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Outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite
A lithosphere is the rigid outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the lithospheric
Lithosphere
Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere
Greek: κράτος kratos "strength") is an old and stable part of continental lithosphere (the Earth's two topmost layers, the crust and the lithospheric mantle)
Craton
Movement of Earth's lithosphere
(tektonikós) 'pertaining to building') is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving
Plate_tectonics
Level representing a mechanical difference between layers in Earth's inner structure
The lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (referred to as the LAB by geophysicists) represents a mechanical difference between layers in Earth's inner structure
Lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary
Lithosphere–asthenosphere_boundary
Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading
width in an ocean basin. The production of new seafloor and oceanic lithosphere results from mantle upwelling in response to plate separation. The melt
Mid-ocean_ridge
Region of active deformation between colliding tectonic plates
destruction of lithosphere, and deformation. Convergent boundaries occur between oceanic-oceanic lithosphere, oceanic-continental lithosphere, and continental-continental
Convergent_boundary
Geological process at tectonic plate boundaries
Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at the convergent
Subduction
Geological linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart
In geology, a rift is a linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart and is an example of extensional tectonics. Typical rift features are
Rift
Small tectonic plate in the Mediterranean
The Adriatic or Apulian plate is a small tectonic plate carrying primarily continental crust that broke away from the African plate along a large transform
Adriatic_plate
Highly viscous, ductile, and mechanically weak region of Earth's mantle
weak and ductile region of the upper mantle of Earth. It lies below the lithosphere, at a depth between c. 80 and 200 km (50 and 120 mi) below the surface
Asthenosphere
Effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere is the estimated thickness of the elastic plate to substitute for lithosphere in order to investigate observed
Effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere
Effective_elastic_thickness_of_the_lithosphere
Transition between oceanic and continental lithosphere that is not an active plate margin
lithosphere that is not an active plate margin. A passive margin forms by sedimentation above an ancient rift, now marked by transitional lithosphere
Passive_margin
Term in geology
determined mainly by the age of the oceanic lithosphere; older seafloor is deeper. During seafloor spreading, lithosphere and mantle cooling, contraction, and
Seafloor_depth_versus_age
State of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust and mantle
is the state of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust (or lithosphere) and mantle such that the crust "floats" at an elevation that depends
Isostasy
cycle that describes the movement of potassium throughout the Earth's lithosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Along with nitrogen and phosphorus
Potassium_cycle
pieces of Earth's crust and uppermost mantle, together referred to as the lithosphere. The plates are around 100 km (62 mi) thick and consist of two principal
List_of_tectonic_plates
Fields of natural science related to Earth
the biosphere, hydrosphere/cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere). Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science
Earth_science
2005 studio album by Robert Rich and Ian Boddy
Lithosphere (2005) is a collaborative album by electronic musicians Robert Rich and Ian Boddy. Like their previous collaboration Outpost, this album was
Lithosphere_(album)
Regions of long-term subsidence creating space for infilling by sediments
sedimentary rock. Sedimentary basins are created by deformation of Earth's lithosphere in diverse geological settings, usually as a result of plate tectonic
Sedimentary_basin
Living and non-living things on Earth
quite different. Earth science generally recognizes four spheres, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere and the biosphere as correspondent to
Natural_environment
Process of evolution of Earth's crust
tectonics is associated with the stretching and thinning of the crust or the lithosphere. This type of tectonics is found at divergent plate boundaries, in continental
Tectonics
Linear feature between two tectonic plates
within the Earth's mantle allows material to rise to the base of the lithosphere beneath each divergent plate boundary.[failed verification] This supplies
Divergent_boundary
Structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt
thickening associated with the evolution of a mountain belt causes the lithosphere to bend, by a process known as lithospheric flexure. The width and depth
Foreland_basin
Uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate
oceanic lithosphere on one plate and oceanic lithosphere on another, or between oceanic lithosphere on one plate and continental lithosphere on another
Oceanic_crust
Part of Earth's mantle
The lithospheric mantle is the portion of the lithosphere within the mantle, as opposed to the crust. It is solid, and is the uppermost part of the mantle
Lithospheric_mantle
inactivity, the lithosphere cools conductively and thickens to over 300 km. The active mode of plate tectonics occurs when the thick lithosphere detaches and
Geodynamics_of_Venus
Geological process at mid-ocean ridges
oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere. The motivating force for seafloor spreading ridges is tectonic plate
Seafloor_spreading
Layer of silicate rock
the more ductile asthenosphere, separated by the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. The lithosphere (that is, the lithospheric mantle and the overlying
Earth's_mantle
Biogeochemical cycle of oxygen
biosphere (flora and fauna), hydrosphere (water bodies and glaciers) and the lithosphere (the Earth's crust). The oxygen cycle demonstrates how free oxygen is
Oxygen_cycle
Proposed driving force for tectonic plate motion
tectonics that occurs at mid-ocean ridges as the result of the rigid lithosphere sliding down the hot, raised asthenosphere below mid-ocean ridges. Although
Ridge_push
Bending of the earth's rigid outer layer due to geological forces
flexure (also called regional isostasy) is the process by which the lithosphere (rigid, thin outer layer of the Earth) bends under the action of forces
Lithospheric_flexure
Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere in central Tanzania
The Tanzania Craton is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere in central Tanzania. Some of the rocks are over 3 billion years old. The
Tanzania_Craton
Interior of the earth
structure is a series of layers: Its mechanical structure is of a rigid lithosphere, a semi-fluid asthenosphere, a rigid mesosphere, a liquid outer core
Internal_structure_of_Earth
Consolidation of the Earth's crust
dichotomy of the early lithosphere. This is thought to be true on the basis that sections of the thin, low density continental lithosphere thought to have originally
Earth's_crustal_evolution
Flat area on the deep ocean floor
hills are formed by stretching of the oceanic lithosphere. Consumption or destruction of the oceanic lithosphere occurs at oceanic trenches (a type of convergent
Abyssal_plain
Geological process at tectonic plate boundaries
continent due to the stress of plate collision). Obduction of oceanic lithosphere produces a characteristic set of rock types called an ophiolite. This
Obduction
Chemical transfer pathway between Earth's biological and non-biological parts
compartment is the biosphere and the abiotic compartments are the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere. For example, in the carbon cycle, atmospheric carbon
Biogeochemical_cycle
Loss of lithosphere from a tectonic plate
layer. The lithosphere layer is composed of two parts, an upper, the crustal lithosphere and lower, the mantle lithosphere. The crustal lithosphere is in unstable
Delamination_(geology)
Old and stable part of the continental lithosphere located in Pilbara, Western Australia
Ashburton The Pilbara Craton is an old and stable part of the continental lithosphere located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The Pilbara Craton
Pilbara_Craton
Slab of oceanic crust
complexes, and volcanic sequences, providing a vertical profile of oceanic lithosphere. It is primarily made of silicate rocks with (SiO2) content ranging from
Samail_Ophiolite
Portion of a tectonic plate that is being subducted
geology, the slab (variously called subducting, downgoing or oceanic lithosphere slab) is a significant constituent of subduction zones. It is the part
Slab_(geology)
Third planet from the Sun
collectively known as the lithosphere, which is divided into independently moving tectonic plates. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, a relatively
Earth
Geological process of stretching planet crust
processes associated with, the stretching of a planetary body's crust or lithosphere. The types of structure and the geometries formed depend on the amount
Extensional_tectonics
Geologic uplift of Earth's surface that is attributed to plate tectonics
underlying mantle, and flexural support due to the bending of rigid lithosphere. Tectonic uplift results in denudation (processes that wear away the
Tectonic_uplift
The term subcontinental lithosphere mantle is an erroneous term [Stuwe, 2007]. The scientifically correct term is continental lithospheric mantle (CLM)
Subcontinental lithospheric mantle
Subcontinental_lithospheric_mantle
Repeated joining and separation of Earth's continents
oceanic lithosphere provides a first order control on the depth of the ocean basins, and therefore on global sea level. Oceanic lithosphere forms at
Supercontinent_cycle
Biogeochemical cycle
The gold cycle is the biogeochemical cycling of gold through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Gold is a noble transition metal
Gold_cycle
Flat-topped underwater mountain
and guyots form from hot magma or rock, which cools over time. As the lithosphere that the future guyot rides on slowly cools, it becomes denser and sinks
Guyot
Outermost layer of the Earth
soil formation and erosion processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The pedosphere is the "stratum
Pedosphere
Relative abundance of elements
Only of Earth's crust Lithosphere approximated as a 10 mile-deep layer from sea level Must include all of three layers: lithosphere (93.06%), hydrosphere
Clarke_number
Earthquake that occurs under a body of water, especially an ocean
to explain the cause of submarine earthquakes. The Earth's surface or lithosphere comprises tectonic plates which average approximately 80 km (50 mi) in
Submarine_earthquake
Volcanic region hotter than the surrounding mantle
basaltic magma rising through the same lithospheric fissures (cracks in the lithosphere). An example of this activity is the Ilgachuz Range in British Columbia
Hotspot_(geology)
Collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere
listed). In that context, sometimes the term lithosphere is used instead of geosphere or solid Earth. The lithosphere, however, only refers to the uppermost
Geosphere
Igneous, volcanic rock, of felsic (silica-rich) composition
where a slab of oceanic lithosphere is being subducted into the Earth's mantle beneath overriding oceanic or continental lithosphere. It can sometimes be
Rhyolite
Formation of mountain ranges
material behind, resulting in compositional differentiation of Earth's lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle). A synorogenic (or synkinematic) process
Orogeny
Continental crustal block in China, Inner Mongolia, the Yellow Sea, and North Korea
the Phanerozoic. The Eastern Block is defined by high heat flow, thin lithosphere and a lot of earthquakes. It experienced a number of earthquakes with
North_China_Craton
combined to create a more accurate image of the lithosphere. The techniques used to image the lithosphere can be used to map out the thermostructure of
Geophysical_imaging
Aspect of planetary geology
the very early part of its history. The lid is the equivalent of the lithosphere, formed of solid silicate minerals. The relative stability and immobility
Lid_tectonics
lithium cycle (Li) is the biogeochemical cycle of lithium through the lithosphere and hydrosphere. In the diagram above, lithium sinks are described in
Lithium_cycle
Earth's outer shell of rock
component of the lithosphere, a solidified division of Earth's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. The lithosphere is broken into
Earth's_crust
Earth, minus the oceans and atmosphere
crust – Earth's outer shell of rock Geosphere – Collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere Journal of Geophysical
Solid_earth
Small tectonic plate in the eastern North Pacific
Earth's lithosphere and the asthenosphere under the Juan de Fuca microplate. The study extends the theory of partial melt in the lithosphere-asthenosphere
Juan_de_Fuca_plate
Global sum of all ecosystems on Earth
relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The biosphere is postulated
Biosphere
Piece of subcontinental land surrounded by water
These chains are thought to form from volcanic hotspots, areas of the lithosphere where the mantle is hotter than the surrounding area. These hotspots
Island
Earth system sphere of non-living human creations
technosphere can be considered one of the spheres of the Earth, like the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, pedosphere and biosphere. It includes all non-living
Technosphere
Geologic province in the Pacific Northwest of North America
its origins in continental rifting—an area where the Earth's crust and lithosphere is being pulled apart. This differs from other portions of the Pacific
Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province
Northern_Cordilleran_Volcanic_Province
different pieces (possibly terranes) of ancient continental and oceanic lithosphere stuck together by younger igneous, volcanic, and sedimentary rocks. During
Geography_of_Turkey
First period of the Cenozoic Era
The rate of convergence was less than the subduction rate of the dense lithosphere of the western Mediterranean and roll-back of the subducting slab led
Paleogene
Mesoproterozoic mountain-building event
of the continental crust was already taking place and thickening the lithosphere. By 1.19 Ga the Elzevir back arc basin was closing. From 1.18 to 1.14
Grenville_orogeny
Geological phenomenon
the mechanically rigid lithosphere, it becomes denser than the surrounding material. Additional material added to the lithosphere thickens it and further
Thermal_subsidence
forebulge is a flexural bulge in front as a result of a load on the lithosphere, often caused by tectonic interactions and glaciations. An example of
Forebulge
Scientific study of Earth's physical composition
period of geologic time. In the 1960s, it was discovered that the Earth's lithosphere, which includes the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle
Geology
Form of carbon
depths of 150–250 km in the lithosphere. Such depths occur below cratons in mantle keels, the thickest part of the lithosphere. These regions have high enough
Diamond
Period of mountain building in North America
continent, and the underlying oceanic lithosphere actually caused drag on the root of the overlying continental lithosphere. One cause for shallow subduction
Laramide_orogeny
Uplifted and exposed oceanic crust
stratigraphic-like sequence observed in ophiolites corresponds to the lithosphere-forming processes at mid-oceanic ridges. From top to bottom, the layers
Ophiolite
Features of the moon of Jupiter
stresses are considered to be responsible for the deformation of the lithosphere. Folding and faulting form all kinds of topographic features on Io. Overburden
Mountains_of_Io
Tectonic belt of earthquakes and volcanoes
subduction zones. If a tectonic plate's oceanic lithosphere is subducted beneath oceanic lithosphere of another plate, a volcanic island arc is created
Ring_of_Fire
Interactions that create Earth's climate
(air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things). Climate
Climate_system
Large body of salt water
central core, a mostly liquid mantle and a hard rigid outer shell (or lithosphere), which is composed of the Earth's rocky crust and the deeper mostly
Sea
Rock formed by the deposition and cementation of particles
a basin depend on tectonics, movements within the Earth's lithosphere. Where the lithosphere moves upward (tectonic uplift), land eventually rises above
Sedimentary_rock
Deformation dominated by horizontal movement in Earth's lithosphere
dominated by lateral (horizontal) movements within the Earth's crust (and lithosphere). Where a zone of strike-slip tectonics forms the boundary between two
Strike-slip_tectonics
Biogeochemical cycle
of biogeochemical processes through which fluorine moves through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Fluorine originates from the
Fluorine_cycle
Oceanic trench in the Indian Ocean
Oceanic crust is formed at the mid-oceanic ridge, while the lithosphere is subducted back into the asthenosphere at trenches like that of Sunda Trench
Sunda_Trench
Tectonic recycling process
Crustal recycling is a tectonic process by which surface material from the lithosphere is recycled into the mantle by subduction erosion or delamination. The
Crustal_recycling
Where tectonic plates meet at a convergent boundary
meet at a convergent boundary both bearing continental lithosphere. As continental lithosphere is usually not subducted due to its relatively low density
Collision_zone
Difference between ideal and observed gravitational acceleration at a location
rise may instead be a result of lithosphere thinning: The underlying aesthenosphere is less dense than the lithosphere and it rises to produce the swell
Gravity_anomaly
Upwelling of abnormally hot rock within Earth's mantle
driven by upper mantle convection, mainly the sinking of cold plates of lithosphere back into the asthenosphere. the punctuated, intermittently dominant
Mantle_plume
Gradual movement of the planet's mantle
surface. The Earth's lithosphere rides atop the asthenosphere, and the two form the components of the upper mantle. The lithosphere is divided into tectonic
Mantle_convection
Seismic zone (geology)
the low-velocity zone (LVZ) occurs close to the boundary between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere in the upper mantle. It is characterized by unusually
Low-velocity_zone
Extinct volcanic area in South Island, New Zealand
flaking off of the base of Zealandia's lower lithosphere into the asthenosphere. Zealandia has a thin lithosphere, as it has been extended while rafting away
Dunedin_volcanic_group
Rise of land masses after glacial period
is supported by the mantle and the flexure of the lithosphere. Since the mantle and the lithosphere continuously respond to the changing ice and water
Post-glacial_rebound
Study of decomposition and fossilization of organisms
of remains, parts, or products of organisms from the biosphere to the lithosphere. The term taphomorph is used to describe fossil structures that represent
Taphonomy
Movement of Earth's continents relative to each other
the movement of the continents as they ride on plates of the Earth's lithosphere. The speculation that continents might have "drifted" was first put forward
Continental_drift
American seismologist
for her research on the structure of Earth's mantle, in particular its lithosphere and asthenosphere. Fischer has a B.S. in geology and geophysics from
Karen_M._Fischer
Long and narrow depressions of the sea floor
vary from a few millimeters to over ten centimeters per year. Oceanic lithosphere moves into trenches at a global rate of about 3 km2 (1.2 sq mi) per year
Oceanic_trench
Small tectonic plate south of the South American plate
of the Scotia Sea and subduction roll back of South American oceanic lithosphere created the ancestral Scotia plate. The South Sandwich Microplate separated
South_Sandwich_plate
zinc cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that transports zinc through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Zinc-containing minerals in the Earth's
Zinc_cycle
Danish professor (born 1961)
Her research focuses on global and regional studies of the Earth's lithosphere. Artemieva graduated from the Physics Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State
Irina_Artemieva
Earthquake with a hypocenter depth exceeding 300 km
exclusively at convergent boundaries in association with subducted oceanic lithosphere. They occur along a dipping tabular zone beneath the subduction zone
Deep-focus_earthquake
Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the lithosphere at 82,000 ppm. It occurs in low levels, 0.9 ppm, in humans. Aluminum is known to be an
Aluminum_cycle
LITHOSPHERE
LITHOSPHERE
LITHOSPHERE
LITHOSPHERE
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Always Speaking Lie
Girl/Female
Hindu
Girl/Female
Muslim
Dew
Girl/Female
British, English
Elf Power
Boy/Male
Tamil
Dinapati | திநபதிÂ
The Sun
Female
Welsh
Welsh name TIWLIP means "tulip."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese
Who Resembles God
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Glad; Cheerful; Joyful
Girl/Female
Muslim
Sky, Heaven
LITHOSPHERE
LITHOSPHERE
LITHOSPHERE
LITHOSPHERE
LITHOSPHERE