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Criterion for the convergence of a series
In mathematical analysis, the ratio test is a test (or "criterion") for the convergence of a series ∑ n = 1 ∞ a n , {\displaystyle \sum _{n=1}^{\infty
Ratio_test
Statistical test that compares goodness of fit
In statistics, the likelihood-ratio test is a hypothesis test that involves comparing the goodness of fit of two competing statistical models, typically
Likelihood-ratio_test
Hypothesis test in mathematics
The sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) is a specific sequential hypothesis test, developed by Abraham Wald and later proven to be optimal by Wald
Sequential probability ratio test
Sequential_probability_ratio_test
Statistical hypothesis test
An F-test is a statistical test that compares variances. It is used to determine if the variances of two samples, or if the ratios of variances among
F-test
A company's liquid assets divided by its current liabilities
In finance, the quick ratio, also known as the acid-test ratio, is a liquidity ratio that measures the ability of a company to use near-cash assets (or
Quick_ratio
Number of incorrect bits transmitted
also known as a "bit error ratio tester" or bit error rate test solution (BERTs) is electronic test equipment used to test the quality of signal transmission
Bit_error_rate
Likelihood ratios used for assessing the value of performing a diagnostic test
In evidence-based medicine, likelihood ratios are used for assessing the value of performing a diagnostic test. They combine sensitivity and specificity
Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing
Likelihood_ratios_in_diagnostic_testing
Statistical model for a binary dependent variable
likelihood-ratio test (LRT), which for these data give p ≈ 0.00064 {\displaystyle p\approx 0.00064} (see § Deviance and likelihood ratio tests below). This
Logistic_regression
Mathematical criterion about whether a series converges
the root test is inconclusive, and the series may converge or diverge. The root test is stronger than the ratio test: whenever the ratio test determines
Convergence_tests
Measure of the strength of a road subgrade
Recent research has extended the application of the California bearing ratio (CBR) test by linking its results to fundamental material properties and realistic
California_bearing_ratio
Statistical test
multiplier test and the likelihood-ratio test, the Wald test is one of three classical approaches to hypothesis testing. An advantage of the Wald test over
Wald_test
Autoimmune disease resulting in skeletal muscle weakness
of four ratio (i.e., ToFr) is a neuromuscular test for monitoring neuromuscular function (see monitoring neuromuscular blockade). In this test, a peripheral
Myasthenia_gravis
Blood test that evaluates clotting
plasma is extracted from the test tube and placed into a measuring test tube (Note: for an accurate measurement, the ratio of blood to citrate needs to
Prothrombin_time
Ratio of competing statistical models
Bayes factor can be thought of as a Bayesian analog to the likelihood-ratio test, although it uses the integrated (i.e., marginal) likelihood rather than
Bayes_factor
Statistical test based on the gradient of the likelihood function
true, the likelihood ratio test, the Wald test, and the score test are asymptotically equivalent tests of hypotheses. When testing nested models, the statistics
Score_test
Theorem about the power of the likelihood ratio test
describes the existence and uniqueness of the likelihood ratio as a uniformly most powerful test in certain contexts. It was introduced by Jerzy Neyman
Neyman–Pearson_lemma
Theoretically optimal hypothesis test
all possible tests of a given size α. For example, according to the Neyman–Pearson lemma, the likelihood-ratio test is UMP for testing simple (point)
Uniformly_most_powerful_test
Statistical significance test
Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test must be used instead of Fisher's test. Choi et al. propose a p-value derived from the likelihood ratio test based on the conditional
Fisher's_exact_test
Statistical test
In statistics, G-tests are likelihood-ratio or maximum likelihood statistical significance tests that are increasingly being used in situations where
G-test
Function related to statistics and probability theory
the likelihood ratio. In frequentist inference, the likelihood ratio is the basis for a test statistic, the so-called likelihood-ratio test. By the Neyman–Pearson
Likelihood_function
Swiss mathematician (1801–1859)
1801 – 22 January 1859) was a Swiss mathematician best known for Raabe's ratio test. Raabe was born on 15 May 1801 into a Jewish family in Brody, Austrian
Joseph_Ludwig_Raabe
Mathematical series with a finite sum
series diverges. If r = 1, the ratio test is inconclusive, and the series may converge or diverge. Root test or nth root test. Suppose that the terms of the
Convergent_series
Statistical property of a test item
freedom. The Likelihood-ratio test is another IRT based method for assessing DIF. This procedure involves comparing the ratio of two models. Under model
Differential_item_functioning
Criterion for the convergence of an infinite series
mathematics, the root test (sometimes called the Cauchy root test or Cauchy's radical test) is a criterion for the convergence (a convergence test) of an infinite
Root_test
Metric for fit of statistical models
Kernelized Stein discrepancy Zhang's ZK, ZC and ZA tests Moran test Density Based Empirical Likelihood Ratio tests In regression analysis, more specifically regression
Goodness_of_fit
Sequential analysis technique
1954, a few years after the publication of Wald's sequential probability ratio test (SPRT). Page referred to a "quality number" θ {\displaystyle \theta }
CUSUM
Medical condition
Diabetes Care. 29 (4): 924–925. doi:10.2337/diacare.29.04.06.dc06-1555. PMID 16567839. Microalbumin and Urine Albumin/Creatinine Ratio – Lab Tests Online
Microalbuminuria
Statistical theorem
likelihood-ratio test. Statistical tests (such as hypothesis testing) generally require knowledge of the probability distribution of the test statistic
Wilks'_theorem
Mathematical constant
{1}{21}}+\cdots .} Because the ratio of successive terms tends to the reciprocal of the golden ratio, which is less than 1, the ratio test shows that the sum converges
Reciprocal_Fibonacci_constant
Statistical test of variance
Omnibus tests are a kind of statistical test. They test whether the explained variance in a set of data is significantly greater than the unexplained
Omnibus_test
Sum of an (infinite) geometric progression
series summing the terms of an infinite geometric sequence, in which the ratio of consecutive terms is constant. For example, the series 1 2 + 1 4 + 1
Geometric_series
Hypothesis test to compare the survival distributions of two samples
The logrank test, or log-rank test, is a hypothesis test to compare the survival distributions of two samples. It is a nonparametric test and appropriate
Logrank_test
Formula for measuring financial risk
The U.S. stock market had a Sharpe ratio of 0.49 for the same period. Several statistical tests of the Sharpe ratio have been proposed. These include those
Sharpe_ratio
Ratio used in biochemistry
The AST/ALT ratio or De Ritis ratio is the ratio between the concentrations of two enzymes, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase, a.k
AST/ALT_ratio
Domain of convergence of power series
radius, meaning that f is an entire function. The limit involved in the ratio test is usually easier to compute, and when that limit exists, it shows that
Radius_of_convergence
If the sequential probability ratio test is used as the termination criterion, it implicitly assumes a starting ratio of 1.0 (equal probability of the
Computerized classification test
Computerized_classification_test
Term in statistical hypothesis testing
method Neyman–Pearson lemma – Theorem about the power of the likelihood ratio test Sample size – Statistical considerations on how many observations to makePages
Power_(statistics)
Device to couple energy between circuits
ratio parameters can be derived from the following tests: open-circuit test, short-circuit test, winding resistance test, and transformer ratio test.
Transformer
Measure of the effectiveness of a diagnostic test
In medical testing with binary classification, the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) is a measure of the effectiveness of a diagnostic test. It is defined as
Diagnostic_odds_ratio
Number, approximately 1.618
In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities. Expressed
Golden_ratio
Type of genetic selection favoring one extreme phenotype
frequencies is the QTL sign test, and other tests include the Ka/Ks ratio test and the relative rate test. The QTL sign test compares the number of antagonistic
Directional_selection
Ratio of the desired signal to the background noise
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR or S/N) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background
Signal-to-noise_ratio
test Kuiper's test Likelihood-ratio test Median test Mann–Whitney U test Pearson's chi-squared test Rank product test Shapiro–Wilk test Statistical hypothesis
List_of_tests
Statistic quantifying the association between two events
odds ratio (OR) is a statistic that quantifies the strength of the association between two events, A and B. The odds ratio is defined as the ratio of the
Odds_ratio
Statistical estimator for ratio of means
used in experimental or survey work. The ratio estimates are asymmetrical so symmetrical tests such as the t test should not be used to generate confidence
Ratio_estimator
Japanese company
the Lumipulse® G pTau 217/β-Amyloid 1-42 Plasma Ratio test, the first FDA-cleared blood-based IVD test to aid in identifying amyloid pathology associated
Fujirebio
Financial theory
have been proposed, for example, the variance ratio (VR) tests, the Hurst exponent and surrogate data testing. Burton G. Malkiel, an economics professor
Random_walk_hypothesis
Probability distribution
about as the ratio of two normally distributed variables with zero mean. Two other distributions often used in test-statistics are also ratio distributions:
Ratio_distribution
Statistical hypothesis test
Tukey's test of additivity The portmanteau test in time-series analysis, testing for the presence of autocorrelation Likelihood-ratio tests in general
Chi-squared_test
Probabilities of the presence of a condition
accurately by using a likelihood ratio for the test. Likelihood ratio is calculated from sensitivity and specificity of the test, and thereby it does not depend
Pre- and post-test probability
Pre-_and_post-test_probability
Estimate of the importance of a word in a document
variants were shown to arise as components in the test statistic of a penalized likelihood-ratio test for word burstiness based on a beta-binomial statistical
Tf–idf
Ancient Mesoamerican city
Archaeologists have also performed oxygen isotope ratio testing and strontium isotope ratio testing to determine, using the bones and the teeth of the
Teotihuacan
Fluid surrounding a fetus within the amnion
nitrazine paper test and fern test. One main test that is performed on amniotic fluid is the L/S ratio test (lecithin/sphingomyelin). This test is used to
Amniotic_fluid
Estimator for quality of a statistical model
similar to using the likelihood-ratio test. There are, however, important distinctions. In particular, the likelihood-ratio test is valid only for nested models
Akaike_information_criterion
Form of computer-based test that adapts to the examinee's ability level
is the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT). This formulates the examinee classification problem as a hypothesis test that the examinee's ability is
Computerized_adaptive_testing
ratio Lies, damned lies, and statistics Life expectancy Life table Lift (data mining) Likelihood function Likelihood principle Likelihood-ratio test Likelihood
List_of_statistics_articles
Experiment methodology
A/B testing (also known as bucket testing, split-run testing or split testing) is a user-experience research method. A/B tests consist of a randomized
A/B_testing
Height/width of an image
The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height. It is expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, in the format width:height.
Aspect_ratio_(image)
Statistic used in statistical hypothesis testing
Many other tests can be found in other articles. Proofs exist that the test statistics are appropriate. Null distribution Likelihood-ratio test Neyman–Pearson
Test_statistic
Branch of statistics
Likelihood ratio test = 6.15 on 1 df, p=0.0131 Wald test = 6.24 on 1 df, p=0.0125 Score (log-rank) test = 6.47 on 1 df, p=0.0110 These three tests are asymptotically
Survival_analysis
Financial ratio comparing stock price to company book value
The price-to-book ratio, or P/B ratio, (also PBR) is a financial ratio used to compare a company's current market value to its book value (where book value
P/B_ratio
{\displaystyle \beta } . Formally, the error exponent of a test is defined as the limiting value of the ratio of the negative logarithm of the error probability
Error exponents in hypothesis testing
Error_exponents_in_hypothesis_testing
likelihood ratio criteria". Biometrika. 43: 295–303. doi:10.1093/biomet/43.3-4.295. Williams, D.A. (1976). "Improved Likelihood Ratio Tests for Complete
Multinomial_test
Statistical analysis where the sample size is not fixed in advance
Sequential estimation Sequential probability ratio test CUSUM Wald, Abraham (June 1945). "Sequential Tests of Statistical Hypotheses". The Annals of Mathematical
Sequential_analysis
Probability distribution and special case of gamma distribution
Likelihood-ratio test for nested models Log-rank test in survival analysis Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test for stratified contingency tables Wald test Score test It
Chi-squared_distribution
Collection of statistical models
Using the F-distribution is a natural candidate because the test statistic is the ratio of two scaled sums of squares each of which follows a scaled
Analysis_of_variance
Complex exponential in terms of sine and cosine
{z^{3}}{3!}}+\cdots =\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {z^{n}}{n!}}.} Using the ratio test, it is possible to show that this power series has an infinite radius
Euler's_formula
Statistical concept
generalizations of the likelihood ratio are (a) the generalized likelihood ratio as used in the standard, classical likelihood ratio test and (b) the Bayes factor
E-values
Chemical compound
not affect levels of epitestosterone in the body. As a result, tests to determine the ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone in urine are used to find
Epitestosterone
Ratio of males to females in a population
human sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population in the context of anthropology and demography. In humans, the natural sex ratio at birth
Human_sex_ratio
Continuous probability distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the F-distribution or F-ratio, also known as Snedecor's F distribution or the Fisher–Snedecor distribution (after
F-distribution
Measure of material deformation perpendicular to loading
In materials science and solid mechanics, Poisson's ratio (symbol: ν (nu)) is a measure of the Poisson effect, the deformation (expansion or contraction)
Poisson's_ratio
Statistical test for equality of variances
and relatively powerful. Bartlett's test for unequal variances, which is derived from the likelihood ratio test under the normal distribution. "plot
Brown–Forsythe_test
Statistical test
the test statistic. It is then questionable whether the same test statistic ought to be used. A likelihood-ratio test might be preferred, and the test statistic
Exact_test
Non-parametric classification method
k-NN classification. More robust statistical methods such as likelihood-ratio test can also be applied.[how?] Mathematics portal Nearest centroid classifier
K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm
Chance of wrongly rejecting the null hypothesis
positive ratio (also known as fall-out or false alarm rate ) is the probability of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis for a particular test. The false
False_positive_rate
Dividing things between two categories
(condition) ratios, yielding likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing. Taking the ratio of one of these groups of ratios yields a final ratio, the diagnostic
Binary_classification
Determining convergence in mathematics
test for convergence of real-valued series, similar to both the direct comparison test above and the ratio test, is called the ratio comparison test:
Direct_comparison_test
Monitors and Switch Controllers Return Band Alignment System Noise Power Ratio Test Sets Calibrators "Applied Instruments - About Us". www.appliedin.com.
Applied_Instruments
Statistical test used to test homoscedasticity
\chi _{k-1}^{2}} distribution). Bartlett's test is a modification of the corresponding likelihood ratio test designed to make the approximation to the
Bartlett's_test
Enlargement of the heart
health takes the ratio of heart area to chest area and has been called the two-dimensional cardiothoracic ratio. Electrocardiogram: This test records the electrical
Cardiomegaly
Battery of statistical tests
weak inverse of the 120×120 covariance matrix yields a test equivalent to the likelihood ratio test that the 120 cell counts came from the specified (asymptotically)
Diehard_tests
Test of fetal amniotic fluid to assess for lung immaturity
The lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio (L/S ratio or L-S ratio) is a test of fetal amniotic fluid to assess for fetal lung immaturity. Lungs require surfactant
Lecithin–sphingomyelin_ratio
Indicator for how well data points fit a line or curve
{L}}({\widehat {\theta }})))}=1-e^{-D/n}} where D is the test statistic of the likelihood ratio test. Nico Nagelkerke noted that it had the following properties:
Coefficient_of_determination
Concepts from statistical hypothesis testing
(1894–1981) Neyman–Pearson lemma – Theorem about the power of the likelihood ratio test Null hypothesis – Method of statistical inferencePages displaying short
Type_I_and_type_II_errors
Property of a display system
The contrast ratio (CR) is a property of a display system, defined as the ratio of the luminance of the brightest shade (white) to that of the darkest
Contrast_ratio
Measure of compacted soils or aggregrate
California bearing ratio test. Many other agencies have adopted the California pavement design method, and specify R-Value testing for subgrade soils
R-value_(soils)
Measure of aerodynamic efficiency
computer simulation. It is measured empirically by testing in a wind tunnel or in free flight test. The L/D ratio is affected by both the form drag of the body
Lift-to-drag_ratio
Cauchy condensation test Cauchy's convergence test Cauchy–Hadamard theorem Cauchy product Cauchy's radical test Cauchy ratio test Cauchy sequence Uniformly
List of things named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy
List_of_things_named_after_Augustin-Louis_Cauchy
Statistical property of measurement
constraints. The tenability of each model can be tested statistically by using a likelihood ratio test or other indices of fit. Meaningful comparisons
Measurement_invariance
Method of statistical inference
Fisher's method for combining independent tests of significance Granger causality Likelihood-ratio test – Statistical test that compares goodness of fit Look-elsewhere
Statistical_hypothesis_test
equality of variance include the Bartlett, Brown-Forsythe, and Fisher Ratio tests. Conover, W. J.; Iman, Ronald L. (1981). "Rank Transformations as a Bridge
Squared_ranks_test
Test of a machine's ability to imitate human intelligence
The Turing test was designed by Alan Turing to assess a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to that of a human by imitating interactive
Turing_test
Probability distribution used in multivariate hypothesis testing
distribution used in multivariate hypothesis testing, especially with regard to the likelihood-ratio test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)
Wilks's_lambda_distribution
Financial ratio
assets. Closely related to leveraging, the ratio is also known as risk ratio, gearing ratio or leverage ratio. The two components are often taken from the
Debt-to-equity_ratio
Laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample
fingerprick. Multiple tests for specific blood components, such as a glucose test or a cholesterol test, are often grouped together into one test panel called
Blood_test
Table that displays the frequency of variables
variety of statistical tests including Pearson's chi-squared test, the G-test, Fisher's exact test, Boschloo's test, and Barnard's test, provided the entries
Contingency_table
Overview of and topical guide to statistics
Likelihood-ratio test Wald test Score test Sequential probability ratio test Uniformly most powerful test Exact test Confidence interval Prediction interval
Outline_of_statistics
High-thrust turbofan jet engine
with the GE9X paused testing of the 777X. The GE9X increases fuel efficiency by 10% over the GE90. Its 61:1 overall pressure ratio should help provide
General_Electric_GE9X
Topics referred to by the same term
code LRT Louis Riel Trail, a highway in Saskatchewan, Canada Likelihood-ratio test, a method for comparing statistical models Little Round Top, a hill at
LRT
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