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Controlled Cryptographic Item (CCI) is a U.S. National Security Agency term for secure telecommunications or information handling equipment, an associated
Controlled_Cryptographic_Item
Encryption device
handle data at all levels of security. The KG-84 (A/C) is a Controlled Cryptographic Item (CCI) and is unclassified when unkeyed. Keyed KG-84 equipment
KG-84
Two-way radio system
AES encryption algorithms. As such, it is not classified as a Controlled Cryptographic Item (CCI). In accordance with JETDS, the "AN/PRC-153" designation
AN/PRC-153
U.S. government classification system
A algorithms categorizes the hardware that store them as a Controlled Cryptographic Item (CCI) under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, or
Classified information in the United States
Classified_information_in_the_United_States
Topics referred to by the same term
Interface, part of the Java EE Connector Architecture Controlled Cryptographic Item Copy Control Information The first type of Current conveyor, an electronic
CCI
Cryptography practises of the USA's National Security Agency
endorsed classified or controlled cryptographic item for classified or sensitive U.S. government information, including cryptographic equipment, assembly
NSA_cryptography
Discipline of telecommunications
communications systems and cryptographic equipment intercepts and the interception and analysis of compromising emanations from cryptographic equipment, information
Communications_security
Transfer from the United States to another country of technology related to cryptography
encryption equipment, TEMPEST-approved electronics, custom cryptographic software, and even cryptographic consulting services still require an export license
Export of cryptography from the United States
Export_of_cryptography_from_the_United_States
Term applied to cryptographic systems that are highly resistant to cryptanalysis
Strong cryptography or cryptographically strong are general terms used to designate the cryptographic algorithms that, when used correctly, provide a very
Strong_cryptography
Family of voice encryption devices
and tactical phone systems. These terminals are unclassified Controlled Cryptographic Items (CCI) when unkeyed and classified to the keymat of the key when
VINSON
Legislation regulating the export of harmful items
country. These items are considered to be controlled. The export of controlled item is regulated to restrict the harmful use of those items. Many governments
Export_control
Interface • Cryptographic hash function • Cryptographic key types • Cryptographic Message Syntax • Cryptographic primitive • Cryptographic protocol • Cryptographic
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Unclassified designation system for United States military electronic equipment
number and any modification letters indicates an item which directly contains NSA-controlled cryptographic material. For example: AN/PRC-163B(V)2(P)(C) would
Joint Electronics Type Designation System
Joint_Electronics_Type_Designation_System
Laws relating to encryption
cryptography. One particularly important issue has been the export of cryptography and cryptographic software and hardware. Probably because of the importance of
Cryptography_law
Device attached to a key or several keys
terms keychain and keyring are often used for software that stores cryptographic keys. The term is used in GNU Privacy Guard to store known keys on a
Keychain
Act of proving an assertion
verify and sign each other’s cryptographic keys, without relying on a central authority. These systems use cryptographic protocols that, in theory, are
Authentication
Division of the Indian armed forces
relating to public and private key management. Cryptographic products are export-controlled licensed items, and licenses to India are not generally available
Joint_Cipher_Bureau
Creating sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted
Werner (2008). "Random Number Generators for Cryptographic Applications". In Koc, C.K. (ed.). Cryptographic Engineering. Boston, MA: Springer US. pp. 5–23
Random_number_generation
Topics referred to by the same term
Designation System § Parenthetical C, indicating NSA-controlled cryptographic/classified items Circle-c (disambiguation) Copyright symbol (disambiguation)
(C)
Attempts to limit access to strong cryptography
encryption equipment, TEMPEST-approved electronics, custom cryptographic software, and even cryptographic consulting services still require an export license
Crypto_Wars
Communication protocol for cryptographic keys
communication protocol that defines message formats for the manipulation of cryptographic keys on a key management server. This facilitates data encryption by
Key Management Interoperability Protocol
Key_Management_Interoperability_Protocol
Protocol for use with Bitcoin transactions
based on a cryptographic signature. The contract and any payments linked to it are recorded on the blockchain using a unique cryptographic key that identifies
Colored_Coins
Military agency of Russia
be imported into Russia. FSTEC also liaises with the FSB, which controls cryptography in Russia. In 2019, FSTEC of Russia granted Astra Linux special
Federal Service for Technical and Export Control
Federal_Service_for_Technical_and_Export_Control
1990s legal case involving Snuffle encryption
of cryptographic software. In the early 1990s, the U.S. government classified encryption software as a "munition," imposing strict export controls. As
Bernstein_v._United_States
Uses of an apparent lack of pattern or predictability in events
science, art, statistics, cryptography, gaming, gambling, and other fields. For example, random assignment in randomized controlled trials helps scientists
Applications_of_randomness
Marker applied to material for detection purposes
identity and dosage of individual products. A software taggant is a cryptographic signature added to software that enables positive origin identification
Taggant
System that regulates the formation of blocks on a blockchain
work (also written as proof-of-work, and abbreviated PoW) is a form of cryptographic proof in which one party (the prover) proves to others (the verifiers)
Proof_of_work
Topics referred to by the same term
interaction session Security token or hardware token, authentication token or cryptographic token, a physical device for computer authentication Bearer token, a
Token
Activist advocating widespread use of strong cryptography
issues related to cryptography, as well as more practical nuts-and-bolts mathematical, computational, technological, and cryptographic matters. The list
Cypherpunk
2024 Android mobile operating system
and secure sensitive applications under an independent biometric or cryptographic lock layer, hiding their visibility from the primary application drawer
Android_15
Practice of completely wiping data from a storage medium
self-encrypting drives and cryptographic erase, available in addition to command-set methods. The drive usually performs fast cryptographic erasure when data is
Data_sanitization
Use of encryption technology to ensure human rights are maintained
encryption methods. Restrictions on distribution of cryptographic protocols, and the publication of cryptographic methods are considered an interference with
Human_rights_and_encryption
Sequence of operations for a task
Unisys's LZW patent. Additionally, some cryptographic algorithms have export restrictions (see export of cryptography). Recursion A recursive algorithm invokes
Algorithm
Relationship between objects
to Perceptual Control Theory (PCT), a reference condition is the state toward which a control system's output tends to alter a controlled quantity. The
Reference
Cryptographic hash function
BLAKE is a cryptographic hash function based on Daniel J. Bernstein's ChaCha stream cipher, but a permuted copy of the input block, XORed with round constants
BLAKE_(hash_function)
On finding a repeating loop in a sequence
logarithm problem. In cryptographic applications, the ability to find two distinct values xμ−1 and xλ+μ−1 mapped by some cryptographic function ƒ to the same
Cycle_detection
Action only authorized by two or more people
Such a zone may contain a cryptographic component, weapon system hardware under test, a nuclear weapon, active weapon controls, or other such critical information
Two-person_rule
baseline. This comparison method often involves calculating a known cryptographic checksum of the file's original baseline and comparing with the calculated
File_integrity_monitoring
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
of coding: Data compression (or source coding) Error control (or channel coding) Cryptographic coding Line coding Data compression attempts to remove
Coding_theory
Mechanical or electronic fastening device
device using a cryptographic key and wireless protocol. Smart locks have begun to be used more commonly in residential areas, often controlled with smartphones
Lock_and_key
Protection measures for a system
after employment. A.8: Asset management A.9: Access controls and managing user access A.10: Cryptographic technology A.11: Physical security of the organisation's
Security_controls
American legal case
citizens from distributing and discussing programming code, which in turn is an item of expression. In August 2000, Judge Lewis A. Kaplan ruled in favor of the
Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Corley
Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Corley
Text used for user authentication to prove identity
have been well chosen and are not easily guessed. Many systems store a cryptographic hash of the password. If an attacker gets access to the file of hashed
Password
Soviet cipher machine
pouch with perforations between each item. The other tables were in a side pouch. Design factors in various cryptographic devices can result in the physical
Fialka
Unique code assigned for identification of a single unit
A serial number (SN) is a unique identifier used to uniquely identify an item, and is usually assigned incrementally or sequentially. Despite being called
Serial_number
Data structure for approximate set membership
designed to store location information, especially in the context of cryptographic protocols for location privacy. However, the main characteristic of
Bloom_filter
Hiding messages in other messages
Software for embedding hidden data inside a carrier file Visual cryptography – Cryptographic technique Warrant canary – Method of indirect notification of
Steganography
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
to attack currently-used cryptographic systems. Integer factorization, which underpins the security of public key cryptographic systems, is believed to
Quantum_computing
Legislation that requires individuals to surrender cryptographic keys to law enforcement
key disclosure, is legislation that requires individuals to surrender cryptographic keys to law enforcement. The purpose is to allow access to material
Key_disclosure_law
Free and open source project building an anonymous network
through garlic routing, and even the end points ("destinations") are cryptographic identifiers (essentially a pair of public keys), so that neither senders
I2P
Communications protocol for credit card
was based on X.509 certificates with several extensions. SET used a cryptographic blinding algorithm that, in effect, would have let merchants substitute
Secure_Electronic_Transaction
(ZF=1). Cryptographic instructions specific to Hygon processors. The VIA/Zhaoxin PadLock instructions are instructions designed to apply cryptographic primitives
List of x86 cryptographic instructions
List_of_x86_cryptographic_instructions
British naval mission
and freed Harrison, Sinclair took the cryptographic tapes, and Harrison returned to recover the final MOD items. Harrison was awarded a Queen's Gallantry
Operation_Blackleg
United States law preventing export of military technologies
defense services on the U.S. Munitions List and 600-series items controlled by the Commerce Control List; (3) Information covered by an invention secrecy order;
International Traffic in Arms Regulations
International_Traffic_in_Arms_Regulations
Environmentally devastated WWI battlefields in France
because of the vast amounts of human and animal remains, and millions of items of unexploded ordnance contaminating the land. Some towns and villages were
Zone_rouge
Programmable digital computer used to control machinery
critical vulnerability affecting its Logix controller family. The secret cryptographic key used to verify communication between the PLC and workstation could
Programmable_logic_controller
Device or process that makes unauthorized access to the protected object easily detected
cutting the wire or damaging the seal. In cryptographic terminology, cryptographic hash functions and cryptographic signatures are used to add a tamper-evident
Tamper-evident_technology
2025 mobile operating system
cleaned to improve image quality. The items in the side menu can now be reordered, allowing the preferred control to be placed in the first position. The
IOS_26
Key that is easy to break with a specific cipher
has some control over what keys are used, such as when a block cipher is used in a mode of operation intended to construct a secure cryptographic hash function
Weak_key
relating to public and private key management. Cryptographic products are export-controlled licensed items, and licenses to India are not generally available
Indian_Intelligence_Community
Integrated circuit card for mobile devices
extensions on the cards, with additional APIs and features like more cryptographic security and RFID contactless use added. SIM cards store network-specific
SIM_card
Russian social media and social networking service
Tavrin, the CEO of MegaFon, which is controlled by Alisher Usmanov. Following the deal, Usmanov and his allies controlled around 52% of the company. Shortly
VK_(service)
Electronic tracking technology
circuits". MIT News. Retrieved 2021-11-18. Matheson, Rob (2020-02-20). "Cryptographic "tag of everything" could protect the supply chain". MIT News. Retrieved
Radio-frequency identification
Radio-frequency_identification
Open-source password management software
that year, Bitwarden completed a security assessment, code audit, and cryptographic analysis from third-party security auditing firm Cure53. In July 2020
Bitwarden
US Army combat service support battalion
serviceable and unserviceable material, with an exception made for cryptographic equipment, missile systems, aircraft, airdropped materiel, UAVs and
Combat Sustainment Support Battalion
Combat_Sustainment_Support_Battalion
Overview article
Suite B. It is extensible, featuring support for plugging in custom cryptographic APIs into the CNG runtime. It also integrates with the smart card subsystem
Security and safety features new to Windows Vista
Security_and_safety_features_new_to_Windows_Vista
2021 operating system version
introduction of "Expanded Protections for Children," which will apply cryptography to detect and help limit the spread of child pornography, officially
MacOS_Monterey
Approved EDI ANSI X12 transaction sets
102 Associated Data 242 Data Status Tracking 815 Cryptographic Service Message 864 Text Message 868 Electronic Form Structure 993 Secured Receipt or Acknowledgment
X12_Document_List
Type of two-dimensional barcode
machine-readable optical image that contains information specific to the labeled item, the QR code contains the data for a locator, an identifier, and web tracking
QR_code
Distributed data store for digital transactions
(blocks) that are securely linked together via cryptographic hashes. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction
Blockchain
United States export control law
exemplified by the restrictions on export of certain strategic or military items to the Soviet bloc or to other countries that it felt, if permitted, would
Export_Control_Act
Overview of and topical guide to computer security
credentials stored on the laptop including MAC addresses, web cookies, cryptographic keys and stored passwords. Vulnerabilities Exploitable vulnerability
Outline_of_computer_security
Series of computer security standards
Criteria was referred to as "The Orange Book." In the book entitled Applied Cryptography, security expert Bruce Schneier states of NCSC-TG-021 that he "can't
Rainbow_Series
Combat-net radio
Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) radios to meet National Security Agency cryptographic requirements. The indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity contract
SINCGARS
2007 novel by Charles Stross
implications – both financial (Hayek stock price) and logistical (compromised cryptographic keys), which sets the stage for the latter half of the novel. The main
Halting_State
Memory-hard proof-of-work algorithm
Wagner's Algorithm with Applications to Equihash". IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems. 2026 (2): 218–239. doi:10.46586/tches
Equihash
Reliance on design or implementation secrecy for security
this practice include disguising sensitive information within commonplace items, like a piece of paper in a book, or altering digital footprints, such as
Security_through_obscurity
Methods of safely sharing general data
attacks. In contrast with timing attacks against implementations of cryptographic algorithms that typically have low leakage rate and must be followed
Differential_privacy
Statistical hypothesis test
high probability. This method can be generalized for solving modern cryptographic problems. In bioinformatics, the chi-squared test is used to compare
Chi-squared_test
Group whose operation is a composition of braids
these are the black dots.) Using four strands, each item of the first set is connected with an item of the second set so that a one-to-one correspondence
Braid_group
Espionage techniques
transferring notes or small items to other people, and hollowed-out coins or teeth for concealing suicide pills. Cryptography is the practice and study
Tradecraft
data items (possibly zero) that have some shared significance to the problem being solved and need to be operated upon together in some controlled fashion
Glossary_of_computer_science
Parallel computing platform and programming model
where processing large blocks of data is done in parallel, such as: cryptographic hash functions machine learning molecular dynamics simulations physics
CUDA
Short-range wireless technology standard
Secure Connection with Data Packet Length Extension to improve the cryptographic protocol Link Layer Privacy with Extended Scanner Filter Policies to
Bluetooth
2014 film by Morten Tyldum
boarding school, befriends Christopher Morcom, who sparks his interest in cryptography. Turing develops romantic feelings, but Christopher dies of bovine tuberculosis
The_Imitation_Game
Free and open-source privacy-focused operating system based on Android
the Android security model, using Android's Verified Boot system of cryptographic signing of the operating system, and running with a locked bootloader
CalyxOS
Data storage used to support copy and paste operations
macOS holds one item in multiple available formats. The contents of the clipboard can be viewed by selecting the Show Clipboard menu item from the Finder's
Clipboard_(computing)
Algorithms applied to a packet of data
Encryption/Decryption, the protection of information in the payload using cryptographic algorithms Quality of Service (QOS), treating packets differently, such
Packet_processing
Data in electronic form, which is logically associated with other data in electronic form
signatures are a legal concept distinct from digital signatures, a cryptographic mechanism often used to implement electronic signatures. While an electronic
Electronic_signature
maintains some of the most extreme and controlled censorship in the world, with the government able to take strict control over communications. North Korea
Censorship_in_North_Korea
Video game technique
which moment in time), the game (typically referenced by its name and a cryptographic hash of its data) and of course a reference to the emulator used for
Tool-assisted_speedrun
Algorithmic problem on pairs of sequences
that two different items could be reduced to the same hash. This is unlikely in source code, but it is possible. A cryptographic hash would therefore
Longest_common_subsequence
ship version of the same bathythermograph Before AN/CRC designated Cryptographic Radios, the first "C" meant "Air Transportable" (ie. Cargo) Parsch,
List of military electronics of the United States: A–G
List_of_military_electronics_of_the_United_States:_A–G
Resistance of a password to being guessed
this risk is to store only a cryptographic hash of each password instead of the password itself. Standard cryptographic hashes, such as the Secure Hash
Password_strength
U.S. signals intelligence organization
2013. "the NIST standards that define Suite B..." in "Suite B Cryptography / Cryptographic Interoperability". National Security Agency. Archived from the
National_Security_Agency
Decentralized digital cryptocurrency
Nicholas; Krombholz, Katharina; Weippl, Edgar (2017). "History of Cryptographic Currencies". Blocks and Chains. Synthesis Lectures on Information Security
Bitcoin
Number representing illegal information
specifically claims that: The Dolphin emulator operates by incorporating these cryptographic keys without Nintendo's authorization and decrypting the ROMs at or
Illegal_number
Catalogue of the Egyptian hieroglyphic printing type, from matrices owned and controlled by Dr. Alan (1928). A.H. Gardiner, "Additions to the new hieroglyphic
List_of_Egyptian_hieroglyphs
Open-source blockchain computing platform
known as a "block", is processed by the network. Each block contains a cryptographic hash identifying the series of blocks that must precede it if the block
Ethereum
Maintenance of data over its entire life-cycle
arrays that compute parity calculations such as exclusive or or use a cryptographic hash function and even having a watchdog timer on critical subsystems
Data_integrity
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