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The Data Reference Model (DRM) is one of the five reference models of the Federal Enterprise Architecture. The DRM is a framework whose primary purpose
Data_Reference_Model
Model of communication of seven abstraction layers
interconnection." In the OSI reference model, the components of a communication system are distinguished in seven abstraction layers: Physical, Data Link, Network,
OSI_model
Creating a model of the data in a system
data model may require multiple logical data models. The last step in data modeling is transforming the logical data model to a physical data model that
Data_modeling
Abstract model
A data model is an abstract model that organizes elements of data and standardizes how they relate to one another and to the properties of real-world
Data_model
Database modeling method
Datavault or data vault modeling is a database modeling method that is designed to provide long-term historical storage of data coming in from multiple
Data_vault_modeling
Data used to classify or categorize other data
Reference data is data used to classify or categorize other data. Typically, they are static or slowly changing over time. Examples of reference data
Reference_data
Standardised data model for information exchange
common data model (CDM) can refer to any standardised data model which allows for data and information exchange between different applications and data sources
Common_data_model
Abstract model used as reference
A reference model—in systems, enterprise, and software engineering—is an abstract framework or domain-specific ontology consisting of an interlinked set
Reference_model
Reference enterprise architecture of a federal government
performance reference model, business reference model, service component reference model, data reference model and technical reference model. It is designed
Federal enterprise architecture
Federal_enterprise_architecture
Conceptual model of bibliographic information
The IFLA Library Reference Model (IFLA LRM) is a conceptual entity–relationship model developed by the International Federation of Library Associations
IFLA_Library_Reference_Model
Database model
data model (SDM) is a high-level semantics-based database description and structuring formalism (database model) for databases. This database model is
Semantic_data_model
Performance Reference Model (PRM) Business Reference Model (BRM) Service Component Reference Model (SRM) Technical Reference Model (TRM) Data Reference Model (DRM)
Business_reference_model
A reference atmospheric model describes how the ideal gas properties (namely: pressure, temperature, density, and molecular weight) of an atmosphere change
Reference_atmospheric_model
Framework for communication protocols used in IP networking
Force (IETF). The Internet protocol suite predates the OSI model, a more comprehensive reference framework for general networking systems. The Internet protocol
Internet_protocol_suite
Theoretical framework
object-role modeling, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Data flow modeling (DFM) is a basic conceptual modeling technique that graphically represents
Conceptual_model
Knowledge representation language
The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) provides an extensible ontology for concepts and information in cultural heritage and museum documentation
CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model
CIDOC_Conceptual_Reference_Model
Design of geospatial data storage
A geographic data model, geospatial geographical measurements, or simply data from modules in the context of geographic information systems (GIS), is a
Data_model_(GIS)
Flight instrument
air data inertial reference unit (ADIRU) is a key component of the integrated air data inertial reference system (ADIRS), which supplies air data (airspeed
Air data inertial reference unit
Air_data_inertial_reference_unit
The Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA) is a digital elevation model (DEM) that covers almost the entire continent of Antarctica at a resolution
Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica
Reference_Elevation_Model_of_Antarctica
reference model is an example of a reference model for information visualization, developed by Ed Chi in 1999, under the name of the data state model
Information visualization reference model
Information_visualization_reference_model
Generalization of a conventional data model with standardised general relation types
Generic data models are generalizations of conventional data models. They define standardised general relation types, together with the kinds of things
Generic_data_model
Protocol for communicating between LLMs and applications
intelligence (AI) systems like large language models (LLMs) integrate and share data with external tools, systems, and data sources. MCP provides a standardized
Model_Context_Protocol
Standard data modeling language for product data
language defined in ISO 10303-11, the EXPRESS Language Reference Manual. An EXPRESS data model can be defined in two ways, textually and graphically.
EXPRESS (data modeling language)
EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)
standard data model, or simply standard data model, is a data model that is widely used in a particular industry. The use of standard data models makes the
Industry_standard_data_model
Model or diagram describing interrelated things
of what is to be included within the model set. The conceptual ER model normally defines master reference data entities that are commonly used by the
Entity–relationship_model
Reference model for enterprise architecture
Physical and Logical Architectures. Purdue Reference Model for CIM including Generic Reference Data Flow Models. Example Logical System Architectures from
Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture
Purdue_Enterprise_Reference_Architecture
Communications enerprise frameworks
Information Framework (formally Shared Information/Data Model or SID) is a unified reference data model providing a single set of terms for business objects
Frameworx
Enterprise data modelling or enterprise data modeling (EDM) is the practice of creating a graphical model of the data used by an enterprise or company
Enterprise_data_modelling
The OGC Reference Model describes a framework for the ongoing work of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and their specifications and implementing interoperable
OGC_Reference_Model
Representation of an organization's data
opposed to a conceptual data model, which describes the semantics of an organization without reference to technology. Logical data models represent the abstract
Logical_schema
Database design tool
Toad Data Modeler is a database design tool allowing users to visually create, maintain, and document new or existing database systems, and to deploy changes
Toad_Data_Modeler
Values that a data element may contain
The data domain for the marital status column is: "M", "S". In a normalized data model, the reference domain is typically specified in a reference table
Data_domain
Systems analysis concept
logical model database tables is sometimes referred to as a HasAndBelongsToMany (HABTM) relationship. Associative entity One-to-one (data model) One-to-many
Many-to-many_(data_model)
Temporal limit of a model's knowledge
(or data cutoff) is the point in time beyond which a model has not been trained on new data. The term is used in reference to a large language model. Any
Knowledge_cutoff
Design pattern used to communicate between different data formats
A canonical model is a design pattern used to communicate between different data formats. Essentially: create a data model which is a superset of all the
Canonical_model
The Global Justice XML Data Model (GJXDM or Global JXDM) is a data reference model for the exchange of information within the justice and public safety
Global_Justice_XML_Data_Model
Relational database programming language
Codd's relational model. The model was described in his influential 1970 paper, "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks". Despite not
SQL
Topics referred to by the same term
the acronym by the Defective by Design movement Data Reference Model, one of the five reference models of the Federal Enterprise Architecture Digital Radio
DRM
Process reference model
The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model is a process reference model originally developed and endorsed by the Supply Chain Council, now a part
Supply chain operations reference
Supply_chain_operations_reference
Type of data modeling language
Information Modeling (IDEF1X) is a data modeling language for the development of semantic data models. IDEF1X is used to produce a graphical information model which
IDEF1X
Standard for e-learning
Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) is a collection of standards and specifications for web-based electronic educational technology (also
Sharable Content Object Reference Model
Sharable_Content_Object_Reference_Model
Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions
Data_analysis
The term Digital Earth Reference Model (DERM) was coined by Tim Foresman in context with a vision for an all encompassing geospatial platform as an abstract
Digital_Earth_Reference_Model
Organized collection of data in computing
post-relational. The two main early navigational data models were the hierarchical model and the CODASYL model (network model). These were characterized by the use
Database
Type of machine learning model
large relative to the computational and data constraints of their time. In the early 1990s, IBM's statistical models pioneered word alignment techniques for
Large_language_model
Independent Reference Model (I.R.M.) is a conceptual model used in the analysis of storage system: disk drives, caches, etc. Under this model the references to
Independent_Reference_Model
Case of database modeling
Bitemporal modeling is a specific case of temporal database information modeling technique designed to handle historical data along two different timelines
Bitemporal_modeling
Reference model for enterprise architecture
Open-system environment (OSE) reference model (RM) or OSE reference model (OSE/RM) is a 1990 reference model for enterprise architecture. It provides a
Open-system environment reference model
Open-system_environment_reference_model
Tree-like structure for data
A hierarchical database model is a data model in which the data is organized into a tree-like structure. The data are stored as records which is a collection
Hierarchical_database_model
Process for digital management of built assets
Building information models (BIMs) are computer files (often but not always in proprietary formats and containing proprietary data) which can be extracted
Building_information_modeling
Class of statistical survival models
survival data is called application of the Cox proportional hazards model, sometimes abbreviated to Cox model or to proportional hazards model. However
Proportional_hazards_model
Markup language which enables the management and distribution of weather data
The Weather Information Exchange Model (WXXM) is designed to enable the management and distribution of weather data in digital format (XML). WXXM version
WXXM_(data_model)
Database model
The relational model (RM) is an approach to managing data using a structure and language consistent with first-order predicate logic, first described in
Relational_model
Technique for the generative modeling of a continuous probability distribution
model models data as generated by a diffusion process, whereby a new datum performs a random walk with drift through the space of all possible data.
Diffusion_model
Reference library for performance metrics
metrics reference model (MRM) is the reference model created by the Consortium for Advanced Management-International (CAM-I) to be a single reference library
Metrics_Reference_Model
Data warehousing schema
or star model is the simplest style of data mart schema and is the approach most widely used to develop data warehouses and dimensional data marts. The
Star_schema
SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character
List of XML and HTML character entity references
List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references
Reference model for military vehicles
The 4D/RCS Reference Model Architecture is a reference model for military unmanned vehicles on how their software components should be identified and
4D-RCS Reference Model Architecture
4D-RCS_Reference_Model_Architecture
Open-source large language model
culturally and linguistically accurate model for the world's 400 million Arabic speakers. Its name is a reference to Jebel Jais, the highest mountain in
Jais_(language_model)
Standard model of the structure of Earth's magnetic field
created by fitting parameters of a mathematical model of the magnetic field to measured magnetic field data from surveys, observatories and satellites across
International Geomagnetic Reference Field
International_Geomagnetic_Reference_Field
Algorithmically generated data that have a similar distribution as sampled data
validate mathematical models and to train machine learning models. Data generated by a computer simulation can be seen as synthetic data. This encompasses
Synthetic_data
Degradation of AI models trained on synthetic data
machine learning models gradually degrade due to errors coming from uncurated synthetic data, or due to training on the outputs of another model such as prior
Model_collapse
Baseball statistics database
variety of data sources. In 2004, Forman founded Sports Reference. Sports Reference is a website that came out of the Baseball Reference website. The
Baseball_Reference
Type of data model
database model is a type of data model that determines the logical structure of a database. It fundamentally determines in which manner data can be stored
Database_model
Machine learning technique
(high reward) or bad (low reward) based on ranking data collected from human annotators. This model then serves as a reward function to improve an agent's
Reinforcement learning from human feedback
Reinforcement_learning_from_human_feedback
Arrangement of information or data, typically in rows and columns
information or data, typically in rows and columns, or possibly in a more complex structure. Tables are widely used in communication, research, and data analysis
Table_(information)
Type of data model
entity–attribute–value model (EAV) is a data model optimized for the space-efficient storage of sparse—or ad-hoc—property or data values, intended for situations
Entity–attribute–value_model
Data professional role relating to data governance practice
definitions, related rules/governance, physical manifestation, and related data models (most of these properties being specific to an attribute/concept relationship)
Data_steward
Change of statistical properties over time
analytics, data science, machine learning and related fields, concept drift or drift is an evolution of data that invalidates the data model. It happens
Concept_drift
reduce the need for performing data model transformation when services exchange messages that reference the same data model. The interaction between services
Canonical_schema_pattern
Statistical model
generalized linear models the idea of extending linear mixed models to non-normal data. Generalized linear mixed models provide a broad range of models for the analysis
Generalized linear mixed model
Generalized_linear_mixed_model
Artificial intelligence model paradigm
Research on Foundation Models (CRFM) coined the term "foundation model" in August 2021 to mean "any model that is trained on broad data (generally using self-supervision
Foundation_model
Flaw in mathematical modelling
therefore fail to fit to additional data or predict future observations reliably. An overfitted model is a mathematical model that contains more parameters
Overfitting
or Joint Consultation, Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model is a model that, when implemented, aims to enable the interoperability of systems
JC3IEDM
Large language model by Meta AI
three model sizes: 7, 13, and 70 billion parameters. The model architecture remains largely unchanged from that of Llama 1 models, but 40% more data was
Llama_(language_model)
Data processing technique to eliminate duplicate copies of repeating data
all at once at a central referenced location. Examples are CSS classes and named references in MediaWiki. Storage-based data deduplication reduces the
Data_deduplication
High-level database design model
A conceptual schema or conceptual data model is a high-level description of informational needs underlying the design of a database. It typically includes
Conceptual_schema
Cloud computing term regarding readily-available data for consumers
APIs have rendered the platform on which the data resides as irrelevant. Data as a service as a business model is a concept when two or more organizations
Data_as_a_service
European Reference Data Model for Public Transport Information
Transmodel, also known as Reference Data Model For Public Transport (EN 12896), is a European Standard for modelling and exchanging public transport information
Transmodel
Core architecture data model (CADM) in enterprise architecture is a logical data model of information used to describe and build architectures. The CADM
Core_architecture_data_model
The Seabed Survey Data Model (SSDM) is an industry standard data model for how seabed survey data is stored and managed by oil and gas companies. The
Seabed_Survey_Data_Model
Study of collection and analysis of data
collection of data leading to a test of the relationship between two statistical data sets, or a data set and synthetic data drawn from an idealized model. A hypothesis
Statistics
Statistical data type
There are several different models that can be used to describe the structure of ordinal data. Four major classes of model are described below, each defined
Ordinal_data
Type of mathematical model
statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a
Statistical_model
Form of causal modeling that fit networks of constructs to data
observed data in terms of a smaller number of 'structural' parameters defined by a hypothesized underlying conceptual or theoretical model". SEM involves
Structural_equation_modeling
Abstract representation of an organization
Enterprise modelling is the process of building models of whole or part of an enterprise with process models, data models, resource models and/or new
Enterprise_modelling
Statistical concept
model is a probabilistic model for representing the presence of subpopulations within an overall population, without requiring that an observed data set
Mixture_model
Representation of a data design
A physical data model (or database design) is a representation of a data design as implemented, or intended to be implemented, in a database management
Physical_schema
Data organized by tags but not tables
data is a form of structured data that does not obey the tabular structure of data models associated with relational databases or other forms of data
Semi-structured_data
Model in software engineering
engineering, a domain model is a conceptual model of the domain that incorporates both behavior and data. In ontology engineering, a domain model is a formal representation
Domain_model
Query language
Data Mining Extensions (DMX) is a query language for data mining models supported by Microsoft's SQL Server Analysis Services product. Like SQL, it supports
Data_Mining_Extensions
AI that generates content
that uses generative models to generate text, images, videos, audio, software code (vibe coding) or other forms of data. These models learn the underlying
Generative_AI
observed data. Usually, scholars do not know the real data generating model and instead rely on assumptions, approximations, or inferred models to analyze
Data_generating_process
Method in computer modeling
is used to update model states, model trajectories over time, model parameters, and combinations thereof. What distinguishes data assimilation from other
Data_assimilation
by corresponding two- and three-dimensional spatial data and geo-referenced data. 3D city models support presentation, exploration, analysis, and management
3D_city_model
made by the model, the encoder can usually transmit the content of the data at a lower information cost, by making reference to the model. This general
Adaptive_coding
File format for encoding linked data
provenance information. A JSON-LD serialization of the PROV data model, PROV-JSONLD, allows provenance data to be exchanged as JSON while preserving RDF semantics
JSON-LD
Computer security model
The security model relies on not being able to forge references. Objects can interact only by sending messages on references. A reference can be obtained
Object-capability_model
Sequence of data points over time
time series data in order to extract meaningful statistics and other characteristics of the data. Time series forecasting is the use of a model to predict
Time_series
Standard for data integration
the present ISO 15926 developers. Having developed a generic data model and reference data library for process plants, it turned out that this subject
ISO_15926
DATA REFERENCE-MODEL
DATA REFERENCE-MODEL
Female
Hungarian
 Short form of Hungarian Katalin, KATA means "pure." Compare with other forms of Kata.
Male
Hebrew
(דֶּרַע) Hebrew name DARA means "the arm." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Zerah. Compare with other forms of Dara.
Female
Hebrew
(×“Ö¼Ö¸× Ö¸×”) Feminine form of Hebrew Dan, DANA means "judge." Compare with other forms of Dana.
Male
Turkish
Turkish name ATA means "ancestor."
Male
Iranian/Persian
 Short form of Persian Dârayavahush, DARA means "possesses a lot, wealthy." Compare with other forms of Dara.
Female
Hindi/Indian
(लता) Hindi name derived from a plant name, from the Sanskrit word lata, LATA means "creeper," in reference to a creeping plant.
Female
English
 English surname transferred to unisex forename use, possibly DANA means "from Denmark." Compare with other forms of Dana.
Female
Hebrew
(דִּיתָה) Pet form of Hebrew Yehuwdiyth, DITA means "Jewess" or "praised." Compare with another form of Dita.
Female
Russian
 Short form of Russian Yekaterina, KATA means "pure." Compare with other forms of Kata.
Male
English
English surname transferred to unisex forename use, possibly DANA means "from Denmark."
Female
English
 Middle English name DARA means "brave, daring." Compare with another form of Dara.
Female
Finnish
Variant form of Finnish Aada, AATA means "noble."
Female
Finnish
 Short form of Finnish Katariina, KATA means "pure." Compare with other forms of Kata.
Female
Polish
Short form of Polish Edyta, DYTA means "rich battle."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Preference
Female
Slavic
 Short form of Slavic Bogdana, DANA means "gift from God." Compare with other forms of Dana.
Male
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Dathan, DATAN means "belonging to a fountain."
Male
Irish
Irish Gaelic name MAC DARA means "son of oak." This is the name of a patron saint and is still common in Ireland, especially in Connemara.
Male
Irish
 From Irish Gaelic Mac Dara, DARA means "son of oak." Compare with other forms of Dara.
Female
Polish
 Variant spelling of Polish Dyta, DITA means "rich battle." Compare with another form of Dita.
DATA REFERENCE-MODEL
DATA REFERENCE-MODEL
Girl/Female
Latin
Worthy.
Girl/Female
Arthurian Legend
Lover of Tristan.
Male
Polish
Polish form of German Konrad, KONDRAT means "bold counsel."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Enslow.
Girl/Female
Egyptian
Patient.
Girl/Female
Indian
Believer
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Firm; The Polar Star; Constant; Faithful
Boy/Male
Muslim
New-born child
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Welsh
Speaker; Enthusiastic; Stream; Advice
Girl/Female
Scottish
From the moor.
DATA REFERENCE-MODEL
DATA REFERENCE-MODEL
DATA REFERENCE-MODEL
DATA REFERENCE-MODEL
DATA REFERENCE-MODEL
n.
The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court.
n.
The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision.
v. t.
To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and affection mingled with fear; to venerate.
n.
A yielding of judgment or preference from respect to the wishes or opinion of another; submission in opinion; regard; respect; complaisance.
n.
One who regards with reverence.
v. t.
To note the time of writing or executing; to express in an instrument the time of its execution; as, to date a letter, a bond, a deed, or a charter.
imp. & p. p.
of Reverence
n. pl.
See Datum.
n.
The fruit of the date palm; also, the date palm itself.
n.
That addition to a writing, inscription, coin, etc., which specifies the time (as day, month, and year) when the writing or inscription was given, or executed, or made; as, the date of a letter, of a will, of a deed, of a coin. etc.
pl.
of Datum
n.
That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.
n.
The act of Preferring, or the state of being preferred; the setting of one thing before another; precedence; higher estimation; predilection; choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; as, to give him his preference.
n.
That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as, which is your preference?
n.
A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.
n.
That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend character; dignity; state.
n.
Appeal.
n.
The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance.
v. t.
To note or fix the time of, as of an event; to give the date of; as, to date the building of the pyramids.
n.
The point of time at which a transaction or event takes place, or is appointed to take place; a given point of time; epoch; as, the date of a battle.