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Earth's surface where water is frozen
The cryosphere is an umbrella term for those portions of Earth's surface where water is in solid form. This includes sea ice, ice on lakes or rivers, snow
Cryosphere
Peer-reviewed scientific journal
The Cryosphere is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on all aspects of frozen water and ground (especially glaciers) on Earth and on other
The_Cryosphere
Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions
Climate_change
Earth's southernmost continent
improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica". The Cryosphere. 7 (1): 375–393. Bibcode:2013TCry....7..375F. doi:10.5194/tc-7-375-2013
Antarctica
2019 IPCC report
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) is a report about the effects of climate
Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
Special_Report_on_the_Ocean_and_Cryosphere_in_a_Changing_Climate
Critical thresholds in climate science
systems, for example in the cryosphere, within ocean currents, and in terrestrial systems. The tipping points in the cryosphere include: Greenland ice sheet
Tipping points in the climate system
Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system
Era of Mars' geologic history
forming a thick cryosphere overlying a deeper zone of liquid water. Subsequent volcanic or tectonic activity occasionally fractured the cryosphere, releasing
Hesperian
Fields of natural science related to Earth
synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered
Earth_science
Impacts of climate change on the Arctic
Peter (25 January 2021). "Review article: Earth's ice imbalance". The Cryosphere. 15 (1): 233–246 Material was copied from this source, which is available
Climate_change_in_the_Arctic
Geologic formation in China
intraclasts as dropstones and diamictites to the oasis bottom. This active cryosphere prevailed under high elevations in which cryospheric processes were possible
Chishan_Formation
Organization
UNAVCO was a non-profit university-governed consortium that facilitated geology research and education using geodesy. UNAVCO was funded by the National
UNAVCO
Scientific intergovernmental body
Report on Climate Change and Land, and the Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate came out. The IPCC also updated its methodologies
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change
Macroscopic marine algae
reducing local ocean acidification. The IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate recommends "further research attention" for the
Seaweed
Regions around Earth's geographical poles
complex of living creatures from penguins to blue whales.[citation needed] Cryosphere Polar climate "Arctic FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions about the Arctic"
Polar_regions_of_Earth
Earth, minus the oceans and atmosphere
Geosphere – Collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere Journal of Geophysical Research - section B (Solid
Solid_earth
Research institute
scientists study the Earth system, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and geosphere, and communicate these findings to decision
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
Cooperative_Institute_for_Research_in_Environmental_Sciences
Autonomous territory of Denmark
Hemer, M.; Kopp, R.E.; Krinner, G.; Mix, A. (2021). "Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). In Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pirani
Greenland
Scientific study of the Earth's spheres and their natural integrated systems
sub-systems' cycles, processes and "spheres"—atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, pedosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and even the magnetosphere—as
Earth_system_science
IPCC report
Warming of 1.5 °C, and the third is the Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) released on 25 September 2019. The AR6 cycle
Special Report on Climate Change and Land
Special_Report_on_Climate_Change_and_Land
Outcome of seawater as it freezes
Arctic sea-ice ridge keels from repeated multibeam sonar surveys". The Cryosphere. 17 (11): 4873–4887. Bibcode:2023TCry...17.4873S. doi:10.5194/tc-17-4873-2023
Sea_ice
Observation facility of JAXA
environmental phenomena of Earth including El Niño, Greenhouse Gases, and the cryosphere as well as environmental disasters such as fires, typhoons, and floods
Earth_Observation_Center
American geologist and academic (born 1957)
refereed scientific publications about the relationships between Earth's cryosphere and global climate change, and is recognized by the Institute for Scientific
Richard_Alley
Ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica
2022. Glover et al. 2013 State of the Cryosphere 2024 Lost Ice, Global Damage (PDF). International Cryosphere Climate Initiative. November 2024. pp. x
Antarctic_Circumpolar_Current
Planet with an icy surface
such as water, ammonia, and methane. Ice planets consist of a global cryosphere. Under a geophysical definition of planet, the small icy worlds of the
Ice_planet
Directional mass flow of oceanic water
team. Retrieved 2024-09-12. State of the Cryosphere 2024 Lost Ice, Global Damage (PDF). International Cryosphere Climate Initiative. November 2024. pp. x
Ocean_current
Change in the statistical distribution of climate elements for an extended period
Climate variability includes all the variations in the climate that last longer than individual weather events, whereas the term climate change only refers
Climate variability and change
Climate_variability_and_change
Physics of the Earth and its vicinity
Earth-system and planetary perspective, including the oceans, atmosphere, cryosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, as well as solar–terrestrial interactions
Geophysics
Impacts of climate change on Antarctica
Zhai, P.; Pirani, A.; Connors, S.L.; et al. (eds.). "Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science
Climate_change_in_Antarctica
Interactions that create Earth's climate
interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and
Climate_system
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
ISBN 978-1-118-34909-0. OCLC 781078031. "Summary for Policymakers". The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (PDF). 2019. pp. 3–36. doi:10.1017/9781009157964
Ocean
British physicist
has authored more than 200 refereed scientific publications about the cryosphere and its interaction with the rest of the Earth System, and is recognized
Jonathan_Bamber
Third planet from the sun
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the planet Earth: Earth – third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the
Outline_of_Earth
Frozen water; the solid state of water
the parts of the Earth's surface where water is in frozen form is the cryosphere. Ice is an important component of the global climate, particularly in
Ice
Collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere
taken as the collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. The different collectives of the geosphere are able
Geosphere
Russian scientist, born 1873
v t e Permafrost Overview Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma
Mikhail_Sumgin
change Cloud feedback Cloud forcing Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis Cryosphere Earth's energy budget Extreme event attribution Feedbacks Global warming
2025_in_climate_change
Study of effects of extreme low temperatures on life
studies the effects of low temperatures on living things within Earth's cryosphere or in science. The word cryobiology is derived from the Greek words κρῧος
Cryobiology
Part of large-scale ocean circulation
2022 at the Wayback Machine. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate Archived 12 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine [H
Thermohaline_circulation
Global sum of all ecosystems on Earth
relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The biosphere is postulated to have evolved
Biosphere
Antarctic glacier
kilometres (31 and 62 mi) east of Mount Murphy. Like many other parts of the cryosphere, it has been adversely affected by climate change, and provides one of
Thwaites_Glacier
would be 19–22 metres (62–72 ft) if warming peaks at 5 °C (9.0 °F). The cryosphere, the area of the Earth covered by snow or ice, is extremely sensitive
Effects_of_climate_change
metabolic demand. According to the IPCC 2019 Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, the viability of species is being disrupted throughout
Human_impact_on_marine_life
American physics research center
divisions goal is to conduct leading research to understand ocean and cryosphere changes and variability; their interactions with weather, climate, sea
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
Geophysical_Fluid_Dynamics_Laboratory
Fast-flowing atmospheric air current
"Extreme summer weather in northern mid-latitudes linked to a vanishing cryosphere". Nature Climate Change. 4 (1): 45–50. Bibcode:2014NatCC...4...45T. doi:10
Jet_stream
Earth's southern polar ice cap
improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica". The Cryosphere. 7 (1): 375–393. Bibcode:2013TCry....7..375F. doi:10.5194/tc-7-375-2013
Antarctic_ice_sheet
Study of chemical cycles of the earth related to biological activity
composition of the natural environment (including the biosphere, the cryosphere, the hydrosphere, the pedosphere, the atmosphere, and the lithosphere)
Biogeochemistry
Vast body of ice in Greenland, Northern Hemisphere
1038/s41586-020-2742-6. PMID 32999481. S2CID 222147426. "Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate: Executive Summary". IPCC. Archived from the original
Greenland_ice_sheet
Type of soil in frozen state
Ruiz, J.-B. Sallée, A. B. A. Slangen, and Y. Yu, 2021: Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis
Permafrost
Glacier in Indonesia
Puncak Jaya (Irian Jaya/West Papua, Indonesia) close to extinction". The Cryosphere. 19 (12): 6629–6637. Bibcode:2025TCry...19.6629I. doi:10.5194/tc-19-6629-2025
Carstensz_Glacier
Impact of climate change on tropical cyclones
Changes and Managing Risks" (PDF). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. p. 602. Archived (PDF) from the original on December
Tropical cyclones and climate change
Tropical_cyclones_and_climate_change
Surface shaking on interstellar bodies in general
of tremors, ground cracking, and thundering sounds. Within the glacial cryosphere, glacial cryoseisms arise from internal cracking, ocean calving, or basal
Quake_(natural_phenomenon)
Mountain range in Antarctica
bedrock drilling aimed at detecting Holocene retreat–readvance". The Cryosphere. 19 (1): 303–324. Bibcode:2025TCry...19..303J. doi:10.5194/tc-19-303-2025
Hudson_Mountains
Academic journal
research on the interactions among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, and lithosphere, including, but not limited to, research on human impacts
Earth_Interactions
Physical quantity of hot and cold in ocean water
2022-10-18 at the Wayback Machine. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate Archived 2021-07-12 at the Wayback Machine [H.-O
Ocean_temperature
Sharp irregular grooves or ridges formed on a snow surface
(2019). "The evolution of snow bedforms in the Colorado Front Range". The Cryosphere. 13: 1267–1281. doi:10.5194/tc-13-1267-2019. Leonard, K. C.; Tremblay
Sastrugi
Guoqing; Zhang, Yinsheng (5 January 2019). "Status and Change of the Cryosphere in the Extended Hindu Kush Himalaya Region". The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment
Climate_change_in_Asia
Positive feedback climate process
leading to more warming and greater loss of the reflective parts of the cryosphere. Inversely, cooler temperatures increase ice cover, which increases albedo
Ice–albedo_feedback
Large mass of glacial ice
sufficiently for the disparate ice caps to connect and cover most of the island. Cryosphere – Earth's surface where water is frozen Ice planet – Planet with an icy
Ice_sheet
Decrease of pH levels in the ocean
2014. "Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate — Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate". IPCC. 25 September
Ocean_acidification
Mountainous region near the Tibetan Plateau
increased at an elevated altitude, indicating a greater susceptibility of the cryosphere environment to climate change. This trend is expected to continue. Climate
Third_Pole
Climatic and oceanographic cycle affecting Southeast Asia, Australia and Africa
change Cloud feedback Cloud forcing Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis Cryosphere Earth's energy budget Extreme event attribution Feedbacks Global warming
Indian_Ocean_Dipole
Outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite
(3 mi) below Earth's surface. Carbonate–silicate cycle Climate system Cryosphere Geosphere Kola Superdeep Borehole Mohorovičić discontinuity Pedosphere
Lithosphere
Concept for energy flows to and from Earth
temperature. This is due to the thermal inertia of the oceans, land and cryosphere. Most climate models make accurate calculations of this inertia, energy
Earth's_energy_budget
Volcano on Heard Island
an Acceleration of Heard Island Glacier Loss over Recent Decades". The Cryosphere. 19 (7): 2677–2694. Bibcode:2025TCry...19.2677T. doi:10.5194/tc-19-2677-2025
Mawson_Peak
American meteorologist
William pioneered the use of remote sensing techniques to observe the cryosphere. Since the polar regions are dark six months of the year and largely cloud
William Joseph Campbell (meteorologist)
William_Joseph_Campbell_(meteorologist)
Chinese Antarctic researcher
"Dynamic response of Antarctic ice shelves to bedrock uncertainty". The Cryosphere. 8 (4): 1561–1576. Bibcode:2014TCry....8.1561S. doi:10.5194/tc-8-1561-2014
Liu_Yan_(scientist)
Japanese climatologist (born 1942)
The group has strong interests in the planetary boundary layer and the cryosphere including its interaction with the atmosphere and ocean. The group maintains
Atsumu_Ohmura
Researcher
Namias Chair in Climate Studies. In 2012, Eisenman was awarded the AGU Cryosphere Young Investigator Award for his pioneering contributions to cryospheric
Ian_Eisenman
Transition from full glacial conditions during ice ages to warm interglacial conditions
and the resulting exposure of the Earth's surface. The decline of the cryosphere due to ablation can occur on any scale from global to localized to a particular
Deglaciation
century of ice retreat on Kilimanjaro: the mapping reloaded" (PDF). The Cryosphere. 7 (2): 419–431. doi:10.5194/tc-7-419-2013. P. Gabrielli; D.R. Hardy;
Northern Ice Field (Mount Kilimanjaro)
Northern_Ice_Field_(Mount_Kilimanjaro)
Biome where plant growth is hindered by frigid temperatures
1038/s41612-020-0130-4. Fox-Kemper, B; et al. (2021). "Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science
Tundra
1990 IPCC report
sources (2012) Extreme events and disasters (2012) Global Warming of 1.5 °C (2018) Climate Change & Land (2019) Ocean & Cryosphere (2019) UNFCCC WMO UNEP
IPCC_First_Assessment_Report
Academic journal
modeling research on the structure and behavior of the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere, biomass, and land surface as interacting components of the dynamics of
Climate_Dynamics
Salt or ester of carbonic acid
"Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. pp. 3–35. Kemper, F., Molster, F.J., Jager, C.
Carbonate
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with C
cryomicroscopy, cryoneurolysis, cryonics, cryopreservation, cryoprotectant, cryosphere, cryosurgery, cryotherapy, cryovolcano -cry wail, shriek Latin critare
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/C
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/C
Natural disaster in Switzerland
comparable landslide in the Alps. According to Jan Beutel, professor of alpine cryosphere at the University of Innsbruck, extreme events occur in the context of
2025_Blatten_glacier_collapse
Academic journal
scales, including variability of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and cryosphere; past, present, and projected future changes in the climate system; and
Journal_of_Climate
Glacier in Greenland
Kangerdlugssuaq, East Greenland Science Flight Report- Operation IceBridge Arctic 2010 The Cryosphere; The first complete inventory of the local glaciers v t e
Hutchinson_Glacier
Earth observation technology
are focused in altimetry, oceanography (wave height and wind speed), cryosphere monitoring, and soil moisture monitoring. GNSS reflectometry is passive
GNSS_reflectometry
Valley landform on other planets (mostly Mars)
pressure beneath a thick cryosphere (layer of frozen ground), then the water was suddenly released, perhaps when the cryosphere was broken by a fault. Nirgal
Vallis_(planetary_geology)
Diplomatic summit resulting in the Paris Agreement
change Cloud feedback Cloud forcing Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis Cryosphere Earth's energy budget Extreme event attribution Feedbacks Global warming
2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2015_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference
Mountains of the Moon "East African Highlands | ICCI – International Cryosphere Climate Initiative". Iccinet.org. Retrieved 2014-03-07. Hastenrath, Stefan
List_of_glaciers_in_Africa
Fuel derived from biological sources
change Cloud feedback Cloud forcing Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis Cryosphere Earth's energy budget Extreme event attribution Feedbacks Global warming
Biofuel
Large platform of glacial ice
shelf. The effects of climate change are visible in the changes to the cryosphere, such as reduction in sea ice and ice sheets, and disruption of ice shelves
Ice_shelf
ISBN 978-90-277-1572-2. "East African Highlands | ICCI – International Cryosphere Climate Initiative". Iccinet.org. Archived from the original on 2014-03-07
List_of_glaciers
Long-term weather pattern of a region
components of the climate system, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere and biosphere and the interactions between them. The climate
Climate
High-latitude region of an astronomical body with major parts covered in ice
feature was in fact an ice cap composed of methane and nitrogen ices. Cryosphere Ice age Polar climate The National Snow and Ice Data Center Glossary Archived
Polar_ice_cap
Spacecraft instrument
collects imagery and radiometric measurements of the land, atmosphere, cryosphere, and oceans in the visible and infrared bands of the electromagnetic spectrum
Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite
Visible_Infrared_Imaging_Radiometer_Suite
Large body of salt water
doi:10.1175/jcli-d-20-0366.1. "Summary for Policymakers". The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. 2022. pp. 3–36. doi:10.1017/9781009157964.001.
Sea
Indian climate scientist
He was involved in writing the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate and the Sixth Assessment Report. Koll completed
Roxy_Mathew_Koll
Area where land meets the sea or ocean
Berger, S.; Caud, N.; Chen, Y.; Goldfarb, L. (eds.). "Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science
Coast
Portion of the Alps that lies within Switzerland
balance to the mountain-range scale: the European Alps 1900–2100". The Cryosphere. 6 (4): 713–727. Bibcode:2012TCry....6..713H. doi:10.5194/tc-6-713-2012
Swiss_Alps
Special climate change report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
sources (2012) Extreme events and disasters (2012) Global Warming of 1.5 °C (2018) Climate Change & Land (2019) Ocean & Cryosphere (2019) UNFCCC WMO UNEP
Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C
Special_Report_on_Global_Warming_of_1.5_°C
2022 British nature documentary series
regions, this follow-up series broadened the scope to include the entire cryosphere, whilst also placing a greater emphasis on the threats the inhabitants
Frozen_Planet_II
Sea ice of the Southern Ocean
; Allison, I.; Carrasco, J.; et al. (2013). "Chapter 4: Observations: Cryosphere" (PDF). IPCC AR5 WG1 2013. pp. 317–382. NASA (2009-05-22). "Antarctic
Antarctic_sea_ice
Organization
the cryosphere. The primary observing systems contributing to the GCOS are the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS), the Global Cryosphere Watch
Global Climate Observing System
Global_Climate_Observing_System
Persistent body of ice that moves downhill under its own weight
is called glaciology. Glaciers are important components of the global cryosphere. Glaciers are categorized by their morphology, thermal characteristics
Glacier
Glacier on Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Fitzsimons (2013). "A century of ice retreat on Kilimanjaro: the mapping reloaded" (pdf). The Cryosphere. 7: 419–431. doi:10.5194/tc-7-419-2013. v t e
Little_Penck_Glacier
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with G
cryomicroscopy, cryoneurolysis, cryonics, cryopreservation, cryoprotectant, cryosphere, cryosurgery, cryotherapy, cryovolcano -cry wail, shriek Latin critare
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/A–G
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/A–G
postdocs, and early career faculty) interested in the polar regions and the cryosphere generally. Its mission is to raise the profile of polar scientists by
Association of Polar Early Career Scientists
Association_of_Polar_Early_Career_Scientists
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Firm in Battle
Girl/Female
Hindu
Fragrance
Boy/Male
Indian
Who looks after someone, Takes care
Girl/Female
Tamil
Tusarika | தà¯à®¸à®°à®¿à®•à®¾
Female
English
Perhaps a variant spelling of English Alice, ALEASE means "noble sort."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil
Desire
Girl/Female
Biblical
Rebellious, bitter, set with trees.
Male
Russian
Variant spelling of Russian Vasiliy, VASILY means "king."
Male
Finnish
Finnish name JALO means "gracious and noble."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Donate
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE