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Collection of data
A data set (or dataset) is a collection of data. In the case of tabular data, a data set corresponds to one or more database tables, where every column
Data_set
Tasks in machine learning
input data. These input data used to build the model are usually divided into multiple data sets. In particular, three data sets are commonly used in different
Training, validation, and test data sets
Training,_validation,_and_test_data_sets
Statistics dataset
The Iris flower data set or Fisher's Iris data set is a multivariate data set used and made famous by the British statistician and biologist Ronald Fisher
Iris_flower_data_set
Data structure for storing non-overlapping sets
In computer science, a disjoint-set data structure, also called a union–find data structure or merge–find set, is a data structure that stores a collection
Disjoint-set_data_structure
Abstract data type for storing distinct values
In computer science, a set is an abstract data type that can store distinct values, without any particular order. It is a computer implementation of the
Set_(abstract_data_type)
Unit of information
of data sets include price indices (such as the consumer price index), unemployment rates, literacy rates, and census data. In this context, data represents
Data
Type of computer file existing on IBM mainframe operating systems
IBM mainframe computers in the IBM System/360 line and its successors, a data set (IBM preferred) or dataset is a computer file having a record organization
Data_set_(IBM_mainframe)
Openly accessible data
initiatives Data.gov, Data.gov.uk and Data.gov.in. Open data can be linked data—referred to as linked open data. One of the most important forms of open data is
Open_data
Set of software design patterns in a database
In databases, change data capture (CDC) is a set of software design patterns used to determine and track the data that has changed (the "deltas") so that
Change_data_capture
Misuse of data analysis
misapplied form of data mining. The process of data dredging involves testing multiple hypotheses using a single data set by exhaustively searching—perhaps for
Data_dredging
The Minimum Data Set (MDS) is part of the U.S. federally mandated process for clinical assessment of all residents in Medicare or Medicaid certified nursing
Minimum_Data_Set
Extremely large or complex datasets
Big data primarily refers to data sets that are too large or complex to be dealt with by traditional data-processing software. Data with many entries
Big_data
insights from data. Data analysis tools are software aids, programs and applications that help professionals analyse large and small data sets. They can also
Data_analysis
Disciplines of managing data as a resource
extract meaningful insights from data. Data mining is the process of extracting and finding patterns in massive data sets involving methods at the intersection
Data_management
IBM disk file programming interface
the term data set in official documentation as a synonym for file, and direct-access storage device (DASD) for devices with random access to data locations
Virtual_Storage_Access_Method
Common data definitions for US colleges and universities
The Common Data Set (CDS) is an annual product of the Common Data Set Initiative, "a collaborative effort among data providers in the higher education
Common_Data_Set
Standard for serial communication
transmission of data. It formally defines signals connecting between a DTE (data terminal equipment) such as a computer terminal or PC, and a DCE (data circuit-terminating
RS-232
Cluster analysis problem
the number of clusters in a data set, a quantity often labelled k as in the k-means algorithm, is a frequent problem in data clustering, and is a distinct
Determining the number of clusters in a data set
Determining_the_number_of_clusters_in_a_data_set
Field of study to extract knowledge from data
large data sets and applying the knowledge from that data to solve problems in other application domains. The field encompasses preparing data for analysis
Data_science
Process of analyzing large data sets
Data mining is the process of extracting and finding patterns in massive data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics
Data_mining
Visual representation of data
concerned with presenting sets of primarily quantitative raw data in a schematic form, using imagery. The visual formats used in data visualization includes
Data and information visualization
Data_and_information_visualization
Correcting inaccurate computer records
processing often via scripts or a data quality firewall. After cleansing, a data set should be consistent with other similar data sets in the system. The inconsistencies
Data_cleansing
Measure of statistical dispersion
difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles of the data. To calculate the IQR, the data set is divided into quartiles, or four rank-ordered even parts
Interquartile_range
Task of finding records in a data set that refer to same entity across different sources
linkage (also known as data matching, data linkage, entity resolution, and many other terms) is the task of finding records in a data set that refer to the
Record_linkage
Discrete, discontinuous representation of information
Digital data or digital information, in information theory and information systems, is data or information represented as a string of discrete symbols
Digital_data
2006–2009 innovation competition
algorithm for predicting ratings by 10.06%. Netflix provided a training data set of 100,480,507 ratings that 480,189 users gave to 17,770 movies. Each training
Netflix_Prize
successors, the Volume Table of Contents (VTOC) is a data structure that provides a way of locating the data sets that reside on a particular DASD volume. With
Volume_Table_of_Contents
Using numbers to represent text characters
context of locales. IBM's Character Data Representation Architecture (CDRA) designates each entity with a coded character set identifier (CCSID), which is variously
Character_encoding
Longitudinal statistical study
panel data and longitudinal data are both multi-dimensional data involving measurements over time. Panel data is a subset of longitudinal data where observations
Panel_data
Type of information sanitization
from data sets, so that the people whom the data describe remain anonymous. Data anonymization has been defined as a "process by which personal data is
Data_anonymization
Origins and events of data
Data lineage refers to the process of tracking how data is generated, transformed, transmitted and used across systems over time. It documents data's
Data_lineage
Integration of multiple data sources to provide better information
this process is shown below where data set "α" is fused with data set β to form the fused data set δ. Data points in set "α" have spatial coordinates X and
Data_fusion
Method of curve fitting
fitting using linear polynomials to construct new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points. If the two known points are given by
Linear_interpolation
NIH-funded project to digitally image the human body
The Visible Human Project is an effort to create a detailed data set of cross-sectional photographs of the human body, in order to facilitate anatomy visualization
Visible_Human_Project
The Overhead Imagery Research Data Set (OIRDS) is a collection of an open-source, annotated, overhead images that computer vision researchers can use to
Overhead Imagery Research Data Set
Overhead_Imagery_Research_Data_Set
Statistic which divides data into four same-sized parts for analysis
median of a data set; thus 50% of the data lies below this point. The third quartile (Q3) is the 75th percentile, where the lowest 75% data lies below
Quartile
Restructuring data into a desired format
potential uses. Data wrangling typically follows a set of general steps which begin with extracting the data in a raw form from the data source, "munging"
Data_wrangling
Study of collection and analysis of data
involves the collection of data leading to a test of the relationship between two statistical data sets, or a data set and synthetic data drawn from an idealized
Statistics
Grouping a set of objects by similarity
Cluster analysis, or clustering, is a data analysis technique aimed at partitioning a set of objects into groups such that objects within the same group
Cluster_analysis
Type of data in finance
Alternative data (in finance) refers to data used to obtain insight into the investment process. These data sets are often used by hedge fund managers
Alternative_data_(finance)
Method for analysing qualitative data
in other research in the data-set or using existing theory as a lens through which to organise, code and interpret the data. Sometimes deductive approaches
Thematic_analysis
Data analysis process
analysis (MDA) is a data analysis process that groups data into two categories: data dimensions and measurements. For example, a data set consisting of the
Multidimensional_analysis
Data Facility products for OS/VS1 and MVS
Product (MVS/DFP) Version 3 Release 1.0 IBM Data Facility Data Set Services (DFDSS) Version 2 Release 4.0 IBM Data Facility Hierarchical Storage Manager (DFHSM)
Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem (MVS)
Data_Facility_Storage_Management_Subsystem_(MVS)
Identification number issued to U.S. health care providers
It is a frequently used data key in other data sources. For instance, the DocGraph data set is a crowdfunded open data set that details how healthcare
National_Provider_Identifier
Observation far apart from others in statistics and data science
result of experimental error; the latter are sometimes excluded from the data set. An outlier can be an indication of exciting possibility, but can also
Outlier
Type of average
available data set is small. Calculating the Bayesian average uses the prior mean m and a constant C. C is chosen based on the typical data set size required
Bayesian_average
Attribute of data
programming, a data type (or simply type) is a collection or grouping of data values, usually specified by a set of possible values, a set of allowed operations
Data_type
Review and adjustment of survey data
the data set by correct inconsistent data using the methods later in this article. The purpose is to control the quality of the collected data. Data editing
Data_editing
Middle quantile of a data set or probability distribution
set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set
Median
Data visualization
percentile): the lowest data point in the data set excluding any outliers Maximum (Q4 or 100th percentile): the highest data point in the data set excluding any
Box_plot
Classification system for nursing data
Minimum Data Set (NMDS) is a classification system which allows for the standardized collection of essential nursing data. The collected data are meant
Nursing_Minimum_Data_Set
Manipulation of data before it is analyzed
noise in order to arrive at better and improved results from the original data set which was noisy. This dataset also has some level of missing value present
Data_preprocessing
Approach of analyzing data sets in statistics
In statistics, exploratory data analysis (EDA) or exploratory analytics is an approach of analyzing data sets to summarize their main characteristics,
Exploratory_data_analysis
Matrix in which most of the elements are zero
and numerical analysis, which typically have a low density of significant data or connections. Large sparse matrices often appear in scientific or engineering
Sparse_matrix
Collection of statistical data sets
The Datasaurus dozen comprises thirteen data sets that have nearly identical simple descriptive statistics to two decimal places, yet have very different
Datasaurus_dozen
State of qualitative or quantitative pieces of information
external purpose. People's views on data quality can often be in disagreement, even when discussing the same set of data used for the same purpose. When this
Data_quality
Vector quantization algorithm minimizing the sum of squared deviations
algorithms maintain a set of data points the same size as the input data set. Initially, this set is copied from the input set. All points are then iteratively
K-means_clustering
Combining data from multiple sources
standardized data entities. As a result of recasting multiple data models, the set of recast data models will now share one or more commonality relationships
Data_integration
Topics referred to by the same term
are sets and total functions, respectively Set (abstract data type), a data type in computer science that is a collection of distinct values Set (C++)
Set
Social network
"Zachary's Karate Club data set 78 edges". Archived from the original on 2017-10-21. Retrieved 2017-10-21. "Zachary's Karate Club data set 77 edges". Archived
Zachary's_karate_club
Data structure used in image rendering
a level set is a data structure designed to represent discretely sampled dynamic level sets of functions. A common use of this form of data structure
Level_set_(data_structures)
Key result in general relativity
initial data set, one can define the energy-momentum of each infinite region as an element of Minkowski space. Provided that the initial data set is geodesically
Positive_energy_theorem
Variant of cubic interpolation that preserves monotonicity
is a variant of cubic interpolation that preserves monotonicity of the data set being interpolated. Monotonicity is preserved by linear interpolation but
Monotone_cubic_interpolation
Multinational technology company headquartered in Germany
artificial intelligence, big data analytics, rendering, and cloud computing. Services include a platform for processing large data sets. Formed in 2019 through
Northern_Data
Statistical method
number of resamples with replacement, of the observed data set (and of equal size to the observed data set). A key result in Efron's seminal paper that introduced
Bootstrapping_(statistics)
Project of the US National Institute of Standards and Technology
that is published and updated quarterly. This is called the Reference Data Set. The NSRL collects software from various sources and computes message digests
National Software Reference Library
National_Software_Reference_Library
Annotating computer-aided design models
within the 3D digital data set for components and assemblies. MBD uses such capabilities to establish the 3D digital data set as the source of these
Model-based_definition
Machine learning technique useful for dimensionality reduction
representation of a higher-dimensional data set while preserving the topological structure of the data. For example, a data set with p {\displaystyle p} variables
Self-organizing_map
Heuristic used in computer science
method is a heuristic used in determining the number of clusters in a data set. The method consists of plotting the explained variation as a function
Elbow_method_(clustering)
more) sets of data. In some cases, the data sets are paired, meaning there is an obvious and meaningful one-to-one correspondence between the data in the
Paired_data
Centralized storage of knowledge
raw data extracted from each of the disparate source data systems. The integration layer integrates disparate data sets by transforming the data from
Data_warehouse
Nanoparticle Data Set. v2. CSIRO. Data Collection. https://doi.org/10.25919/5d3958d9bf5f7 Barnard, Amanda; & Opletal, George (2019): Gold Nanoparticle Data Set. v1
List of datasets for machine-learning research
List_of_datasets_for_machine-learning_research
Non-existent island near New Caledonia
"undiscovered" it. The island was quickly removed from many maps and data sets, including those of the National Geographic Society and Google Maps. On
Sandy_Island,_New_Caledonia
Events unlikely to occur
activity data set would include instances of extreme earthquakes, as well as data on much lower-intensity seismic events). The following is a list of data sets
Rare_events
Practice of completely wiping data from a storage medium
Data sanitization involves the secure and permanent erasure of sensitive data from datasets and media to guarantee that no residual data can be recovered
Data_sanitization
data is then assigned class labels that describe a set of attributes for the corresponding data sets. The goal is to provide meaningful class attributes
Data classification (data management)
Data_classification_(data_management)
Collection and manipulation of items of data to produce meaningful information
different sets." Summarization (statistical) or (automatic) – reducing detailed data to its main points. Aggregation – combining multiple pieces of data. Analysis
Data_processing
Least variables needed to represent data
compress a data set into through dimension reduction, but it can also be used as a measure of the complexity of the data set or signal. For a data set or signal
Intrinsic_dimension
Commercial modem
The Bell 101 Data Set was the first commercial modem for computers, released by AT&T Corporation in September 25, 1958 for use by SAGE, and made commercially
Bell_101
to the United States Department of Education (USDoE) under the Common Data Set program. Campuses that have small secondary physical locations (<10% total
List of United States public university campuses by enrollment
List_of_United_States_public_university_campuses_by_enrollment
Difference between a variable's observed value and a reference value
each data point is calculated by subtracting the mean of the data set from the individual data point. Mathematically, the deviation d of a data point
Deviation_(statistics)
Representing a 3D-modeled object or dataset as a 2D projection
is a set of techniques used to display a 2D projection of a 3D discretely sampled data set, typically a 3D scalar field. A typical 3D data set is a group
Volume_rendering
Compact encoding of digital data
training data set, making it possible that the Chinchilla 70B model is only an efficient compression tool on data it has already been trained on. Data compression
Data_compression
Data protection process
identity-data if they had some degree of knowledge of the identities in the production data-set. Accordingly, data obfuscation or masking of a data-set applies
Data_masking
Infrastructure (ESS ERIC) (2025) ESS11 - integrated file, edition 3.0 [Data set]". Sikt - Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research
Religion_in_Belgium
Field of research
data used within this field. Big data does not necessarily refer to a large data set, it can have a data set with millions of rows, but also a data set
Critical_data_studies
Act of making research datasets available
for use by others. It is a practice consisting in preparing certain data or data set(s) for public use thus to make them available to everyone to use as
Data_publishing
Data used to classify or categorize other data
Reference data sets are sometimes alternatively referred to as a "controlled vocabulary" or "lookup" data. Reference data differs from master data. While
Reference_data
country of WHO. Minimum Data Set (MDS), US National Minimum Data Set for Social Care (NMDS-SC), England Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS), US New Zealand
National_minimum_dataset
The National Minimum Data Set for Social Care (NMDS-SC) gathers information about the social care workforce to help employers with workforce planning in
National Minimum Data Set for Social Care
National_Minimum_Data_Set_for_Social_Care
Application of a function to each point in a data set
statistics, data transformation is the application of a deterministic mathematical function to each point in a data set—that is, each data point zi is
Data transformation (statistics)
Data_transformation_(statistics)
Number taken as representative of a list of numbers
attempts to summarize or typify a given group of data, illustrating the magnitude and sign of the data set. Which of these measures is most illuminating
Average
Software designed for managing workflows involving analysis of large data sets
Data version control is a method of working with data sets. It is similar to the version control systems used in traditional software development, but
Data_version_control
Graphical technique for data sets
A plot is a graphical technique for representing a data set, usually as a graph showing the relationship between two or more variables. The plot can be
Plot_(graphics)
Public university system in Florida
Common Data Set FAMU" (PDF). Retrieved January 16, 2023. "2021-22 Common Data Set USF" (PDF). Retrieved January 16, 2023. "2021-22 Common Data Set FAU"
State University System of Florida
State_University_System_of_Florida
The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) is a digital database of 261 million weather observations made by ships, weather ships
International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
International_Comprehensive_Ocean-Atmosphere_Data_Set
Property of a model
greater variance to the model fit each time we take a set of samples to create a new training data set. It is said that there is greater variance in the model's
Bias–variance_tradeoff
Data whose unit can take on only two possible states
are A and B, then the data set A, A, B can be represented in counts as (1, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1). Once converted to counts, binary data can be grouped and the
Binary_data
Dataset of images
Caltech 101 is a data set of digital images created in September 2003 and compiled by Fei-Fei Li, Marco Andreetto, Marc 'Aurelio Ranzato and Pietro Perona
Caltech_101
Non-parametric classification method
input consists of the k closest training examples in a data set. The neighbors are taken from a set of objects for which the class (for k-NN classification)
K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance