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Earth's surface where water is frozen
The cryosphere is an umbrella term for those portions of Earth's surface where water is in solid form. This includes sea ice, ice on lakes or rivers, snow
Cryosphere
Peer-reviewed scientific journal
The Cryosphere is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on all aspects of frozen water and ground (especially glaciers) on Earth and on other
The_Cryosphere
2019 IPCC report
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) is a report about the effects of climate
Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
Special_Report_on_the_Ocean_and_Cryosphere_in_a_Changing_Climate
Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions
Climate_change
Fields of natural science related to Earth
synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered
Earth_science
Geologic formation in China
intraclasts as dropstones and diamictites to the oasis bottom. This active cryosphere prevailed under high elevations in which cryospheric processes were possible
Chishan_Formation
Earth's southernmost continent
improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica". The Cryosphere. 7 (1): 375–393. Bibcode:2013TCry....7..375F. doi:10.5194/tc-7-375-2013
Antarctica
Organization
UNAVCO was a non-profit university-governed consortium that facilitated geology research and education using geodesy. UNAVCO was funded by the National
UNAVCO
Research institute
scientists study the Earth system, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and geosphere, and communicate these findings to decision
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
Cooperative_Institute_for_Research_in_Environmental_Sciences
Critical thresholds in climate science
systems, for example in the cryosphere, within ocean currents, and in terrestrial systems. The tipping points in the cryosphere include: Greenland ice sheet
Tipping points in the climate system
Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system
Era of Mars' geologic history
forming a thick cryosphere overlying a deeper zone of liquid water. Subsequent volcanic or tectonic activity occasionally fractured the cryosphere, releasing
Hesperian
Impacts of climate change on the Arctic
Peter (25 January 2021). "Review article: Earth's ice imbalance". The Cryosphere. 15 (1): 233–246 Material was copied from this source, which is available
Climate_change_in_the_Arctic
Scientific study of the Earth's spheres and their natural integrated systems
sub-systems' cycles, processes and "spheres"—atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, geosphere, pedosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and even the magnetosphere—as
Earth_system_science
Observation facility of JAXA
environmental phenomena of Earth including El Niño, Greenhouse Gases, and the cryosphere as well as environmental disasters such as fires, typhoons, and floods
Earth_Observation_Center
Scientific intergovernmental body
Report on Climate Change and Land, and the Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate came out. The IPCC also updated its methodologies
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change
Outcome of seawater as it freezes
Arctic sea-ice ridge keels from repeated multibeam sonar surveys". The Cryosphere. 17 (11): 4873–4887. Bibcode:2023TCry...17.4873S. doi:10.5194/tc-17-4873-2023
Sea_ice
Autonomous territory of Denmark
Hemer, M.; Kopp, R.E.; Krinner, G.; Mix, A. (2021). "Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). In Masson-Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Pirani
Greenland
NASA+ Original Television Series
mission, the Artemis program, microgravity, climate change, and Earth's cryosphere. On November 8, 2023, NASA released a streaming service named NASA+. Along
NASA_Explorers
Macroscopic marine algae
reducing local ocean acidification. The IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate recommends "further research attention" for the
Seaweed
Large body of salt water
doi:10.1175/jcli-d-20-0366.1. "Summary for Policymakers". The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. 2022. pp. 3–36. doi:10.1017/9781009157964.001.
Sea
Earth, minus the oceans and atmosphere
Geosphere – Collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere Journal of Geophysical Research - section B (Solid
Solid_earth
Impacts of climate change on Antarctica
Zhai, P.; Pirani, A.; Connors, S.L.; et al. (eds.). "Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science
Climate_change_in_Antarctica
Planet with an icy surface
such as water, ammonia, and methane. Ice planets consist of a global cryosphere. Under a geophysical definition of planet, the small icy worlds of the
Ice_planet
Directional mass flow of oceanic water
team. Retrieved 2024-09-12. State of the Cryosphere 2024 Lost Ice, Global Damage (PDF). International Cryosphere Climate Initiative. November 2024. pp. x
Ocean_current
Ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica
2022. Glover et al. 2013 State of the Cryosphere 2024 Lost Ice, Global Damage (PDF). International Cryosphere Climate Initiative. November 2024. pp. x
Antarctic_Circumpolar_Current
Regions around Earth's geographical poles
complex of living creatures from penguins to blue whales.[citation needed] Cryosphere Polar climate "Arctic FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions about the Arctic"
Polar_regions_of_Earth
Physical quantity of hot and cold in ocean water
2022-10-18 at the Wayback Machine. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate Archived 2021-07-12 at the Wayback Machine [H.-O
Ocean_temperature
Collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere
taken as the collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere. The different collectives of the geosphere are able
Geosphere
Physics of the Earth and its vicinity
Earth-system and planetary perspective, including the oceans, atmosphere, cryosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, as well as solar–terrestrial interactions
Geophysics
British physicist
has authored more than 200 refereed scientific publications about the cryosphere and its interaction with the rest of the Earth System, and is recognized
Jonathan_Bamber
Antarctic glacier
kilometres (31 and 62 mi) east of Mount Murphy. Like many other parts of the cryosphere, it has been adversely affected by climate change, and provides one of
Thwaites_Glacier
Climatic and oceanographic cycle affecting Southeast Asia, Australia and Africa
change Cloud feedback Cloud forcing Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis Cryosphere Earth's energy budget Extreme event attribution Feedbacks Global warming
Indian_Ocean_Dipole
IPCC report
Warming of 1.5 °C, and the third is the Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) released on 25 September 2019. The AR6 cycle
Special Report on Climate Change and Land
Special_Report_on_Climate_Change_and_Land
Change in the statistical distribution of climate elements for an extended period
Climate variability includes all the variations in the climate that last longer than individual weather events, whereas the term climate change only refers
Climate variability and change
Climate_variability_and_change
Global sum of all ecosystems on Earth
relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The biosphere is postulated to have evolved
Biosphere
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
ISBN 978-1-118-34909-0. OCLC 781078031. "Summary for Policymakers". The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (PDF). 2019. pp. 3–36. doi:10.1017/9781009157964
Ocean
Indian climate scientist
He was involved in writing the IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate and the Sixth Assessment Report. Koll completed
Roxy_Mathew_Koll
Glacier in Indonesia
Puncak Jaya (Irian Jaya/West Papua, Indonesia) close to extinction". The Cryosphere. 19 (12): 6629–6637. Bibcode:2025TCry...19.6629I. doi:10.5194/tc-19-6629-2025
Carstensz_Glacier
Large platform of glacial ice
shelf. The effects of climate change are visible in the changes to the cryosphere, such as reduction in sea ice and ice sheets, and disruption of ice shelves
Ice_shelf
1990 IPCC report
sources (2012) Extreme events and disasters (2012) Global Warming of 1.5 °C (2018) Climate Change & Land (2019) Ocean & Cryosphere (2019) UNFCCC WMO UNEP
IPCC_First_Assessment_Report
Tourist complex in Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
v t e Permafrost Overview Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma
Permafrost_Kingdom
Study of effects of extreme low temperatures on life
studies the effects of low temperatures on living things within Earth's cryosphere or in science. The word cryobiology is derived from the Greek words κρῧος
Cryobiology
Russian scientist, born 1873
v t e Permafrost Overview Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma
Mikhail_Sumgin
Decrease of pH levels in the ocean
2014. "Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate — Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate". IPCC. 25 September
Ocean_acidification
Third planet from the sun
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the planet Earth: Earth – third planet from the Sun, the densest planet in the
Outline_of_Earth
Impact of climate change on tropical cyclones
Changes and Managing Risks" (PDF). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. p. 602. Archived (PDF) from the original on December
Tropical cyclones and climate change
Tropical_cyclones_and_climate_change
Earth's southern polar ice cap
improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica". The Cryosphere. 7 (1): 375–393. Bibcode:2013TCry....7..375F. doi:10.5194/tc-7-375-2013
Antarctic_ice_sheet
Vast body of ice in Greenland, Northern Hemisphere
1038/s41586-020-2742-6. PMID 32999481. S2CID 222147426. "Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate: Executive Summary". IPCC. Archived from the original
Greenland_ice_sheet
Surface shaking on interstellar bodies in general
of tremors, ground cracking, and thundering sounds. Within the glacial cryosphere, glacial cryoseisms arise from internal cracking, ocean calving, or basal
Quake_(natural_phenomenon)
metabolic demand. According to the IPCC 2019 Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, the viability of species is being disrupted throughout
Human_impact_on_marine_life
ISBN 978-90-277-1572-2. "East African Highlands | ICCI – International Cryosphere Climate Initiative". Iccinet.org. Archived from the original on 2014-03-07
List_of_glaciers
rise scenarios, ranging from 10 to 1000 for rises of 0.5 m or less. The cryosphere, the area of the Earth covered by snow or ice, is extremely sensitive
Effects_of_climate_change
Part of large-scale ocean circulation
2022 at the Wayback Machine. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate Archived 12 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine [H
Thermohaline_circulation
Mountainous region near the Tibetan Plateau
increased at an elevated altitude, indicating a greater susceptibility of the cryosphere environment to climate change. This trend is expected to continue. Climate
Third_Pole
Interactions that create Earth's climate
interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and
Climate_system
American physics research center
divisions goal is to conduct leading research to understand ocean and cryosphere changes and variability; their interactions with weather, climate, sea
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
Geophysical_Fluid_Dynamics_Laboratory
American meteorologist
William pioneered the use of remote sensing techniques to observe the cryosphere. Since the polar regions are dark six months of the year and largely cloud
William Joseph Campbell (meteorologist)
William_Joseph_Campbell_(meteorologist)
Outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite
(3 mi) below Earth's surface. Carbonate–silicate cycle Climate system Cryosphere Geosphere Kola Superdeep Borehole Mohorovičić discontinuity Pedosphere
Lithosphere
postdocs, and early career faculty) interested in the polar regions and the cryosphere generally. Its mission is to raise the profile of polar scientists by
Association of Polar Early Career Scientists
Association_of_Polar_Early_Career_Scientists
Aspects of fluid mechanics involving fluid flow
flight-capable machines Astrophysical fluid dynamics – Branch of modern astronomy Cryosphere science – Earth's surface where water is frozenPages displaying short
Fluid_dynamics
List of scientists who are Christians
and nutrient cycling between terrestrial and aquatic systems, and the cryosphere and atmosphere. She is a professor at the University of Alaska Fairbanks
List of Christians in science and technology
List_of_Christians_in_science_and_technology
Volcano on Heard Island
an Acceleration of Heard Island Glacier Loss over Recent Decades". The Cryosphere. 19 (7): 2677–2694. Bibcode:2025TCry...19.2677T. doi:10.5194/tc-19-2677-2025
Mawson_Peak
American geologist and academic (born 1957)
refereed scientific publications about the relationships between Earth's cryosphere and global climate change, and is recognized by the Institute for Scientific
Richard_Alley
American ecologist
and nutrient cycling between terrestrial and aquatic systems, and the cryosphere and atmosphere. Walter Anthony graduated magna cum laude from Mount Holyoke
Katey_Walter_Anthony
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with G
cryomicroscopy, cryoneurolysis, cryonics, cryopreservation, cryoprotectant, cryosphere, cryosurgery, cryotherapy, cryovolcano -cry wail, shriek Latin critare
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/A–G
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/A–G
crust and continental crust, both of which "float" on top of the mantle. cryosphere The totality of water in the solid phase on the Earth's surface, including
Glossary of geography terms (A–M)
Glossary_of_geography_terms_(A–M)
Valley landform on other planets (mostly Mars)
pressure beneath a thick cryosphere (layer of frozen ground), then the water was suddenly released, perhaps when the cryosphere was broken by a fault. Nirgal
Vallis_(planetary_geology)
Academic journal
scales, including variability of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and cryosphere; past, present, and projected future changes in the climate system; and
Journal_of_Climate
American materials scientist (1926–2018)
Johannes Weertman Medal: In 2019, the European Geosciences Union renamed its cryosphere medal the Julia and Johannes Weertman Medal. TMS Award: The Minerals,
Julia_Weertman
Academic journal
modeling research on the structure and behavior of the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere, biomass, and land surface as interacting components of the dynamics of
Climate_Dynamics
Scientific publishing house
Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal Scientific Drilling SOIL Solid Earth 2010 The Cryosphere Weather and Climate Dynamics Web Ecology Wind Energy Science
Copernicus_Publications
U.S. information and referral center
of data and accelerate research aimed at understanding the role of the cryosphere in the Earth system. NSIDC contributes to a number of international programs
National Snow and Ice Data Center
National_Snow_and_Ice_Data_Center
Climatological research institute
change Cloud feedback Cloud forcing Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis Cryosphere Earth's energy budget Extreme event attribution Feedbacks Global warming
Berkeley_Earth
change Cloud feedback Cloud forcing Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis Cryosphere Earth's energy budget Extreme event attribution Feedbacks Global warming
2025_in_climate_change
Salt or ester of carbonic acid
"Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. pp. 3–35. Kemper, F., Molster, F.J., Jager, C.
Carbonate
Oceanic division
Machine. Nsidc.org. Retrieved on 6 March 2011. Polar Sea Ice Cap and Snow – Cryosphere Today Archived 23 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Arctic.atmos.uiuc
Arctic_Ocean
Large mass of glacial ice
sufficiently for the disparate ice caps to connect and cover most of the island. Cryosphere – Earth's surface where water is frozen Ice planet – Planet with an icy
Ice_sheet
Farming of aquatic seaweed
for climate change mitigation. The IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate recommends "further research attention" as a mitigation
Seaweed_farming
planet Earth. These studies of Earth's history encompass the Biosphere, Cryosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, and Lithosphere; the Geosphere. One of the most
Paleogeoscience
improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica" (PDF). The Cryosphere Journal. 7 (1): 390. Bibcode:2013TCry....7..375F. doi:10.5194/tc-7-375-2013
Lists_of_places_in_Antarctica
Guoqing; Zhang, Yinsheng (5 January 2019). "Status and Change of the Cryosphere in the Extended Hindu Kush Himalaya Region". The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment
Climate_change_in_Asia
Mountain range in Antarctica
bedrock drilling aimed at detecting Holocene retreat–readvance". The Cryosphere. 19 (1): 303–324. Bibcode:2025TCry...19..303J. doi:10.5194/tc-19-303-2025
Hudson_Mountains
Soviet hydraulic engineer and geophysicist
v t e Permafrost Overview Active layer Cryosphere Ice wedge Palsa Patterned ground Rock glacier Solifluction Types Periglacial lake Periglaciation Yedoma
Mikhail_Kim
Recent shrinking of glaciers due to global warming
global warming. Human influence is the principal driver of changes to the cryosphere, of which glaciers are a part. The glacier mass balance is the key determinant
Retreat of glaciers since 1850
Retreat_of_glaciers_since_1850
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with C
cryomicroscopy, cryoneurolysis, cryonics, cryopreservation, cryoprotectant, cryosphere, cryosurgery, cryotherapy, cryovolcano -cry wail, shriek Latin critare
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/C
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/C
Mountain in Bolivia
change and glacial lake outburst flood risk in the Bolivian Andes". The Cryosphere. 10 (5): 2399–2413. Bibcode:2016TCry...10.2399C. doi:10.5194/tc-10-2399-2016
Illimani
"Chapter 3: Polar Regions" (PDF). IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. p. 212. Rintoul, S. R.; Chown, S. L.; DeConto,
History of climate change science
History_of_climate_change_science
Atmospheric constituent and greenhouse gas
Change. ISBN 978-92-9169-158-6. "Summary for Policymakers". The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (PDF). 2019. pp. 3–36. doi:10.1017/9781009157964
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Earth
Carbon_dioxide_in_the_atmosphere_of_Earth
sources (2012) Extreme events and disasters (2012) Global Warming of 1.5 °C (2018) Climate Change & Land (2019) Ocean & Cryosphere (2019) UNFCCC WMO UNEP
Criticism of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report
Criticism_of_the_IPCC_Fourth_Assessment_Report
Concept for energy flows to and from Earth
temperature. This is due to the thermal inertia of the oceans, land and cryosphere. Most climate models make accurate calculations of this inertia, energy
Earth's_energy_budget
Resistance of microbes to drugs directed against them
Ruiz, J.-B. Sallée, A.B.A. Slangen, and Y. Yu, 2021: Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change Archived 24 October 2022 at the Wayback Machine.
Antimicrobial_resistance
Earth observation technology
are focused in altimetry, oceanography (wave height and wind speed), cryosphere monitoring, and soil moisture monitoring. GNSS reflectometry is passive
GNSS_reflectometry
Organization
the cryosphere. The primary observing systems contributing to the GCOS are the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS), the Global Cryosphere Watch
Global Climate Observing System
Global_Climate_Observing_System
Diplomatic summit resulting in the Paris Agreement
change Cloud feedback Cloud forcing Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis Cryosphere Earth's energy budget Extreme event attribution Feedbacks Global warming
2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2015_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference
Natural disaster in Switzerland
comparable landslide in the Alps. According to Jan Beutel, professor of alpine cryosphere at the University of Innsbruck, extreme events occur in the context of
2025_Blatten_glacier_collapse
Academic journal
research on the interactions among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, and lithosphere, including, but not limited to, research on human impacts
Earth_Interactions
Area where land meets the sea or ocean
Berger, S.; Caud, N.; Chen, Y.; Goldfarb, L. (eds.). "Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science
Coast
Persistent body of ice that moves downhill under its own weight
is called glaciology. Glaciers are important components of the global cryosphere. Glaciers are categorized by their morphology, thermal characteristics
Glacier
Biome where plant growth is hindered by frigid temperatures
1038/s41612-020-0130-4. Fox-Kemper, B; et al. (2021). "Chapter 9: Ocean, Cryosphere and Sea Level Change" (PDF). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science
Tundra
Portion of the Alps that lies within Switzerland
balance to the mountain-range scale: the European Alps 1900–2100". The Cryosphere. 6 (4): 713–727. Bibcode:2012TCry....6..713H. doi:10.5194/tc-6-713-2012
Swiss_Alps
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
Girl/Female
Indian
Gazing
Boy/Male
Hindu
King
Female
Polish
Feminine form of Polish SobiesÅ‚aw, SOBIESÅAWA means "usurper of glory."
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Father of Sky
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Engrossed
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Tamil
A Creeper with Dusky Leaves
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
God; Rakesh
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Phonetic Name Based on Initials; Combination of Initials J and D
Female
Swiss
, pure.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sikh, Telugu
One who Desires to Rule
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE