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Concept in international relations
Complex interdependence in international relations and international political economy is a concept put forth by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye in the
Complex_interdependence
Theory in international relations
views of complex interdependence, which primarily saw it as a source of cooperation and mutual benefit. Instead, weaponized interdependence posits that
Weaponized_interdependence
Study of international relations from a theoretical perspective
developed an opposing theory they dubbed "complex interdependence." They explain that "... complex interdependence sometimes comes closer to reality than
International relations theory
International_relations_theory
International relations theory
an opposing theory they dub "Complex interdependence." Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye explain, "... complex interdependence sometimes comes closer to reality
Liberal_institutionalism
American political scientist (1937–2025)
1977 book Power and Interdependence. Together with Keohane, he developed the concepts of asymmetrical and complex interdependence. They also explored
Joseph_Nye
Interdisciplinary study of systems
theory became a widespread term used for instance to describe the interdependence of relationships created in organizations. A system in this frame of
Systems_theory
Person or group crucial in the transfer of power
regions rather than individual states. Lee et al. (2024) draw on complex interdependence and middle power theories, arguing that Southeast Asia, with its
Kingmaker
Movement towards political cooperation among transnational actors
have been used for the dynamics of global governance, such as complex interdependence, international regimes, multilevel governance, global constitutionalism
Global_governance
Concepts in political science
simple interdependence scheme based on national security (high politics); nowadays the international relations are ruled by a complex interdependence based
High_and_low_politics
German drummer (born 1970)
"he has been instrumental in developing the advanced concept of complex interdependence", a drum technique allowing him to play varying patterns with each
Marco_Minnemann
Study of global economic governance
scholars have argued for a "new interdependence approach", which restores insights from the complex interdependence of the 1970s, but emphasizes network
International political economy
International_political_economy
Political ideology within liberalism
labour caused more opportunity and individualism and inspired more complex interdependence. They argued that the individual had a debt to society, promoting
Social_liberalism
Political party in South Korea
Walter (31 October 2019). "Political Populism: Eroding Asia's Complex Interdependence?" (PDF). Nanyang Technological University. S. Rajaratnam School
Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)
Democratic_Party_(South_Korea,_2015)
Fictional Dwarf in The Lord of the Rings
which to build and [to] ally against Sauron and illustrate how complex interdependence can reduce perceptions of insecurity and create opportunities for
Gimli_(Middle-earth)
Politics as self-interested competition
theory. Kenneth Waltz claims that Vasquez misunderstand Lakatos. Complex interdependence Consensus reality Consequentialism International legal theory Game
Realism (international relations)
Realism_(international_relations)
International relations theory
strongest. Due to the way adjacency works there is often intense security interdependence within an RSC, but interaction with outsiders is much less active.
Regional security complex theory
Regional_security_complex_theory
Statistical framework for analyzing data from dyads
The actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) is a statistical framework for analyzing data from dyads such as romantic partners, parents and children
Actor–partner interdependence model
Actor–partner_interdependence_model
American political scientist
importance of state power in international economic affairs amid complex interdependence. Gilpin argued that states were still the key actors in the realm
Robert_Gilpin
School of thought on cognition and problem-solving
they represented the frontier of our emerging knowledge about the complex interdependence of cellular structures and biochemical systems.... Today, the word
General_semantics
Cluster of interneurons in the medulla oblongata
The preBötzinger complex, often abbreviated as preBötC, is a functionally and anatomically specialized site in the ventral-lateral region of the lower
Pre-Bötzinger_complex
Processes of interacting with people and making decisions
have been used for the dynamics of global governance, such as complex interdependence, international regimes, multilevel governance, global constitutionalism
Governance
American academic
United States. Along with Joseph Nye, Keohane coined the concept of complex interdependence to capture the ways in which power had been fragmented and diffused
Robert_Keohane
April 2020. Andrew Walter. "Political Populism : Eroding Asia's Complex Interdependence?" (PDF). Rsis.edu.sg. Retrieved 16 January 2022. Park, S. Nathan
2022 South Korean presidential election
2022_South_Korean_presidential_election
wrote, "In Flee, Dara returns to his most consistent theme: the complex interdependence of ecology and economy, of community and commerce. Flee begins
Flee_(novel)
Transmission of a symbiont from parent to offspring
produce neurological or chemical signals that alter social behavior. Complex interdependence occurs between host and symbiont. The genetic pool of the symbiont
Vertical_transmission
Evolutionary theory
history including some models of eukaryogenesis, the emergence of complex interdependence in microbial communities, and de novo formation of functional elements
Constructive neutral evolution
Constructive_neutral_evolution
political party in South Korea. "Political Populism: Eroding Asia's Complex Interdependence? – Analysis". Eurasia Review. 1 November 2019. The South Korean
List of political parties in South Korea
List_of_political_parties_in_South_Korea
Study of changes in DNA and RNA over time
applied in areas ranging from the origins of the spliceosome to the complex interdependence of microbial communities. The Society for Molecular Biology and
Molecular_evolution
Socioeconomic concept
perceptions. An alternative term to describe the interdependence between the military-industrial complex and the entertainment industry is coined by James
Industrial_complex
Increasing worldwide interdependence
Globalization is the process of increasing interdependence and integration among the economies, markets, societies, and cultures of different countries
Globalization
Ability to understand natural systems and their interactions
element functions. Systems thinking is necessary to understand complex interdependence of ecological systems, social systems and other systems on all
Ecological_literacy
Walter (31 October 2019). "Political Populism: Eroding Asia's Complex Interdependence?" (PDF). Nanyang Technological University. S. Rajaratnam School
Liberalism_in_South_Korea
Application of complexity theory to strategy
treated as complex adaptive systems (CAS) as they exhibit fundamental CAS principles like self-organization, complexity, emergence, interdependence, space
Complexity theory and organizations
Complexity_theory_and_organizations
Theme in Tolkien's writing
which to build and [to] ally against Sauron and illustrate how complex interdependence can reduce perceptions of insecurity and create opportunities for
Economy_of_Middle-earth
Form of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies
political leadership (the chief), centralized decision-making, economic interdependence, and social hierarchy. Chiefdoms are described as intermediate between
Chiefdom
American research institute
of economic market interdependence and systemic risk. arXiv:1011.3707v2 (2010). http://necsi.edu/research/economics/interdependence.html D. Harmon, and
New England Complex Systems Institute
New_England_Complex_Systems_Institute
Dutch academic
Oblivion: Interdependence Theory in the First Half of the Twentieth Century. A Study on the Causality between War and Complex Interdependence, Aldershot:
Jaap_de_Wilde
Degree of interdependence between software modules
In software engineering, coupling is the degree of interdependence between software modules, a measure of how closely connected two routines or modules
Coupling (computer programming)
Coupling_(computer_programming)
American political scientist (born 1933)
of Can Russia Change? that "the main argument for relations of 'complex interdependence' is clear and convincing". In Baltic Independence, Clemens argued
Walter_Clemens
relations Balance of power in international relations Complex adaptive system Complex interdependence Coopetition Separation of powers "CIAO". www.ciaonet
Negarchy
Japanese scholar
Hedley Bull's new medievalism and Robert Keohane's and Joseph Nye's complex interdependence, and classifies the world order into three spheres (new medieval
Akihiko_Tanaka
Types of social solidarity formulated by Durkheim
tasks. Thus, social solidarity is maintained in more complex societies through the interdependence of its component parts. Farmers, for example, produce
Mechanical and organic solidarity
Mechanical_and_organic_solidarity
Many people working on a single project
exception being the implicit and explicit relationships formed by the interdependence that many sites within a mass collaboration share through hypertext
Mass_collaboration
Generalization theory explaining social behaviour regarding society and economics
matrices from game theory and discovered some clues of individuals' interdependence such as the power of a party over each other, also known as the "correspondence"
Social_exchange_theory
Study of relationships between states
neo-realists and other structuralist IR analysts. Preceding the concepts of interdependence and dependence, international relations rely on the idea of sovereignty
International_relations
British artist and critic
ambiguities of space, rich varieties of colour and texture, and a complex interdependence of fragmented forms', Norbert Lynton, Art International. 'He is
Keith_Sutton_(artist)
System of behaviors within or between social groups
therapy groups. Amongst the members of a group, there is a state of interdependence, through which the behaviours, attitudes, opinions, and experiences
Group_dynamics
2009 novel by Suzanne Collins
themes of the novel include survival, authoritarianism, rebellion and interdependence versus independence. The book has sold more than 19 million copies
Catching_Fire
Historic site in Karnataka, India
image of Ardhanarishvara portraying the equivalence and essential interdependence of the masculine left Shiva and feminine right Parvati. Past this fused
Aihole
Argument by proponents of intelligent design
observation was cited as evidence for creation. The idea that the interdependence between parts would have implications for the origins of living things
Irreducible_complexity
1964 Australian TV series or program
thoroughly enough to illuminate not so much a social problem as the complex interdependence of ordinary family life." The Bulletin said "this banal story,
A_Sound_of_Trumpets
Ecosystem in which species are interdependent
found in communities structured after this model, as a result of the interdependence and high rates of interaction found among the different populations
Holistic_community
Economic policy in which governments raise military spending to boost economic growth
greater discretionary power. This type of economy is linked to the interdependence between welfare and warfare states, in which the latter feeds the former
Military_Keynesianism
1948 lithograph by Dutch artist M. C. Escher
gained cultural significance as a metaphor, illustrating concepts of interdependence and paradoxical self-creation. The artwork is discussed in Douglas
Drawing_Hands
Cultural area of South America
Andean cultural area. This cultural area is the consequence of an interdependence relationship caused by an agricultural-based lifestyle; therefore,
Andean_world
Structuralist method of studying kinship
"marriage-alliance" emerged in this frame, pointing out towards the necessary interdependence of various families and lineages. Marriages themselves are thus seen
Alliance_theory
1954 film by Alfred Hitchcock
Osteen, Mark (Fall 2025). "Broken bones : isolation, mobility, and interdependence in Rear Window". Clues : a journal of detection. 43 (2): 39–49. Wikimedia
Rear_Window
Volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity in leadership
within each sport. Complexity refers to the interconnectivity and interdependence of multiple parts in a system. When conducting research, complexity
VUCA
View of relationship of mind & body
as one. Disability scholars use the term bodymind to emphasize the interdependence and inseparability of the body and mind. Disability studies scholars
Bodymind_(disability_studies)
Chinese five elements
Virtues dynastic succession theory that legitimized their reign. The interdependence of zangfu networks in the body was said to be a circle of five things
Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)
Process of diminishing global interdependence
Deglobalization or deglobalisation is the process of diminishing interdependence and integration between certain units around the world, typically nation-states
Deglobalization
Historic temples in Madhya Pradesh, India
integrate masculine and feminine deities and symbols highlight the interdependence. The artworks symbolically highlight the four goals of life considered
Khajuraho_Group_of_Monuments
Vertical and horizontal spread of power
Economic Interdependence and Conflict: Overcoming Methodological Hurdles". In Mansfield, Edward; Pollins, Brian (eds.). Economic Interdependence and International
Multi-level_governance
Potawatomi botanist, educator, and author (born 1953)
Sigurd F. Olson Nature Writing Award. Braiding Sweetgrass is about the interdependence of people and the natural world, primarily the plant world. She won
Robin_Wall_Kimmerer
German British sociologist (1897–1990)
Jason Hughes (2013) Norbert Elias and Modern Sociology: Knowledge, Interdependence, Power, Process. London: Bloomsbury. Dépelteau, F. and Landini, T.S
Norbert_Elias
American economist (born 1954)
OCLC 18351577. —; McKibbin, Warwick (1991). Global Linkages: Macroeconomic Interdependence and Co-operation in the World Economy. Brookings Institution. ISBN 0-8157-5600-3
Jeffrey_Sachs
2006 novel by Peter Watts
consciousness. The crew explore questions of identity, the nature, utility and interdependence of intelligence and consciousness. They theorize that humanity could
Blindsight_(Watts_novel)
Two intertwined, but distinct, social psychological theories
Specifically, "those that derive from interpersonal relationships and interdependence with specific others and those that derive from membership in larger
Social_identity_approach
Societal collapse in the Late Bronze Age
agricultural goods, as well as diplomatic ties progressively deepened their interdependence. Geopolitical powers of the time relied on variations of the palace
Late_Bronze_Age_collapse
Educational approach which arranges students into cooperative groups
students into groups, and it has been described as "structuring positive interdependence." Students must work in groups to complete tasks collectively toward
Cooperative_learning
Practice of leading the work of a team to achieve goals and criteria at a specified time
interrelated parts. It is typically expressed in terms of size, variety, and interdependence of project components, and described by technological and organizational
Project_management
Multiple interactions and regulation of life forms with their environment
dynamic, complex networks of metabolic, genetic, and epigenetic processes and signalling pathways. Related approaches focus on the interdependence of constraints
Living_systems
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963
foreign policy problems and for what he called the "Declaration of Interdependence" (a title not used by the Americans who called it the "Declaration
Harold_Macmillan
Major goddess in Hinduism
almost always has both linga and the yoni. The icon represents the interdependence and union of feminine and masculine energies in recreation and regeneration
Parvati
Concept in sociology
the Internet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities. Like a stratified class system
Social_stratification
Topics referred to by the same term
Industrial Company, where GIC is the company's stock ticker symbol Global Interdependence Center Graphite intercalation compound Group of International Communists
GIC
Fictional propulsion system
scholars as a representation of posthuman connectivity, ecological interdependence, and speculative theoretical physics, with conceptual roots in mycology
Spore_drive
School of academic thought
such as balance of power theory, polarity, interdependence, alliance systems, etc. Regional security complex theory should not be confused with regionalism
Copenhagen School (international relations)
Copenhagen_School_(international_relations)
Branch of biology
aim to understand the interdependence between the parts of organisms. They emphasize the circularities that these interdependences lead to. Theoretical
Mathematical and theoretical biology
Mathematical_and_theoretical_biology
Research method in political science
a field of research in political science focusing on the links and interdependence between government's sections and other societal actors, aiming to
Policy_network_analysis
Austrian economist and philosopher (1899–1992)
Gunnar Myrdal for work on money and economic fluctuations, and the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena. His account of how
Friedrich_Hayek
Culture of people with disabilities
acceptance of human differences, an acceptance of human vulnerability and interdependence, a tolerance for a lack of resolution of the unpredictable in life
Disability_culture
Greek island in the Aegean Sea
ISBN 978-0-299-09144-6. Marina Koumanoudi, "The Latins in the Aegean after 1204: Interdependence and Interwoven Interests," in Urbs capta: The Fourth Crusade and its
Santorini
Series of mummies discovered in the Tarim Basin
(2001). "Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan. Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies". Journal of World History. 12 (2):
Tarim_mummies
when it comes to maintenance scheduling, there is less, if any, task interdependence, and therefore less need to calculate critical path and total float
Resource_leveling
Evolution of the basic supply chain
supply chain can develop this chain into a more complex structure involving a higher level of interdependence and connectivity between more organizations
Supply_chain_network
Field of psychology
understand human-nonhuman animal relationships, namely the profound interdependence between species. Dating from psychology's early beginnings, C.G. Jung
Trans-species_psychology
American computer programmer
for Agile Software Development in 2001, the agile PM Declaration of Interdependence in 2005, and co-founded the International Consortium for Agile in 2009
Alistair_Cockburn
Social justice movement
people, sustainability, solidarity across different disabilities, interdependence, collective access, and collective liberation. The disability justice
Disability_justice
1901 quasi–science fiction novel
societal shift from a generation of people who have traditional values of interdependence, being overtaken by a modern generation who believe in expediency,
The Inheritors (Conrad and Ford novel)
The_Inheritors_(Conrad_and_Ford_novel)
French philosopher, social theorist and activist (1908–1986)
concretely interdependent with the freedoms of others, creating interdependence. This interdependence creates a basis for socialism which includes existentialist
Simone_de_Beauvoir
Exchange of goods and services
exchange, commerce enables specialization, and strengthens economic interdependence. thereby exerting significant impacts on economic development by boosting
Commerce
American Zen Buddhist roshi, anthropologist, ecologist, and civil rights activist
spatial expressions. She considers our condition of interrelatedness and interdependence (ties to ancestors and traditional uses of the land, natural cycles
Joan_Halifax
Ability of the brain to continuously change
1080/16501960310010179. PMID 12817660. Moseley GL, Brugger P (November 2009). "Interdependence of movement and anatomy persists when amputees learn a physiologically
Neuroplasticity
Complete process of bringing a new product to market
2307/2393655. JSTOR 2393655. Adler, S. Paul (1995). "Interdepartmental interdependence and coordination: the case of the design/manufacturing interface" (PDF)
New_product_development
Aggregate of patterned social arrangements in society
describes differentiated parts united through social exchange and material interdependence. As did Marx and Weber, Georg Simmel, more generally, developed a wide-ranging
Social_structure
Andean fertility goddess
a living organism, the organism is present in each of the organs (interdependence). It is a communal and supportive world in which there is no room for
Pachamama
Standard, doctrine or system of conduct
context of caring, mutually responsive relationships which are based on interdependence, particularly in parenting but also in social relationships generally
Morality
American composer and musician
Web 3.0, and blockchain. Herndon and Dryhurst host a podcast called Interdependence, where they discuss technology and the arts with guests who are working
Holly_Herndon
Problem in object-oriented programming Circular dependency – Problematic interdependence of software modules Constant interface God object – Large or very powerful
List of software anti-patterns
List_of_software_anti-patterns
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