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Conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen
Dark fermentation is the fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen. It is a complex process manifested by diverse groups of bacteria
Dark_fermentation
Metabolic redox process producing energy in the absence of oxygen
Fermentation is a type of anaerobic metabolism that harnesses the redox potential of the reactants to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and organic end
Fermentation
Industrial production of molecular hydrogen
Biochemical routes to hydrogen are classified as dark and photo fermentation processes. In dark fermentation, carbohydrates are converted to hydrogen by fermentative
Hydrogen_production
Type of beer brewed using a warm fermentation method
Ale is a style of beer, brewed using a warm fermentation method. In medieval England, the term referred to a drink brewed without hops. As with most beers
Ale
Photofermentation differs from dark fermentation because it only proceeds in the presence of light. For example, photo-fermentation with Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Photofermentation
Anionic polyelectrolyte polymer
polyacrylate prevents and negatively affects H2 production from the dark fermentation of WDD. To be specific, WDD represents 7% of urban solid refuse and
Sodium_polyacrylate
Type of beer brewed by cold fermentation
Brewery in Munich by Carl von Linde in 1870. Lager uses a process of cool fermentation, followed by maturation in cold storage. The German word "Lager" means
Lager
Single chain calcium inosilicate (CaSiO3)
metallurgical applications.[citation needed] Wallastonite is used in a dark fermentation process that produces hydrogen gas from organic substrates under oxygen-free
Wollastonite
diffusers Composting toilet Constructed wetland Cross-flow filtration Dark fermentation Decanter centrifuge Decentralized wastewater system Diffuser (sewage)
List of wastewater treatment technologies
List_of_wastewater_treatment_technologies
Tea that has undergone microbial fermentation
tea (also known as post-fermented tea or dark tea) is a class of tea that has undergone microbial fermentation, from several months to many years. The
Fermented_tea
Type of bread
is referred to as a starter. In addition to leavening the bread, the fermentation process produces lactic acid, which gives the bread its distinctive sour
Sourdough
Fermentative hydrogen production is one of several anaerobic conversions. Dark fermentation reactions do not require light energy. These are capable of constantly
Fermentative hydrogen production
Fermentative_hydrogen_production
Liquid consisting mainly of acetic acid and water
acetic acid by volume. Usually, the acetic acid is produced by a double fermentation—converting simple sugars to ethanol using yeast, and then converting
Vinegar
East Asian liquid condiment
dark brown color. Lactic acid bacteria ferments the sugars into lactic acid and yeast makes ethanol, which through aging and secondary fermentation makes
Soy_sauce
Variety of fermented tea produced in Yunnan Province, China
complex fermentation process. In the context of traditional Chinese tea production terminology, fermentation refers to microbial fermentation (called
Pu'er_tea
Hydrogen produced by renewable energy
Hydrogen Production: Leveraging algae and bacteria in biophotolysis or dark fermentation are under active research investigation. While environmentally promising
Green_hydrogen
Distilled alcoholic beverage from Mexico
rate of fermentation. When inoculum is added, fermentation can take approximately 20 hours to 3 days. If inoculum is not added, fermentation could take
Tequila
Informal group of fungi
carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and alcohols through the process of fermentation. The products of this reaction have been used in baking and the production
Yeast
Distilled alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane
flavors are added after fermentation and distillation.[citation needed] Spiced rums are flavored with spices. Most are darker in color than other rums
Rum
Alcoholic beverage made from honey
suggests that adding micronutrients does not reduce fermentation time or improved quality when using dark honey varieties, which can often be naturally rich
Mead
Traditional Japanese seasoning
miso is salty, but its flavor and aroma depend on the ingredients and fermentation process. Different varieties of miso have been variously described as
Miso
Process in beer production
main fermentation methods: warm, cool and spontaneous. Fermentation may take place in an open or closed fermenting vessel; a secondary fermentation may
Brewing
Fermented milk drink made from kefir grains
preferably in the dark to prevent degradation of light-sensitive vitamins. After a period between 12 and 24 hours of fermentation at mild temperature
Kefir
Refinery that converts biomass to energy and other beneficial byproducts
other mixed culture anaerobic fermentation technologies was studied; the highest profit is obtained by dark fermentation of food waste with separation
Biorefinery
Soy product from Java, Indonesia
controlled fermentation process that binds soybeans into a cake form. A fungus, Rhizopus oligosporus or Rhizopus oryzae, is used in the fermentation process
Tempeh
Fermented tea beverage
US$1.7 billion as of 2019[update]. Kombucha is produced by symbiotic fermentation of sugared tea using a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY)
Kombucha
Alcoholic drink made from fermented cereal grains
Beer is an alcoholic beverage produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches from cereal grain—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize
Beer
Farm management process
Agriculture portal Agricultural waste Agricultural surface runoff Dark fermentation Sustainable agriculture Reed, Sherwood C. (1988). Natural systems
Agricultural wastewater treatment
Agricultural_wastewater_treatment
Wine made from dark-colored grape varieties
fermentation vessel, yeast naturally present on the skins of the grapes, or in the environment, will sooner or later start the alcoholic fermentation
Red_wine
Genus of bacteria
species can be supported by anoxygenic photoorganotrophy, anaerobic-dark fermentation, or aerobic respiration. The species R. fermentans and R. antarcticus
Rhodoferax
Style of spontaneously fermented beer
critical feature of the style, the key yeasts and bacteria that perform the fermentation reside within the breweries' timber fermenting vessels. Over 80 microorganisms
Lambic
Bio-electrochemical system
Renewable energy portal Bacterial nanowires Biobattery Cable bacteria Dark fermentation Electrohydrogenesis Electromethanogenesis Fermentative hydrogen production
Microbial_fuel_cell
Sweetened carbonated beverage
soft drink. Historically it was a type of beer brewed by the natural fermentation of prepared ginger spice, yeast and sugar. Modern ginger beers are often
Ginger_beer
Fermented flatbread from Ethiopia and Eritrea
yellow liquid surfacing after 30–33 hours of fermentation, which is discarded. After the primary fermentation, a portion of the dough is added to water and
Injera
Technologies that relating to the production & use of hydrogen
(cryogenic rocket engine for upper stage of GSLV-III) Anaerobic digestion Dark fermentation Photofermentation Syngas Generation IV reactor Hydrogen bomb Dehydrogenation
Hydrogen_technologies
Production of wine
the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid. The history of
Winemaking
Spanish fortified wine from white grapes
oxidise slightly as they age, giving them a darker colour. Because the fortification takes place after fermentation, most sherries are initially dry, with
Sherry
Belgian beer
ChefsBest). Dark with caramel-colored foam head. Akin to the other special beers of the Brewery Van Steenberge, Gulden Draak is a high fermentation beer with
Gulden_Draak
Fermented alcoholic beverage from apple juice
northern Spain (specifically Asturias, Basque Country). Due to their fermentation, ciders can be thought of as a fruit wine of apples, though exact definitions
Cider
Beer brewed in part with wheat
are used which produce overtones of banana and clove as by-products of fermentation. Historically, Bavarian Weißbier was either brewed with a large share
Wheat_beer
Alcoholic drink made from grapes
of residual sugar left after fermentation. Dessert wines have a high level of residual sugar remaining after fermentation. There are several ways of making
Wine
microorganisms. In this context, fermentation typically refers to the fermentation of sugar to alcohol using yeast, but other fermentation processes involve the
List_of_fermented_foods
Warm fermentation is referred to as top or high fermentation for Trappist beers, white beers, ale, most other special beers Mixed fermentation for "old-brown"
Beer_in_Belgium
Dark German lager
it its dark colour. Schwarzbiers are made using a cool fermentation method, which classes them as lager, though historically warm fermentation was used
Schwarzbier
Types of beer
10 °C (50 °F), and can process raffinose, a complex sugar created during fermentation. These yeasts collect at the bottom of the fermenting beer and are therefore
Beer_style
Sweet savory sauce in China and Korea
as miangua and then bound and hung in a cool, dark place until completely dried. During the fermentation process, the glucose and maltose give the paste
Tianmian_sauce
Brand of Indian Whisky
After Dark is a brand of Indian whisky, manufactured by Radico Khaitan. The whisky was test marketed in 2010, and rolled out nationwide in India by September
After_Dark_(whisky)
Alcoholic beverage of Japanese origin
in fruit, typically grapes. This process is called Multiple Parallel Fermentation. Although similar, the brewing process for sake differs from the process
Sake
Species of flowering plant
Sicilian or Greek fermentation: Applied to green, semiripe and ripe olives, they are almost identical to the Spanish type fermentation process, but the
Olive
Food waste processing technique involving fermentation
superfluous, as they will first be suppressed by the dark and anaerobic environment of homolactic fermentation, then killed by its lactic acid. Consequently
Bokashi_(horticulture)
Viscous by-product of the refining of sugarcane, grapes, or sugar beets into sugar
as an animal feed additive (known as molassed sugar beet feed) or a fermentation feedstock. In animal feed, it provides energy and minerals, increases
Molasses
Beer with high hop content
aromas, and fermented at temperatures warmer than commonly used for lager fermentation (14-17°C). Double IPAs (also referred to as Imperial IPAs) are a stronger
India_pale_ale
Indian microbiologist
Jianfei (1 April 2020). "Simultaneous biohydrogen production from dark fermentation of duckweed and waste utilization for microalgal lipid production"
Pratyoosh_Shukla
Microbrewery located in Blumenau, Brazil
produces beer following the Reinheitsgebot, with a variety of flavours and fermentations. "Eisenbahn" means railroad in German and refers to a station that was
Eisenbahn
Soft drink flavoured with ginger
carbonation comes from the yeast fermentation as opposed to carbonating the finished product. Ethanol, as a byproduct of fermentation, will be present in the ginger
Ginger_ale
Israeli statesman and British chemist (1874–1952)
considered to be the 'father' of industrial fermentation. He developed the acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation process, which produces acetone, n-butanol
Chaim_Weizmann
Genus of fungi
In a detail that reflects Cordyceps biology, "clickers" then seek out a dark place in which to die and release the fungal spores, enabling the parasite
Cordyceps
Culture medium in microbiology
of enteric bacteria microbes in a short period of time. Rapid lactose fermentation produces acids, which lower the pH. This encourages dye absorption by
Eosin_methylene_blue
Traditional staple food in the Polynesian diet
this fermentation process depends upon the bacterial level present in the poi, but the souring process can be slowed by storing poi in a cool, dark location
Poi_(Hawaiian_food)
Cheese with blue veins of mold
consists of two phases: the culturing of suitable spore-rich inocula and fermentation for maximum, typical flavor. In the first phase of production, a Penicillium
Blue_cheese
Brewery near Cooperstown, New York
primary fermentation. Nov 2013.) Ommegang Adoration (Belgian-style Strong Winter Ale, 10% ABV) Ommegang Art of Darkness (a Belgian-style dark ale, 8.9%
Brewery_Ommegang
Fermented foods made from ground soybeans
reddish brown and dark brown. The differences in colour are due to different production methods, such as the conditions of fermentation, the addition of
Fermented_bean_paste
Sweet and viscous substance made by bees
fermentation. If exposed to moist air, its hydrophilic properties pull moisture into the honey, eventually diluting it to the point that fermentation
Honey
Method of processing tea leaves into dried leaves for brewing tea
collectively referred to as secondary or post-fermentation teas in English. In Chinese they are categorized as Dark tea or black tea. This is not to be confused
Tea_processing
Wine with an added distilled beverage
continuous still, rather than a pot still. When added to wine before the fermentation process is complete, the alcohol in the distilled beverage kills the
Fortified_wine
Portion of plant-derived food that cannot be completely digested
dietary fiber after fermentation. the bacterial mass. There may also be an added osmotic effect of products of bacterial fermentation on fecal mass. Preliminary
Dietary_fiber
Wine fermented without skin contact
straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold. It is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of the noncolored pulp of grapes, which may have a skin of any color
White_wine
Dark-colored vinegar in Chinese cuisine
vinegar production. Earthenware jar fermentation One of the defining features of Fukuyama Kurozu is its fermentation in outdoor earthenware jars known as
Black_vinegar
seed fat, and soybean dark oil. The use of most of these substrates have resulted in lower yields compared to traditional fermentation substrates. To enhance
Sophorolipid
Type of Korean earthenware
onggi pots for the fermentation process. Other foods and items can also be stored in containers originally meant for fermentation, such as tobacco, candlesticks
Onggi
Australian beer
and Queensland. It is made with top fermentation ale yeast, lightly hopped with black malt giving it a very dark, almost blackish, colour. The beer was
Tooheys_Old
Portuguese fortified wine
distinctive winemaking method: the early interruption of the wine's fermentation process via the introduction of a neutral grape spirit. This process
Port_wine
Spanish white wine
from Huelva is usually dark orange to brown in color. The brown color is a result of sun drying of the grapes prior to fermentation. Moscatel Naranja or
Vino_de_naranja
Procedure of preserving food in brine or vinegar
of preserving or extending the shelf life of food by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar. The pickling procedure typically affects
Pickling
Distilled alcoholic beverage
unifying characteristics of the different classes and types are the fermentation of grains, distillation, and aging in wooden barrels. The word whisky
