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Mathematical series with a finite sum
{\displaystyle S_{n}=a_{1}+a_{2}+\cdots +a_{n}=\sum _{k=1}^{n}a_{k}.} A series is convergent (or converges) if the sequence ( S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , … ) {\displaystyle
Convergent_series
Infinite sum
functions. A series is said to be semi-convergent (or conditionally convergent) if it is convergent but not absolutely convergent. Semi-convergent series were
Series_(mathematics)
Mode of convergence of an infinite series
In mathematics, an infinite series of numbers is said to converge absolutely (or to be absolutely convergent) if the sum of the absolute values of the
Absolute_convergence
Mode of convergence of a function sequence
D_{R}} , the series is also uniformly convergent on S . {\displaystyle S.} Every uniformly convergent sequence is locally uniformly convergent. Every locally
Uniform_convergence
Unconditionally convergent series converge absolutely
if an infinite series of real numbers is conditionally convergent, then its terms can be arranged in a permutation so that the new series converges to an
Riemann_series_theorem
Infinite series whose terms alternate in sign
for all n. Like any series, an alternating series is a convergent series if and only if the sequence of partial sums of the series converges to a limit
Alternating_series
Analytic function in mathematics
similar, equivalent series was published by Joseph Ser in 1926. In 1997 K. Maślanka gave another globally convergent (except s = 1) series for the Riemann
Riemann_zeta_function
reciprocals (or sum of inverses) is defined as the sum of reciprocals of some series of positive integers (counting numbers). It is a sum of unit fractions.
List_of_sums_of_reciprocals
Property of infinite series
mathematics, a series or integral is said to be conditionally convergent if it converges, but it does not converge absolutely. More precisely, a series of real
Conditional_convergence
Topics referred to by the same term
refer to: Convergent boundary, a type of plate tectonic boundary Convergent (continued fraction) Convergent evolution Convergent series Convergent may also
Convergent
Divergent sum of positive unit fractions
equal terms shows that the second series diverges (because every grouping of convergent series is only convergent): 1 + ( 1 2 ) + ( 1 4 + 1 4 ) + ( 1
Harmonic_series_(mathematics)
Convergence test for a series
test which constructs from a divergent series a series that diverges more slowly, and from convergent series one that converges more slowly. Consequently
Abel–Dini–Pringsheim_theorem
Order-independent convergence of a sequence
series is unconditionally convergent if all reorderings of the series converge to the same value. In contrast, a series is conditionally convergent if
Unconditional_convergence
Mathematical approximation of a function
its Taylor series, even if its Taylor series is convergent. A function is analytic at a point x if it is equal to the sum of its Taylor series in some open
Taylor_series
Infinite sum of monomials
} is not a power series. A power series ∑ n = 0 ∞ a n ( x − c ) n {\textstyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }a_{n}(x-c)^{n}} is convergent for some values of
Power_series
Mathematical criterion about whether a series converges
Then ∑ a n b n {\displaystyle \sum a_{n}b_{n}} is also convergent. Every absolutely convergent series converges. Suppose the following statements are true:
Convergence_tests
Series of functions in mathematics
f(x)\sim \sum _{m=0}^{\infty }a_{m}\varphi _{m}(x)\quad (x\to L)\ .} A convergent series for any fixed x {\displaystyle x} approximates the function as the
Asymptotic_expansion
Special function defined by an integral
\cdots } These series are convergent at any complex x {\displaystyle x} , although for | x | ≫ 1 {\displaystyle |x|\gg 1} , the series will converge
Trigonometric_integral
Infinite series that is not convergent
a divergent series is an infinite series that is not convergent, meaning that the infinite sequence of the partial sums of the series does not have
Divergent_series
Special function defined by an integral
5} , the result is inaccurate due to cancellation. A faster converging series was found by Ramanujan: E i ( x ) = γ + ln x + exp ( x / 2 ) ∑ n = 1
Exponential_integral
Collection of short stories by Larry Niven
Convergent Series is a collection of science fiction and fantasy short stories by American writer Larry Niven, published in 1979. It is also the name
Convergent Series (short story collection)
Convergent_Series_(short_story_collection)
Approximation for factorials
Society in 1763, that Stirling's formula did not give a convergent series. Obtaining a convergent version of Stirling's formula entails evaluating Binet's
Stirling's_approximation
Type of convergence
vector space), the series ∑ n = 0 ∞ f n ( x ) {\displaystyle \sum _{n=0}^{\infty }f_{n}(x)} is called normally convergent if the series of uniform norms
Normal_convergence
Mathematical techniques for summing divergent infinite series
summation of convergent series, but it has interesting properties, such as: If R(x) tends to a finite limit when x → 1, then the series ∑ n ≥ 1 R f (
Ramanujan_summation
Harmonic series with all terms containing the digit '9' removed
convergent series. For example, the sum of 1/n where n has at most one 9, is a convergent series. But the sum of 1/n where n has no 9 is convergent.
