storage device
thick and 24 inches (610 mm) in diameter. While the earlier IBM disk drives used only two read/write heads per arm, the 1301 used an array of 48 heads (comb)
Hard_disk_drive
Controller for disk storage, usually integrated into the drive
Interface). A disk controller allows a disk to talk to the same bus. Signals read by a disk read-and-write head are converted by a disk controller, then
Disk_controller
floppy disk is a disk storage medium composed of a thin and flexible magnetic storage medium encased in a rectangular plastic carrier. It is read and written
History_of_the_floppy_disk
released the first practical hard disk drive equipped with a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) disk read-and-write head. 1997 – IBM Deskstar 16 GB "Titan"
History_of_hard_disk_drives
BIOS interrupt call for disk access
this vector that provides sector-based hard disk and floppy disk read and write services using cylinder-head-sector (CHS) addressing. Modern PC BIOSes also
INT_13H
Canadian-American computer scientist and researcher (1931–2024)
and the write functionality, and which remains largely unchanged for decades. More details see Disk read-and-write head. 2. US patent 4,295,173, Thin
Lubomyr_Romankiw
Indian-American businessman
became the industry-standard double-sided floppy drive disk read-and-write heads. He is chairman and CEO of Celetronix, Inc. Tandon grew up in Punjab, India
Sirjang_Lal_Tandon
Data storage technology
in a single hard disk drive or solid-state drive, RAID coordinates two or more such devices into a disk array. When the computer writes data to secondary
RAID
Topics referred to by the same term
Recording head, the physical interface between a recording apparatus and a moving recording medium Disk read-and-write head, part of a disk drive Sprinkler
Head_(disambiguation)
Algorithms for processing data too large to fit into a computer's main memory at once
using a disk read-and-write head. The running time of an algorithm in the external memory model is defined by the number of reads and writes to memory
External_memory_algorithm
Buffer between a computer and a storage disk
the hard disk platter. The disk buffer is used so that both the I/O interface and the disk read/write head can operate at full speed. The disk's embedded
Disk_buffer
Device that converts energy from one form to another
and from conducted electrical signals Magnetic cartridges – converts relative physical motion to and from electrical signals Tape head, disk read-and-write
Transducer
Recording of data on a magnetizable medium
data and is a form of non-volatile memory. The information is accessed using one or more read/write heads. Magnetic storage media, primarily hard disks, are
Magnetic_storage
Time delay between an input and a response
track and then rotational latency for the data encoded on a platter to rotate from its current position to a position under the disk read-and-write head. Computers
Latency_(engineering)
Storage medium from Imation
2 MB, 720 KB floppy formats (MFM). Superdisk drives read and write faster to these sorts of disks than conventional 1.44 MB or 720 KB floppy drives. The
SuperDisk
Technology for maintenance of file systems
optical disk media). The movement of the hard drive's read/write heads over different areas of the disk when accessing fragmented files is slower than accessing
Defragmentation
Disk-scheduling algorithm
algorithm, or SCAN, is a disk-scheduling algorithm to determine the motion of the disk's arm and head in servicing read and write requests. This algorithm
Elevator_algorithm
Japanese spring manufacturer
automobiles, suspension systems for disk read-and-write heads used in hard-disk drives, industrial machinery & equipment and security services. The company
NHK_Spring_Company
Windows utility which defragments a hard drive
a disk minimizes head travel, which reduces the time it takes to read files from and write files to the disk. As a result of the decreased read and write
Microsoft_Drive_Optimizer
magnitude. This technology may find uses in disk read-and-write heads, allowing for increases in hard disk drive data density. However, so far it has not
Colossal_magnetoresistance
Floppy disk drive for the Apple II computer
software. The stock SA-400 drives had a head load solenoid that would lift the read/write heads from contact with the disk when it was not being accessed; this
Disk_II
floating height or head gap is the distance between the disk read/write head on a hard disk drive and the platter. The first commercial hard-disk drive, the IBM
Flying_height
Hard disk scheduling algorithm
LOOK is a hard disk scheduling algorithm used to determine the order in which new disk read and write requests are processed. The LOOK algorithm, similar
LOOK_algorithm
Circuitry that controls reading from and writing to a computer's floppy disk drive
A floppy disk controller (FDC) is a hardware component that directs and controls reading from and writing to a computer's floppy disk drive (FDD). It has
Floppy_disk_controller
Electromechanical malfunctioning
situations. The most notorious cause of drive failure is a head crash, where the internal read-and-write head of the device, usually just hovering above the surface
Hard_disk_drive_failure
Computer storage device with no moving parts
or solid-state disk. Etymologically, "solid-state drive" partly refers to existing data storage devices like tape drives and hard disk drives, which all
Solid-state_drive
Obsolete form of removable media
exchangeable disk packs or disk cartridges generally required the data heads to be aligned to allow packs formatted on one drive to be read and written on
Disk_pack
Encoding method used on early floppy and hard disk drives
data is read and written, using magnetic induction. During reading, the disk is rotating so its surface moves rapidly past the read/write head, a small
Frequency_modulation_encoding
Logical or physical division of storage media
drive have positioned the read/write head over the correct location. The data area contains the sync bytes, user data, and an error-correcting code (ECC)
Disk_sector
Computer drive that uses removable MO media
capacity of 9.1 GB and is downward read and write compatible with 5.2 GB, 4.8 GB, 4.1 GB, 2.6 GB, and 2.3 GB magneto-optical disks, and read compatible with
Magneto-optical_drive
Monitoring system in computer drives
electrical and mechanical performance as well as the read performance of the disk. Electrical tests might include a test of buffer RAM, a read/write circuitry
Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology
Self-Monitoring,_Analysis_and_Reporting_Technology
Defunct American removable storage manufacturer
amber or flashing red) as disks were loaded, tested and unloaded. It was also possible to follow movements of the read and write mechanism through the top
Orb_Drive
Flat, usually circular disc that encodes binary data
on the drive type, disc format, and the distance of the read head from the center of the disc (outer tracks are read at a higher data speed due to higher
Optical_disc
Removable floppy disk storage system
rotation of the disk pulls the flexible disk media down towards the read/write head, and will continue to do so for as long as the disk is spinning. This
Bernoulli_Box
image. With proper software, it is possible to read and write Amiga and almost any other floppy disk. Commodore never upgraded the Original Chip Set
Floppy_disk_variants
signals to the drive included signals such as Read Gate (turn the Read Head on) and Write Gate (turn the Write Head on). The data transfer could be over a wide
Standard_Disk_Interconnect
Process of salvaging inaccessible data from corrupted or damaged secondary storage
hard disk drive in a normal environment can allow airborne dust to settle on the platter and become caught between the platter and the read/write head. During
Data_recovery
Magnetic tape data storage technology
runs along each edge. The tape head assembly, which reads from and writes to the tape, straddles a single data band and the two adjacent servo bands. The
Linear_Tape-Open
Machine used for manufacturing hard drives
the read/write head has found the proper track, it can read and write data between the sector marks on the track. A servowriter is used to write servo
Servowriter
Computer memory that does not lose its contents after being turned off
plastic disk and are similarly random access. Read-only and read-write versions are available; removable media again allows indefinite expansion, and some
Non-volatile_memory
Removable storage format
disk-based removable storage format intended as a replacement of tape storage. RDX removable disk technology consists of portable disk cartridges and
RDX_(disk)
Hard disk storage system
flying head to read and write data to a spinning platter. The removable disks contained the platter, spindle, and motor, while the drive heads and drive
REV_(disk)
Data storage device
A tape drive is a data storage device that reads and writes data on a magnetic tape. Magnetic-tape data storage is typically used for offline, archival
Tape_drive
Data storage device
devices can be read by PCs with a card reader. Particularly with the advent of USB, external hard disks have become widely available and inexpensive. External
USB_flash_drive
the delay waiting for the rotation of the disk to bring the required disk sector under the read-write head. Older 3,600 rpm drives had a latency of 8
Hard disk drive performance characteristics
Hard_disk_drive_performance_characteristics
Method for interpreting data in digital storage systems
from the weak analog read-back signal picked up by the head of a magnetic disk drive or tape drive. PRML was introduced to read data more reliably or
Partial-response maximum-likelihood
Partial-response_maximum-likelihood
to its write-once, append-only on-disk data-format and its use of an in-memory hash-table of keys for lookups: Low latency for read and write operations
Bitcask
Type of floppy disk drive
the read/write head in the drive using grooves in the disk being sensed by an infrared LED and sensor (a form of visual servo). The magnetic head touches
Floptical
I/O scheduler for the Linux kernel
requests. It maintains two deadline queues, as well as sorted queues (both read and write). Deadline queues are sorted by their expiration time, while the sorted
Deadline_Scheduler
Extension of Serial ATA hard disk protocol
the Serial ATA protocol allowing hard disk drives to internally optimize the order in which received read and write commands are executed. This can reduce
Native_Command_Queuing
Defunct American manufacturer
independent US-based supplier of disk read-and-write heads. Through the Chapter 11 process, AMC was restructured and repositioned into the field of
Applied_Magnetics_Corporation
software and data to be read and written from and to floppies, forcing users to maintain floppy drives on supporting systems. Floppy disks and floppy drives
Floppy_disk_hardware_emulator
access arms each contains two read/write heads, one for the top of the disk and the other for the bottom of the same disk. The access arms are mounted
History of IBM magnetic disk drives
History_of_IBM_magnetic_disk_drives
Technology for storing data in hard disk drives
form-factor and for a given cost. In an HDD, data is stored using magnetic recording on a rotating magnetic disk and is accessed through a write-head and read-head
Two-dimensional magnetic recording
Two-dimensional_magnetic_recording
American technology company
magnetic read-write heads at microscopic distances above the disks in rigid disk drives. Hutchinson Technology was founded in 1965 by Jon Geiss and Jeffrey
Hutchinson_Technology
Storage of digital data readable by computers
Secondary storage is addressable by block; once the disk read/write head on HDDs reaches the proper placement and the data, subsequent data on the track are very
Computer_data_storage
Qualifier for the rated speed of an optical disc drive
which makes the medium pass by the read/write head faster when the head is positioned at the outside of the disk. In contrast, in CLV mode, the spindle
Constant_angular_velocity
magnetically coated disks mounted on a rotating shaft, with read-write heads that did not physically touch the storage surface. Goddard's and Lynott's key innovation
William_Goddard_(engineer)
Linux command-line program for modifying hard disk drive parameters
the cost of read/write performance (some hard drives and SSDs might ignore this setting though.): sudo hdparm -M 128 /dev/sda If the disk synchronisation
Hdparm
Circular disk on which magnetic data is stored in a hard disk drive
size). In the hard-disk drive the hard-drive heads fly and move radially over the surface of the spinning platters to read or write the data. Extreme smoothness
Hard_disk_drive_platter
Family of disk operating systems
spinning disk passes under the read/write head while the RWTS routine is decoding the just-read sector (or encoding the next one to be written), and if this
Apple_DOS
Computing term that indicates storage failure
read-and-write heads. At startup, and during use, the disk head must move correctly and be able to confirm that it is correctly tracking data on the disk.
Click_of_death
Sector of a disk storage unit which is unreadable
by disk hardware: P-LIST (mapping during factory production tests) and G-LIST (mapping during consumer usage by disk microcode). Utilities can read the
Bad_sector
1977–1993 series of microcomputers
warned that this technique would damage the read/write head of the drives or wear out the disk faster, and these warnings were frequently repeated in magazines
Apple_II
American professor of mechanical engineering
air-bearing analysis and design for the sliders that support the read/write heads in hard disk drives (HDD). He attended the local school in Wabbaseka until
David_Bogy
Computer storage bus
universal cable. When multiple floppy disks are connected, many pins are shared, including the read and write data pins. As a result, early floppy drives
Floppy_disk_drive_interface
Professional computer backup device
low-load, landing read/write heads with lubricated disks". Neither the Jaz drive nor the REV drive copied the IBM 3340 in making the heads a part of the cartridge
Jaz_drive
Logical volume management system
between PVs. Creation of read-only snapshots of logical volumes (LVM1), leveraging a copy on write (CoW) feature, or read/write snapshots (LVM2) VGs can
Logical Volume Manager (Linux)
Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)
Historical method for giving addresses to physical data blocks on hard disk drives
device called a head reads and writes data in a hard drive by manipulating the magnetic medium that composes the surface of an associated disk platter. Naturally
Cylinder-head-sector
File format used by Amiga computers
and written as well. Disk handling is not locked down like the one in a modern PC, and so most of the work to read and write disks is done by the operating
Amiga_Disk_File
Stored data in computer systems
and is related to disk imaging. The process usually involves unmounting the filesystem and running a program like dd (Unix). Because the disk is read
Backup
First sector of partitioned PC computer disk
load and to execute. (The first relies on behavior that is not universal across all disk partitioning utilities, most notably those that read and write GPTs
Master_boot_record
Data storage technologies that use magnetic tape
than disk. While modern disk commonly have multiple read/write heads, only one operates at a time. Tape on the other hand, has long had multiple read/write
Magnetic-tape_data_storage
Type of computer disk storage drive
read data (CD,DVD,BD-ROM) whereas others can both read data and write data (CD,DVD-RW,BD-RE) to writable discs. Drives which can read but not write data
Optical_disc_drive
Lastly, they cannot read or write high-density 5¼-inch disks due to both the difference in track spacing and the difference in write head coercivity (300-oersted
Commodore_8050
Hard disk drive
carries two (Read, Write) separate unidirectional RS-422 compatible differential signal pairs with 100ohm terminating resistors. As with floppy disk drives
ST-506/ST-412
Directory for storing temporary data in a computer file system
systems with magnetic hard disk drives, performance (overall system IOPS) will increase if disk-head movements from regular disk I/O are separated from the
Temporary_folder
Magnetic storage technology
temperature where the disk's material temporarily loses much of its coercivity. Almost immediately, the magnetic head then writes data in a much smaller
Heat-assisted magnetic recording
Heat-assisted_magnetic_recording
Scheduling algorithm, the first piece of data inserted into a queue is processed first
consists of two counters that serve as read and write memory address registers, a memory array, and status and control logic. The memory typically is
FIFO (computing and electronics)
FIFO_(computing_and_electronics)
Robotic data storage device
unit designed and built at the Royal Aerospace Establishment at Farnborough, England. The unit had twin read/write heads, 12" WORM disks and the carousels
Optical_jukebox
Operating system for Tandy TRS-80 computers
directory cylinder is, the more the drive's read/write head will need to move, which slows disk access and produces more mechanical wear on the drive.
TRSDOS
Removable cartridge disk storage system
100 MB disks with a slightly higher capacity. 250 MB disks format to the same size either way). The 750 MB drive can read and write to 250MB disks, but
Zip_drive
Raw disk image
is used by several tools: RaWrite and WinImage use the raw image format to read and write floppy disk images ImDisk and Virtual Floppy Drive can mount
IMG_(file_format)
Log-structured file system
of read and write access to flash memory. In contrast, magnetic hard disk drives offer nearly symmetrical read and write access: read speed and write speed
JFFS
Process of preparing a data storage device for initial use
normal operations, by the disk controller to read or write data. This is intended to be the permanent foundation of the disk, and is often completed at the
Disk_formatting
Persistent computer data storage with no moving parts
hard disk drives and floppy disks) or linearly moving strips of plastic film (in tape drives). Pairing such magnetic media with read/write heads allows
Solid-state_storage
Low-end IBM computer model from 1960s
Machine. IBM 2520 Card Read/Punch or Card Punch. IBM 1419 Magnetic Ink Character Reader. IBM 2311 Disk Storage (Models 11 and 12). IBM 1442 Model 5 Card
IBM_System/360_Model_20
Disk scheduling algorithm
FSCAN is a disk scheduling algorithm to determine the motion of the disk's arm and head in servicing read and write requests. It uses two sub-queues. During
FSCAN
proportional to RPM. When a system requests to read or write data randomly from/to a HDD, seek time and rotational latency are two HDD activities that
VRPM
Copy-on-write file system developed by Apple
as the drive's read/write heads must physically seek out scattered data fragments. Besides that, a key feature of APFS is "copy-on-write," which allows
Apple_File_System
Defunct American data storage company
stopped and started arbitrarily, with the heads midway through the platter, without causing a head crash. Data Disc sold their read–write heads to other
Data_Disc
Duplication of information or an artifact
digital copying has more interpretation than just the basic concept of disk read and write itself. Digital Copy is a sample of interpretation of digital copying
Copying
Copy-on-write file system
parity so no additional read from data disks, calculate and write to parity disks operations will occur as with traditional RAID-6 and RAID-4 groups. CP at
Write_Anywhere_File_Layout
Floppy disk drive for the Commodore 64
is that the disk drive itself does not feature any means of detecting when the read/write head reaches track zero. Accordingly, when a disk is not formatted
Commodore_1541
DISK READ-AND-WRITE-HEAD
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DISK READ-AND-WRITE-HEAD
DISK READ-AND-WRITE-HEAD
DISK READ-AND-WRITE-HEAD
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DISK READ-AND-WRITE-HEAD
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DISK READ-AND-WRITE-HEAD