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Darwinian perspective that biological traits are evolved adaptations
flavors of adaptationism, and argues that all three are found in the evolutionary literature (see for explanation). Although adaptationism has always
Adaptationism
Evolutionary process
In biology, adaptation has three related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment
Adaptation
1979 scientific article
"explanatory adaptationism" as a response to some of the arguments made in the paper. Explanatory adaptationism argues that adaptation, though uncommon
The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm
The_Spandrels_of_San_Marco_and_the_Panglossian_Paradigm
Adaptation of a literary work into another work
Literary adaptation is the process of adapting a literary work (e.g. a novel, short story, poem) into another genre or medium, such as a film, stage play
Literary_adaptation
2002 film by Spike Jonze
Adaptation (stylized as Adaptation.) is a 2002 American metafictional comedy-drama film directed by Spike Jonze and written by Charlie Kaufman. It features
Adaptation_(film)
Films based on other media (books, plays, etc.)
A film adaptation transfers the details or story of an existing source text, such as a novel, into a feature film. This transfer can involve adapting most
Film_adaptation
Human ability to adjust to changes in illumination
Chromatic adaptation is the human visual system's ability to adjust to changes in illumination in order to preserve the appearance of object colors. It
Chromatic_adaptation
English actor
2014–2016 BBC TV series The Musketeers, Dolokhov in the 2016 BBC literary-adaptation miniseries War & Peace, Cormoran Strike in the BBC series Strike, Orson
Tom_Burke_(actor)
Human male external reproductive organ
] These adaptations have occurred in order to release and retain sperm to the highest point of the vaginal tract. As a result, this adaptation also leaves
Human_penis
British actress (born 1981)
Sarah Hurst in Easy Virtue (2008) and as Catherine Earnshaw in ITV's adaptation of Wuthering Heights (2009). Riley was born in Grindon, County Durham
Charlotte_Riley
franchise developed by Eric Kripke, consisting of a live-action series adaptation, the web series Seven on 7, the animated anthology series The Boys Presents:
List_of_The_Boys_characters
American author (born 1952)
romance, mystery, adventure and science fiction/fantasy. A television adaptation of the Outlander novels premiered on Starz in 2014. Gabaldon was born
Diana_Gabaldon
1928 novel by Erich Maria Remarque
British-American adaptation, a television film by Delbert Mann, won a Golden Globe Award and an Emmy Award. The 2022 German adaptation, directed by Edward
All Quiet on the Western Front
All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front
American actor (born 1993)
role as Major Major Major Major in Catch-22, the George Clooney-led Hulu adaptation of the 1961 novel. He also starred in the thriller Them That Follow, and
Lewis_Pullman
1847 novel by Emily Brontë
morality, religion, and the class system. It has inspired an array of adaptations across several types of media. Opening In 1801, Mr Lockwood, the new
Wuthering_Heights
Family of mostly succulent plants, adapted to dry environments
one of the driest places on Earth. Because of this, cacti show many adaptations to conserve water. For example, almost all cacti are succulents, meaning
Cactus
2021 science-fiction novel by Andy Weir
Gosling and Sandra Hüller, with Drew Goddard writing (his second Andy Weir adaptation) and Phil Lord and Christopher Miller directing. It was released to theaters
Project_Hail_Mary
2019 novel by Margaret Atwood
000 votes. Streaming service Hulu, which also produced the TV series adaptation of The Handmaid's Tale, announced in 2022 that it would also adapt The
The_Testaments
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up adaptation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Adaptation, in biology, is the process or trait by which organisms or population better match their
Adaptation_(disambiguation)
the original text, with many of the more famous adaptations, such as Orson Welles' 1938 radio adaptation and the 2005 film directed by Steven Spielberg
List of works based on The War of the Worlds
List_of_works_based_on_The_War_of_the_Worlds
American actor and director (born 1950)
1996, Harris starred in and was executive producer for the television adaptation of Riders of the Purple Sage. That same year, he appeared in John Schlesinger's
Ed_Harris
English actor and writer (born 1956)
an English actor and writer. He began his acting career in the BBC TV adaptation of I, Claudius (1976), but is best known for portraying Joshamee Gibbs
Kevin_McNally
1813 novel by Jane Austen
derivatives in modern literature. For more than a century, dramatic adaptations, reprints, unofficial sequels, films, and TV versions of Pride and Prejudice
Pride_and_Prejudice
1954 novel by William Golding
Warner, they were in good health and spirits and had developed an orderly adaptation to their stranding. When writing about the Tongan event, the Dutch historian
Lord_of_the_Flies
French film producer (born 1972)
variety of different films including action films, romantic films, comic adaptations, biographical films and an animation.[citation needed] Silla was born
Virginie_Besson-Silla
American musical drama film
its Adaptation. A television film sequel, titled Annie: A Royal Adventure!, was released in 1995. It was followed by three additional adaptations of the
Annie_(1982_film)
British actor (born 1953)
which ran from 1999 to 2001. In 1993 he appeared in the BBC miniseries adaptation of A Year in Provence, playing the annoying Tony, along with John Thaw
Alfred_Molina
Japanese manga series by Naoko Takeuchi
special, and three short films based on the anime. A live-action television adaptation, Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon, aired from 2003 to 2004, and a second anime
Sailor_Moon
Episodes of Japanese anime series
Dragon Ball is the first of two anime adaptations of the Dragon Ball manga series by Akira Toriyama. Produced by Toei Animation, the anime series premiered
List_of_Dragon_Ball_episodes
The Adaptation Fund is an international fund that finances projects and programs aimed at helping developing countries to adapt to the harmful effects
The_Adaptation_Fund
American actress (born 1987)
American actress. She is known for playing Alice Cullen in the film adaptations of Stephenie Meyer's Twilight novels. Greene was born on February 21
Ashley_Greene
Fictional location
content and taking the concept into the mainstream. Parsons directed a film adaptation of his series produced by A24, which was released in May 2026. On May
The_Backrooms
American crime drama television series (1984–1990)
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City. Mann directed a film adaptation, released in 2006. Another film adaptation, titled Miami Vice '85, was announced in 2025 to
Miami_Vice
Video game series
attacking or avoiding police and military forces working to stop it. A film adaptation was released in 2018. Humans have been undergoing strange mutations into
Rampage_(franchise)
Psychological concept
The hedonic treadmill, also known as hedonic adaptation, is the conjecture that humans quickly return to a relatively stable level of happiness (or sadness)
Hedonic_treadmill
British actor and filmmaker (born 1960)
greatest film actors. Branagh has directed and starred in several film adaptations of William Shakespeare's plays, including Henry V (1989), Much Ado About
Kenneth_Branagh
Irish actor (born 1953)
Yobbo Nowt at the Shaw Theatre. The following year he appeared in a stage adaptation of Lin Piao's History of the Tenth Struggle at the Institute of Contemporary
Colm_Meaney
American actress (born 1976)
has also produced the film adaptations Gone Girl (2014) and Where the Crawdads Sing (2022), and the miniseries adaptation Daisy Jones & the Six (2023)
Reese_Witherspoon
American actress (born 1985)
and co-starred with Meryl Streep in Mamma Mia!, a romantic comedy film adaptation of the 1999 musical of the same name. Mamma Mia!, which was Seyfried's
Amanda_Seyfried
Adaptations of Emily Brontë's novel
This is a list of adaptations of Wuthering Heights, which was Emily Brontë's only novel. It was first published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell
Adaptations of Wuthering Heights
Adaptations_of_Wuthering_Heights
Japanese anime television series
The anime has been very well received. The first episode of the anime adaptation earned a viewer rating of 12.4%, behind Pokémon and ahead of Ojamajo Doremi
One_Piece_(1999_TV_series)
Eclipse and Breaking Dawn, as well as The Twilight Saga film series adaptations. Isabella Marie "Bella" Swan (later Bella Cullen) is the fictional protagonist
List_of_Twilight_characters
Evolutionary byproduct of some other characteristic
the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme". Adaptationism is a point of view that sees most organismal traits as adaptive products
Spandrel_(biology)
change. It can also give guidance for the best policies for mitigation and adaptation to climate change from an economic perspective. There are many economic
Economic analysis of climate change
Economic_analysis_of_climate_change
American actress (born 1958)
finally scored a major box-office hit as Sukie Ridgemont in the 1987 adaptation of John Updike's novel The Witches of Eastwick, with Jack Nicholson, Cher
Michelle_Pfeiffer
Individual living life form
Revisited: A Framework for a Possible Synthesis between Developmentalism and Adaptationism?". The Monist. 100 (3): 373–390. doi:10.1093/monist/onx016. JSTOR 26370801
Organism
American actor (born 1961)
Heaven: The Series, and portrayed Jack Torrance in the TV miniseries adaptation of Stephen King's The Shining. He had a recurring role on iZombie as Vaughn
Steven_Weber
American filmmaker (born 1946)
making films for Warner Bros. It began with The Color Purple (1985), an adaptation of Alice Walker's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, about a generation of
Steven_Spielberg
Spanish actor (born 1969)
Inquisition. In 2007, Bardem acted in two film adaptations: the Coen brothers' No Country for Old Men, and the adaptation of the Colombian novel Love in the Time
Javier_Bardem
Tragedy by William Shakespeare
English language", with a story capable of "seemingly endless retelling and adaptation by others". It is widely considered one of the greatest plays of all time
Hamlet
1953 dystopian novel by Ray Bradbury
novel has been adapted into films, stage plays, and video games. Film adaptations of the novel include a 1966 film directed by François Truffaut starring
Fahrenheit_451
1967 short story by Harlan Ellison
including a 1995 computer game co-authored by Ellison, a comic-book adaptation, and a BBC Radio 4 play. Ellison himself recorded an audiobook version
I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream
I_Have_No_Mouth,_and_I_Must_Scream
1865 children's novel by Lewis Carroll
print and has been translated into 174 languages. Its legacy includes adaptations to screen, radio, visual art, ballet, opera, and musical theatre, as
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Alice's_Adventures_in_Wonderland
English actress (born 1985)
Theatre in London. She made her film debut in Joe Wright's 2005 film adaptation of Jane Austen's novel Pride & Prejudice, portraying Kitty Bennet alongside
Carey_Mulligan
This is a list of films based on manga. It includes films that are adaptations of manga, and those films whose characters originated in those comics.
List_of_films_based_on_manga
2012 novel by John Green
player, amputee, and survivor of osteosarcoma. An American feature film adaptation of the same name as the novel directed by Josh Boone and starring Shailene
The_Fault_in_Our_Stars
Fantasy literature series by Brandon Sanderson
Mistborn has been a critical and commercial success, and has led to adaptations in other media, including tabletop gaming. It is part of Sanderson's
Mistborn
American actor (born 1979)
role as Fielding in the BBC's two-part adaptation of Martin Amis' novel Money in the winter of 2009. The adaptation began airing on BBC Two on May 23, 2010
Vincent_Kartheiser
1995 book by Daniel Dennett
deals with adaptationism, which Dennett endorses, calling Gould and Lewontin's "refutation" of it an illusion. Dennett thinks adaptationism is, in fact
Darwin's_Dangerous_Idea
American writer and television producer (born 1974)
strength, prompting him to try to become a superhero. Concurrently, a TV adaptation was being developed for USA Network, with Kripke serving as both the writer
Eric_Kripke
American independent media company
Annapurna. In September 2023, Annapurna Animation announced an animated film adaptation of Annapurna Interactive's video game Stray was in development following
Annapurna_Pictures
Japanese manga series
An anime television series adaptation produced by Eight Bit aired from October 2022 to March 2023. An anime film adaptation based on the Episode Nagi spin-off
Blue_Lock
British actor (born 1983)
began his film career with a role in Laguna (2001) and Kevin Reynolds' adaptation of The Count of Monte Cristo (2002). He continued with appearances in
Henry_Cavill
Framework for communication protocols used in IP networking
001.1900014. ISSN 2471-2825. B. Carpenter; R. Hinden (April 1, 2011). Adaptation of RFC 1149 for IPv6. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6214
Internet_protocol_suite
Fantasy adventure television series
Matt Owens and Steven Maeda for Netflix. The series is a live-action adaptation of the 1997 Japanese manga series One Piece by Eiichiro Oda, who also
One_Piece_(2023_TV_series)
Japanese light novel series and its adaptation(s)
the light novels and first manga adaptation are licensed in print by Square Enix. An anime television series adaptation produced by Toho Animation Studio
The_Apothecary_Diaries
Young adult book series by Suzanne Collins
topped all US bestseller lists upon its release. By the time the film adaptation of The Hunger Games was released in 2012, over 26 million copies of the
The_Hunger_Games
American actor and filmmaker (born 1971)
Allie Fox in the Apple TV+ adaptation of The Mosquito Coast (2021–2023), and Mr. House in the Amazon Prime Video adaptation of Fallout (2025–present).
Justin_Theroux
Japanese animation
and over the Internet. In addition to original works, anime are often adaptations of Japanese comics (manga), light novels, or video games. It is classified
Anime
Books written by Stephen King
bibliography Unpublished and uncollected works by Stephen King List of adaptations of works by Stephen King Morgan, Robert. Stephen King, Newsnight, BBC
Stephen_King_bibliography
1988 novel by Paulo Coelho
the story was "already written in [his] soul." In 1994, a comic book adaptation was published by Alexandre Jubran. HarperOne, a HarperCollins imprint
The_Alchemist_(novel)
Film by Denis Villeneuve
screenplay with Jon Spaihts and Eric Roth. It is the first of a two-part adaptation of the 1965 novel by Frank Herbert and the first installment in Legendary
Dune_(2021_film)
2010 novel by Emma Donoghue
Trust Fiction Prize and the 2010 Governor General's Awards. The film adaptation, also titled Room, was released in October 2015, starring Brie Larson
Room_(novel)
Season of television series
Moto in the English adaptation) from imprisonment by Pegasus J. Crawford (renamed Maximillion Pegasus in the English adaptation). The last ten episodes
Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters season 1
Yu-Gi-Oh!_Duel_Monsters_season_1
American television series
Walter Hauser Star, Michael R. Roskam Directs Dennis Lehane-Scripted Adaptation". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved March 22, 2025. Ekong, Uduak-Abasi (June
Black_Bird_(miniseries)
English actress (born 1988)
conspiracy thriller The Capture, and Estella in Mike Newell's 2012 film adaptation of Charles Dickens' 1861 novel Great Expectations. Grainger was born on
Holliday_Grainger
British actress (born 1935)
(1966). She also appeared as Queen Gertrude in Tony Richardson's 1969 film adaptation of Hamlet. More notable credits include: Mildred Layton in the 1984 ITV
Judy_Parfitt
Canadian filmmaker (born 1967)
next projects were Dune (2021) and Dune: Part Two (2024), a two-part adaptation of Frank Herbert's novel of the same name that grossed a combined $1.15
Denis_Villeneuve
American author (born 1956)
directed and starred in the movie adaptation of Connelly's 1997 novel, Blood Work. In March 2011, the movie adaptation of Connelly's novel The Lincoln Lawyer
Michael_Connelly
American actor and playwright (born 1969)
Donna Summer Musical (2018) and co-produced Fat Ham (2023), a modern-day adaptation of William Shakespeare's Hamlet nominated for the Tony Award for Best
Colman_Domingo
American actress (born 1952)
Nash Bridges, adult Beverly Marsh in the 1990 television mini-series adaptation of Stephen King's epic horror novel It, Lana Lang in Superman III, Kathy
Annette_O'Toole
American television writer and producer (born 1965)
has also directed the 2006 film adaptation of Augusten Burroughs' memoir Running with Scissors, the 2010 film adaptation of Elizabeth Gilbert's memoir Eat
Ryan_Murphy_(producer)
American actor and filmmaker (born 1966)
who visited Harry in the hospital. In 2005, Favreau directed the film adaptation of the children's book Zathura. It received positive reviews, but was
Jon_Favreau
1998 British film
Four years later, Smart would star in Sparkhouse, a gender-reversed BBC adaptation of Wuthering Heights in which Smart played the Heathcliff role (renamed
Wuthering_Heights_(1998_film)
Link adaptation, comprising adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) and others (such as Power Control), is a term used in wireless communications to denote
Link_adaptation
Group of marsupial mammals
Thylatheridium, Hyperdidelphys, and sparassocynids developed carnivorous adaptations during the late Miocene-Pliocene, before the arrival of carnivorans in
Opossum
British television series
audience of more than 6 million viewers. More than ten international adaptations of the programme have been produced. The first two series were broadcast
Who Do You Think You Are? (British TV series)
Who_Do_You_Think_You_Are?_(British_TV_series)
Type of derivative work of art
An adaptation is a transfer of a work of art from one style, culture or medium to another. Some common examples are: Film adaptation, a story from another
Adaptation_(arts)
Welsh actor and singer (born 1979)
Furious 6, and also played Bard the Bowman in Peter Jackson's three-part adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit. Evans portrayed the vampire Dracula
Luke_Evans
American actress (born 1982)
sketch comedy Saturday Night Live. She also starred in Peter Segal's film adaptation of Mel Brooks' television series Get Smart, in which she played Agent
Anne_Hathaway
English writer (born 1960)
(2008) and The Ocean at the End of the Lane (2013). He co-created the TV adaptations of Good Omens and The Sandman. Gaiman's awards include Hugo, Nebula,
Neil_Gaiman
Diary by Anne Frank
donated her Oscar to the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam. The first major adaptation to quote literal passages from the diary was 2014's Anne, authorised and
The_Diary_of_a_Young_Girl
English actor (born 1939)
major roles on television was as the title character in the BBC's 1966 adaptation of David Copperfield, which achieved 12 million viewers on its initial
Ian_McKellen
American novelist, screenwriter and comic book writer (born 1973)
fiction genre. His script writing work includes a film adaptation of his book Orphan X, a TV adaptation of Joby Warrick's Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS, and
Gregg_Hurwitz
1987 novel by Scott Turow
Rožat "Rusty" Sabich. A motion picture adaptation starring Harrison Ford was released in 1990. A second adaptation for Apple TV+ starring Jake Gyllenhaal
Presumed_Innocent_(novel)
Welsh actor (born 1974)
drama for television. He then landed a role in Titus, Julie Taymor's adaptation of Titus Andronicus, starring Anthony Hopkins and Jessica Lange. Next
Matthew_Rhys
the novel, but she dies in the film adaptation. Lavender is portrayed by Kathleen Cauley in the film adaptation of Chamber of Secrets, by Jennifer Smith
List of Harry Potter characters
List_of_Harry_Potter_characters
Son of William Shakespeare (1585–1596)
film All Is True, Maggie O'Farrell's 2020 book Hamnet and its 2025 film adaptation, as well as the comedy drama series Upstart Crow (2016–2020). Little is
Hamnet_Shakespeare
2017 film by Bill Condon
a live-action/CGI remake of the 1991 Disney animated film, itself an adaptation of the fairy tale. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films
Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)
Beauty_and_the_Beast_(2017_film)
English actor (born 1943)
of films, including the 1983 British drama film Betrayal, which was an adaptation of the 1978 play of the same title by Harold Pinter and also features
Ben_Kingsley
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM
Male
Hebrew
(קְהָת) Variant form of Hebrew Qehath, KEHATH means "assembly."Â
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi
Name of a God; Eashwar
Girl/Female
Indian
Penetrating, Piercing, Sharp
Boy/Male
Muslim
Strong, Well-established
Male
Hebrew
(צוּרִי) Hebrew name TZURI means "my rock."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Misery
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Parsi, Punjabi, Sikh
Benevolence
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Holy Place of Naam
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Day; Good Day
Girl/Female
Finnish, German
Sea of Bitterness; The Perfect One; Sea of Sorrow; Wished for Child; Rebellious; Star; Pearl; Similar to Mary
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM
ADAPTATIONISM