Whisky
French sparkling wine
designated places within it, specific grape-pressing methods and secondary fermentation of the wine in the bottle to cause carbonation. The grapes Pinot noir
Champagne
Type of tobacco from Louisiana
as Perique in 1824 through the labor-intensive technique of pressure-fermentation. It is reported by John C. Leffingwell, PhD, an authority on tobacco
Perique
Spicy fermented Korean condiment
cooked glutinous rice, cultured with saccharifying enzymes during the fermentation process. Traditionally, it would be naturally fermented over years in
Gochujang
French wine
created by adding fortifying spirits, such as brandy, to the wine in mid-fermentation. This halts the activities of the wine yeast leaving the wine with "natural"
Maury_AOC
Inhibition of microbial growth in food
substance), resulting in their "inorganic" fermentation through raised pH instead of spoiling. The fermentation preserves them and breaks down some of the
Food_preservation
Italian bitter
cascarilla) in alcohol and water. It is a type of bitters, characterised by its dark red colour. It is produced by the Campari Group, a multinational company
Campari
Brandy made from morello cherries
from other kinds of cherries. The cherry stones are included in the fermentation process, not removed beforehand. Unlike cherry liqueurs and cherry brandies
Kirsch
Species of plant
Senegal eastwards to Sudan and southwards to Angola. After processing and fermentation, the processed seeds containing carbohydrates that is rich in fructose
Pentaclethra_macrophylla
Indian dark rum
Old Monk Rum is a vatted Indian dark rum, launched in 1954. It is a dark rum with a distinct vanilla flavour, with most expressions spiced, aged in oak
Old_Monk
Russians categorize beer by color rather than fermentation process: Light, Red or Semi-Dark and Dark. Until 2011, anything containing less than 10% alcohol
Beer_in_Russia
Brewery in Slovakia
Šariš 12% Premium – a premium beer produced from light malt by two-phase fermentation, with a subsequent long refermentation at low temperatures. This brand
Šariš_Brewery
Type of wine with some color from grape skins
the early days of winemaking to make dark, fully colored dry red wines without temperature controlled fermentation vessels. As the must macerated with
Rosé
Vitamin used in animal cell metabolism
replaced by methyl. Cyanocobalamin is a manufactured form of B12. Bacterial fermentation creates AdoB12 and MeB12, which are converted to cyanocobalamin by the
Vitamin_B12
Traditional fermented hot sauce from China
Traditionally, the fermentation is taken under sunshine, but for some industrial processes, temperature controlled fermentation technology is usually
Yongfeng_chili_sauce
Variety of grape
from the macerated (crushed) skins, over a period of days during the fermentation process. The name teinturier comes from French, meaning "dyer". Teinturier
Teinturier_grape
Chinese fermented soybean paste
making process and high temperature fermentation, middle temperature fermentation and low temperature fermentation according to the temperature of the
Yellow_soybean_paste
Type of bread made with various proportions of flour from rye grain
the bread, the yeast in the starter is used at least as much for the fermentation character in the bread itself as it is for leavening. Danish rugbrød
Rye_bread
Species of bird in South America
birds in possessing a digestive system that significantly supports the fermentation and the effective breakdown of plant matter, a trait more commonly known
Hoatzin
Variety of green tea
black tea, has often been incorrectly called fermentation; fermentation is actually unique to pu'erh and "dark" teas). Japanese green tea processors typically
Gunpowder_tea
Fish cured by fermentation to reduce spoilage
some method is applied to stop the bacteria that produce the spoilage. Fermentation is a method which inhibits the ability of microbes to spoil fish. It
Fermented_fish
English scientist, surgeon and antiseptic pioneer (1827–1912)
by germs, in connection to Louis Pasteur's then-novel germ theory of fermentation. Lister's work led to a reduction in post-operative infections and made
Joseph_Lister
Type of Philippine condiment
(bagoóng isdâ) or krill or shrimp paste (bagoóng alamáng) with salt. The fermentation process of bagoóng isdâ also produces fish sauce known as patís. The
Bagoong
19th-century baking process
bakers a roll made with a finer quality of flour by the process of sweet fermentation, (that is, with yeast,) which was called the imperial roll, (Kaiser-Semmel
Vienna_bread
German digestif
Brewery Malting Lautering Wort Yeast Distillation Drinking establishments Fermentation Simple syrup Yeast in winemaking Winemaking Yeast in winemaking Fermented
Jägermeister
Fermented low-alcoholic beverage
and pasteurized to stabilize it. After that, the wort is pumped into a fermentation tank, where baker's yeast and lactic acid bacteria culture is added,
Kvass
DARK FERMENTATION
DARK FERMENTATION
Boy/Male
Shakespearean American Swedish Latin English Biblical Arthurian Legend
Antony and Cleopatra' and 'The Tragedy of Julius Caesar.' Mark Antony, roman triumvir and...
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a settlement on the river Dart in Devon, which is named from a British term meaning ‘oak’ and is thus a cognate of Darwin 2.English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of arrows, from Middle English dart (from Old French darde).
Male
Serbian
(Дарко) Serbian name derived from Slavic dar, DARKO means "gift."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Dark.
Male
Iranian/Persian
 Short form of Persian Dârayavahush, DARA means "possesses a lot, wealthy." Compare with other forms of Dara.
Male
Hebrew
(דֶּרַע) Hebrew name DARA means "the arm." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Zerah. Compare with other forms of Dara.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Tomali | தோமாஂலீÂ
Tree with very dark bark
Tomali | தோமாஂலீÂ
Male
Hebrew
(בַּר) Hebrew name DAR means both "mother-of-pearl" and "marble."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a variant of Dear.German (Därr) : from a short form of a Germanic personal name, perhaps related to Old High German dart ‘spear’.Variant spelling of German Dorr.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Dark Skinned; Charioteer of Lord Krishna; Tree
Female
English
 Middle English name DARA means "brave, daring." Compare with another form of Dara.
Boy/Male
Gaelic Hebrew English
Dark.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English personal name, Dæcca.Dutch : metonymic occupational name for a roofer, from dack, a variant of deck ‘roof’. Compare De decker.
Girl/Female
English
Lark.
Male
Irish
 From Irish Gaelic Mac Dara, DARA means "son of oak." Compare with other forms of Dara.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for someone with dark hair or a dark complexion, from Middle English darke, Old English deorc ‘dark’. In England, the surname is most frequent in the West Country.
Male
English
English unisex name derived from the vocabulary word, from Old English lawcere, LARK means "song-bird."
Male
German
 Short form of German Diederick, DIRK means "first of the people; king of nations."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Tree with Very Dark Bark
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Dark.German (Dürk) : variant of Türk ‘Turk’, a nickname for a wild or unruly person, or sometimes for a prisoner of war (from the Turkish Wars).German : possibly a variant of Dirk.
DARK FERMENTATION
DARK FERMENTATION
Boy/Male
Biblical
The Lord our righteousness.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Motion
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, Danish, German, Latin, Swedish
Blind; Sixth; Form of Cecilia
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
King of Earth; The Hero of Stunts
Male
Arthurian
, (the birch tree); a knight of the Round Table.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Essex)
English (chiefly Essex) : unexplained; perhaps a variant of Haymes, from the Old French personal name Haim, of Germanic origin.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Fearless Lion
Male
Italian
Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish form of Roman Latin Remigius, REMIGIO means "oarsman."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Chinese, Muslim
Gift; Present
Boy/Male
Muslim
Growth, Increase
DARK FERMENTATION
DARK FERMENTATION
DARK FERMENTATION
DARK FERMENTATION
DARK FERMENTATION
n.
Post; mail; also, the mail or postal arrangements; -- spelt also dawk, and dauk.
n.
See Dak.
n.
A dark shade or dark passage in a painting, engraving, or the like; as, the light and darks are well contrasted.
v. t.
To bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to park the artillery, the wagons, etc.
a.
Dark.
v. t.
To stab with a dirk.
v. t.
To strip the bark from; to peel.
v. t.
To cut or mark with an incision; to gash.
n.
Preeminence; high position; as, particians of mark; a fellow of no mark.
n.
Anything resembling a dart; anything that pierces or wounds like a dart.
n.
Limit or standard of action or fact; as, to be within the mark; to come up to the mark.
v. t.
To inclose in a park, or as in a park.
a.
Dark.
v. t.
See Dawk, v. t., to cut or gush.
v. t.
To cover or inclose with bark, or as with bark; as, to bark the roof of a hut.
v. t.
To put a mark upon; to affix a significant mark to; to make recognizable by a mark; as, to mark a box or bale of merchandise; to mark clothing.
a.
Evincing black or foul traits of character; vile; wicked; atrocious; as, a dark villain; a dark deed.
a.
Dark as a pitch; pitch-black.
a.
Destitute, or partially destitute, of light; not receiving, reflecting, or radiating light; wholly or partially black, or of some deep shade of color; not light-colored; as, a dark room; a dark day; dark cloth; dark paint; a dark complexion.
v. i.
To fly or pass swiftly, as a dart.