Kempner_series
Number, approximately 3.14
pp. 53–54. Cooker, M. J. (2011). "Fast formulas for slowly convergent alternating series" (PDF). Mathematical Gazette. 95 (533): 218–226. doi:10.1017/S0025557200002928
Pi
Statistical test for causality
Convergent cross mapping (CCM) is a statistical test for a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables that, like the Granger causality test, seeks
Convergent_cross_mapping
1971 science fiction short story collection by Larry Niven
carnivorous aliens as food animals. In the notes to his collection Convergent Series, Niven wrote that "Bordered in Black" does not belong to the Known
Inconstant_Moon
Operation common in numerical signal processing
for division (using multiplication seeded by reciprocal, via the convergent series (1+x)−1). The first modern processors to be equipped with MAC units
Multiply–accumulate_operation
Region of active deformation between colliding tectonic plates
A convergent boundary (also known as a destructive boundary) is an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. One plate eventually slides
Convergent_boundary
Infinite series summing alternating 1 and -1 terms
the series converges to 1/2. Treating Grandi's series as a divergent geometric series and using the same algebraic methods that evaluate convergent geometric
Grandi's_series
Infinite series in mathematical analysis
If a Dirichlet series is convergent at s 0 = σ 0 + t 0 i {\displaystyle s_{0}=\sigma _{0}+t_{0}i} , then it is uniformly convergent in the domain | arg
General_Dirichlet_series
Former American computer company
Convergent Technologies, Inc., was an American computer company formed by a small group of people who left Intel Corporation and Xerox PARC in 1979. Among
Convergent_Technologies
Independent evolution of similar features
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures
Convergent_evolution
Used in the summation of divergent series
summation method gives the usual sum for convergent series, and is called "Tauberian" if it gives conditions for a series summable by some method that allows
Abelian and Tauberian theorems
Abelian_and_Tauberian_theorems
Power series with negative powers
negative degree power series converge. Furthermore, this convergence will be uniform on compact sets. Finally, the convergent series defines a holomorphic
Laurent_series
Theorem to simplify sums of products of sequences
stability for long-time simulation, and high order of accuracy. Convergent series Divergent series Integration by parts Cesàro summation Abel's theorem Abel
Summation_by_parts
Number of partitions of an integer
v=5} terms of the series. In 1937, Hans Rademacher was able to improve on Hardy and Ramanujan's results by providing a convergent series expression for p
Partition function (number theory)
Partition_function_(number_theory)
Mathematical ring whose elements are matrices
absolutely convergent series can be used instead of finite sums. For example, the matrices whose column sums are absolutely convergent sequences form
Matrix_ring
Ability to answer questions correctly without the need for novel ideas
Convergent thinking is a term coined by Joy Paul Guilford as the opposite of divergent thinking. It generally means the ability to give the "correct" answer
Convergent_thinking
Decomposition of periodic functions
periodic function is not convergent at the harmonic frequencies. Some common pairs of periodic functions and their Fourier series coefficients are shown
Fourier_series
Topics referred to by the same term
television episode "Dry Run", a short story by Larry Niven collected in Convergent Series "Dry Run", a song by Acid King from Zoroaster "Dry Run", a song by
Dry_run
Sum of the inverses of the positive cubes
retrieved 28 July 2020. Amdeberhan, Tewodros (1996), "Faster and faster convergent series for ζ ( 3 ) {\displaystyle \zeta (3)} ", Electronic Journal of Combinatorics
Apéry's_constant
Topics referred to by the same term
state have a transformation to the same end state Limit of a sequence Convergent series, the process of some functions and sequences approaching a limit under
Convergence
English mathematician (1931–2017)
Wynn, P. (1956). "A note on Salzer's method for summing certain convergent series". J. Math. Phys. 35: 318–320. doi:10.1002/sapm1956351318. MR 0086910
Peter_Wynn_(mathematician)
Sum of an (infinite) geometric progression
=\sum _{k=0}^{\infty }ar^{k}.} The result of an infinite series can be either convergent or divergent. Convergence means there is a value after summing
Geometric_series
Multivalued function in mathematics
x=cx^{a}.} He then put a = 1 {\displaystyle a=1} and obtained a convergent series solution for the resulting equation, expressing x {\displaystyle
Lambert_W_function
Probability distribution
distribution cannot be represented as an infinite convergent series. In particular, its Taylor formal series diverges: ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( i t ) n n ! e n μ + n 2
Log-normal_distribution
German-born American mathematician
convergent series for the partition function P(n), the number of integer partitions of a number, improving upon Ramanujan's asymptotic non-convergent
Hans_Rademacher
Infinite sum that is considered independently from any notion of convergence
mathematical analysis, every convergent power series defines a function with values in the real or complex numbers. Formal power series over certain special rings
Formal_power_series
Function on an integer n which is log(p) if n equals p^k and zero otherwise
{\displaystyle \sum _{n}c_{n}\lambda ^{-n}\,} can be shown to be a convergent series for λ > 1. There is an explicit formula for the summatory Mangoldt
Von_Mangoldt_function
Test for convergence of alternating series
In mathematical analysis, the alternating series test proves that an alternating series is convergent when its terms decrease monotonically in absolute
Alternating_series_test
Special function defined by an integral
} As an asymptotic expansion, this series is not convergent: it is a reasonable approximation only if the series is truncated at a finite number of terms
Logarithmic_integral_function
Value approached by a mathematical object
value. Otherwise, the series is conditionally convergent. A surprising result for conditionally convergent series is the Riemann series theorem: depending
Limit_(mathematics)
Type of convergence
series of functions. Like absolute-convergence, it has the useful property that it is preserved when the order of summation is changed. A convergent series
Uniform_absolute-convergence
American mathematician
the case of a convergent series many terms are needed to get a good approximation: “Divergent series converge faster than convergent series because they
George_F._Carrier
Topics referred to by the same term
called the Riemann series theorem see also Lévy–Steinitz theorem A permutation of the terms of a conditionally convergent series Chromosomal rearrangements
Rearrangement
power series in a small expansion parameter, say s = ∑ n = 0 ∞ a n g n {\displaystyle s=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }a_{n}g^{n}} , into a convergent series in powers
Variational perturbation theory
Variational_perturbation_theory
"Known Space" and non-"Known Space" stories. A Hole in Space (1974) Convergent Series (1979) Niven's Laws (1984) Limits (1985) N-Space (1990) Playgrounds
Larry_Niven_bibliography
Concept in mathematics
proof). It is not sufficient for both series to be convergent; if both sequences are conditionally convergent, the Cauchy product does not have to converge
Cauchy_product
Mathematical series
L = { ∑ n = 1 ∞ a n If convergent 0 otherwise {\displaystyle L={\begin{cases}\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }a_{n}&{\text{If convergent}}\\0&{\text{otherwise}}\end{cases}}}
Dirichlet_series
Test for series convergence
\sum a_{n}b_{n}} is also convergent. The test is mainly pertinent and useful in the context of non-absolutely convergent series ∑ a n {\textstyle \sum a_{n}}
Abel's_test
Mathematical process used for removing subexpressions from a mathematical expression
used in the context of infinite series, whose terms can be cancelled out to get a finite sum or a convergent series. In this case, the term telescoping
Cancelling_out
Number with a real and an imaginary part
consequence of general basic facts about convergent power series and the definitions of the involved functions as power series. As a special case, this includes
Complex_number
Determining convergence in mathematics
absolutely convergent. Note that in this last statement, the series ∑ a n {\displaystyle \sum a_{n}} could still be conditionally convergent; for real-valued
Direct_comparison_test
Indian mathematician (1887–1920)
studied the partition function P(n) extensively. They gave a non-convergent asymptotic series that permits exact computation of the number of partitions of
Srinivasa_Ramanujan
Technique to solve differential equations
topology to generate a convergent series solution for nonlinear systems. This is enabled by utilizing a homotopy-Maclaurin series to deal with the nonlinearities
Homotopy_analysis_method
Association of one output to each input
However, as the coefficients of a series are quite arbitrary, a function that is the sum of a convergent series is generally defined otherwise, and
Function_(mathematics)
Number of subsets of a given size
by absolutely converging series when x and/or y are close enough to zero, but are not necessarily absolutely convergent series for arbitrary values of
Binomial_coefficient
Decomposition of an integer as a sum of positive integers
represent the partition function p ( n ) {\displaystyle p(n)} by the convergent series p ( n ) = 1 π 2 ∑ k = 1 ∞ A k ( n ) k ⋅ d d n ( 1 n − 1 24 sinh
Integer_partition
Functions of an angle
trick. Combining the (–n)-th with the n-th term lead to absolutely convergent series: π cot π x = 1 x + 2 x ∑ n = 1 ∞ 1 x 2 − n 2 . {\displaystyle \pi
Trigonometric_functions
Taylor series for the natural logarithm
{z^{n}}{n(n-1)}}-{\frac {z^{m+1}}{m}},} observing that the right-hand side is uniformly convergent on the whole closed unit disk. John Craig Natural logarithm plus 1 Vermij
Mercator_series
Number, approximately 2.41421
sigmary scale. Every real number x in [0,1] can be represented as a convergent series x = ∑ n = 1 ∞ a n σ n , {\displaystyle x=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac
Silver_ratio
Constant in crystallography
Borwein and Taylor, uses analytic continuation of an absolutely convergent series. There are many practical methods for calculating Madelung's constant
Madelung_constant
of an infinite series. absolute convergence An infinite series of numbers is said to converge absolutely (or to be absolutely convergent) if the sum of
Glossary_of_calculus
Mathematical concept
converges to the meromorphic function defined by the ratio of the two convergent series (provided, of course, that a is neither zero nor a negative integer)
Gauss's_continued_fraction
Polygonal curve made from right triangles
(OEIS: A105459). The aforementioned constant can be computed by the rapidly convergent series K = ∑ m = 0 ∞ ( − 1 ) m ζ ( m + 1 2 ) 2 m + 1 {\displaystyle K=\sum
Spiral_of_Theodorus
Mathematical sequence of numbers
result (convergence) or otherwise (divergence). An infinite geometric series is convergent if the absolute value of a common ratio is less than one | r | <
Geometric_progression
Orlicz–Pettis theorem is a theorem in functional analysis concerning convergent series (Orlicz) or, equivalently, countable additivity of measures (Pettis)
Orlicz–Pettis_theorem
Set of integers whose sum of reciprocals diverges
finitely many small sets is small, because the sum of two convergent series is a convergent series. (Hence, the small sets form an ideal on the set of positive
Large_set_(combinatorics)
Mathematical series
binomial series when α = 1 {\displaystyle \alpha =1} , convergent in the disc | x | < 1 {\displaystyle |x|<1} ) and, more generally, series obtained by
Binomial_series
Property of a sequence or series
mathematics, there are many senses in which a sequence or a series is said to be convergent. Convergence can be defined in terms of sequences in first-countable
Modes_of_convergence
the series called a b-convex series. The convex series ∑ i = 1 ∞ r i x i {\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{\infty }r_{i}x_{i}} is said to be a convergent series
Convex_series
In Larry Niven's short story "Singularities Make Me Nervous", from Convergent Series, the protagonist, speaking in the future, describes his apartment
Eddie_Jones_(artist)
Constants in the zeta function's Laurent series expansion
_{2}{k}-\lfloor \log _{2}{2k}\rfloor \right)} Israilov gave semi-convergent series in terms of Bernoulli numbers B 2 k {\displaystyle B_{2k}} γ m = ∑
Stieltjes_constants
Vector space of infinite sequences
the set of natural numbers. Other important classes of sequences like convergent sequences or null sequences form sequence spaces, respectively denoted
Sequence_space
Special function defined by a Gaussian integral
Jones studied the generalized Goodwin–Staton integral and obtained convergent series representations. Specializing Jones's equation (2.11) gives, for |
Goodwin–Staton_integral
Mathematical concept
\mathbb {Z} }f_{k}r^{|k|}e^{2\pi ikx}.} Rearranging this absolutely convergent series shows that f is the boundary value of g + h, where g (resp. h) is
Poisson_kernel
Power series with rational exponents
{\displaystyle x^{1/6}.} Because a complex number has n nth roots, a convergent Puiseux series typically defines n functions in a neighborhood of 0. Puiseux's
Puiseux_series
Algebraic structure with addition and multiplication
for convergent series. It contains R[t] as a subring. A formal power series ring does not have the universal property of a polynomial ring; a series may
Ring_(mathematics)
Discrete probability distribution
probability of event Z. Let Y = Σ xiai and let Y be an almost surely convergent series in a Banach space. The for t > 0 and s ≥ 1 we have Pr ( ‖ Y ‖ > s
Rademacher_distribution
Uses of the constant
and setting z = 1 / 2 {\displaystyle z=1/2} , we obtain a rapidly convergent series for e − 2 π {\displaystyle e^{-2\pi }} : e − 2 π = w 2 + 4 w 6 + 34
List_of_formulae_involving_π
Mathematical theorem
a series expansion with this formula for all possible choices of the free summation indices. Select the lowest complexity index, convergent series expansion
Ramanujan's_master_theorem
see limit of a sequence or divergent series Convergent sequence – see limit of a sequence or convergent series Cauchy sequence – a sequence whose elements
List_of_real_analysis_topics
Generalized chain rule in calculus
{\displaystyle h} evaluated at 0 if we were dealing with convergent series rather than formal power series) is given by c n = ∑ π = { B 1 , … , B k } a | B 1
Faà_di_Bruno's_formula
Number that remains the same when its digits are reversed
A281508. The sum of the reciprocals of the palindromic numbers is a convergent series, whose value is approximately 3.37028... (sequence A118031 in the
Palindromic_number
US engineering software company
Convergent Science is an engineering software company which has its headquarters in Madison, Wisconsin. The company develops and supports CONVERGE CFD
Convergent_Science
Family of power series in mathematics
{\displaystyle n} is a rational function of n {\displaystyle n} . The series, if convergent, defines a generalized hypergeometric function, which may then be
Generalized hypergeometric function
Generalized_hypergeometric_function
Mathematical formula involving a given set of operations
ways are introduced for specifying mathematical objects, such as limits, series, and integrals: given an object specified with such tools, a natural problem
Closed-form_expression
Criterion for the convergence of a series
exist, then the test is inconclusive, because there exist both convergent and divergent series that satisfy this case. It is possible to make the ratio test
Ratio_test
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CONVERGENT SERIES
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CONVERGENT SERIES
CONVERGENT SERIES
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CONVERGENT SERIES
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