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Ancient British Celtic language
Common Brittonic (Welsh: Brythoneg; Cornish: Brythonek; Breton: Predeneg), also known as Common Brythonic, British, or Proto-Brittonic, is the reconstructed
Common_Brittonic
Celtic language family branch
as distinguished from Anglo-Saxons or Gaels. The Brittonic languages derive from the Common Brittonic language, spoken throughout Great Britain during
Brittonic_languages
Ancient Celtic people of Great Britain
Cornish, and Bretons (among others). They spoke Common Brittonic, the ancestor of the modern Brittonic languages. The oldest written evidence for the Britons
Celtic_Britons
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up brittonic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Brittonic or Brythonic may refer to: Common Brittonic, or Brythonic, the Celtic language anciently
Brittonic
Branch of Brittonic containing Cornish and Breton
The Southwestern Brittonic languages (Breton: Predeneg ar mervent, Cornish: Brythonek Dyghowbarthgorlewin) are the Brittonic Celtic languages spoken in
Southwestern Brittonic languages
Southwestern_Brittonic_languages
Language family
has been termed Common Archaic Neo-Brittonic by Celticist John T. Koch. Documents written in Neo-Brittonic languages (or non-Brittonic documents containing
Neo-Brittonic
Branch of Brittonic containing Welsh and Cumbric
Western Brittonic languages (Welsh: Brythoneg Gorllewinol) comprise two dialects into which Common Brittonic split during the Early Middle Ages; its counterpart
Western_Brittonic_languages
Extinct Brittonic language of northern England and southern Scotland
be from Common Brittonic *Cambāco- "crooked stream" (W cam, CB kamm). Crimple Beck, Yorkshire, which is said to derive from Common Brittonic. *Crumbopull-
Cumbric
Welsh name from the medieval age
widespread. The name is traditionally thought to have evolved from the Common Brittonic name Lugubelinos, which was a compound of two names for Celtic deities
Llywelyn_(name)
Language branch
Middle Irish) and the Brittonic languages (Welsh and Breton, descended from Common Brittonic). The other two, Cornish (Brittonic) and Manx (Goidelic),
Celtic_languages
Celtic subdivision containing Gaulish and Brittonic
languages spoken in Gaul and Great Britain (Gaulish, Brittonic and potentially Pritenic), descended from a common ancestor, separate from the Celtic languages
Gallo-Brittonic_languages
Topics referred to by the same term
ethno-linguistic group Brittonic languages, a branch of the Insular Celtic language family (formerly called British) Common Brittonic, an ancient language
British
800s–1100s period of the Welsh language
Welsh. The preceding period, from the time Welsh became distinct from Common Brittonic around 550, has been called "Primitive" or "Archaic Welsh". The phonology
Old_Welsh
One of the historic subdivisions of Lincolnshire, England
has instead argued that the hoi- element in early forms represents a Brittonic *haiw- ('a swamp'). Parts of Holland was one of the three medieval divisions
Parts_of_Holland
Historic county of England
Wales, the names Cumberland and Cumbria are derived from kombroges in Common Brittonic, which originally meant 'compatriots'. At the time of the Domesday
Cumberland
Ancient Celtic peoples of Scotland
would have been Pictish tribes speaking a language closely related to Common Brittonic, or a branch of it augmented by fugitive Brythonic resistance fighters
Caledonians
Proto-Baltic Proto-Slavic Proto-Celtic Common Brittonic Proto-Germanic Proto-Norse Proto-Italic Proto-Romance Common Romanian Proto-Uralic Proto-Finno-Ugric [ru]
List_of_proto-languages
5th-century Romano-British military leader
King', 'Kingliest'. Alternatively, it may come from Brittonic *Riiotamos, meaning 'Freest'. The Brittonic form survived into Old Welsh as Riatav (Modern Welsh
Riothamus
Queen of the British Iceni tribe (d. 60/61)
word *boudā 'victory', and that the correct spelling of the name in Common Brittonic (the British Celtic language) is Boudica, pronounced [boʊˈdiːkaː].
Boudica
Place name
The name Britain originates from the Common Brittonic term Pritanī and is one of the oldest known names for Great Britain, an island off the north-western
Britain_(place_name)
Celtic tribe
The Catuvellauni (Common Brittonic: *Catu-wellaunī, "war-chiefs") were a Celtic tribe or state of southeastern Britain before the Roman conquest, attested
Catuvellauni
Earliest historical form of English language
in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language; and Latin, brought to Britain by the Roman conquest
Old_English
Hill in Glastonbury, Somerset, England
Glastonbury Tor is a hill near Glastonbury in the English county of Somerset, topped by the roofless tower of St Michael's Church, a Grade I listed building
Glastonbury_Tor
River in south-west Scotland
The River Nith (Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Nid; Common Brittonic: Nowios) is a river in south-west Scotland. The Nith rises in the Carsphairn hills of East
River_Nith
Celtic language indigenous to the island of Ireland
language in law courts (even when they knew English), and Irish was also common in commercial transactions. The language was heavily implicated in the "devotional
Irish_language
Geographical name used by Roman Empire for northern Scotland
Caledonia is derived from the tribal name Caledones (a Latinization of a Brittonic nominative plural n-stem Calēdones or Calīdones, from earlier *Kalē=Black
Caledonia
Caves attraction in Nottingham, England
City of Caves is a visitor attraction in Nottingham based on a network of caves, carved out of sandstone that have been variously used over the years as
City_of_Caves
Historical and contemporary phonology of the Cornish language
delimiters. The Cornish language separated from the southwestern dialect of Common Brittonic at some point between 600 and 1000 AD. The phonological similarity
Cornish_phonology
Character in fiction and legend
Iseult (/ɪˈsuːlt, ɪˈzuːlt/ iss-OOLT, iz-), alternatively Isolde (/ɪˈzoʊld(ə), ɪˈsoʊld(ə)/ iz-OHLD(-ə), iss-) and other spellings, is the name of several
Iseult
Traditional southern district of Ayrshire
- Guide to the Elements" (PDF). Scottish Place Name Society - The common Brittonic Language in the Old North. Retrieved 25 October 2018. Harper, Douglas
Carrick,_Scotland
of the Brittonic languages of Scotland survive to the modern day, though they have been reconstructed to a degree. The ancestral Common Brittonic language
Languages_of_Scotland
British tribe of the Iron Age and Roman era
The Carvetii (Common Brittonic: *Carwetī) were a Brittonic Celtic tribe living in what is now Cumbria, in North-West England during the Iron Age, and were
Carvetii
1st-century pre-Roman British king
Cunobelinus (Common Brittonic: *Cunobelinos, "Dog-Strong"), sometimes anglicized Cunobeline or Cunobelin, was a king in pre-Roman Britain from about AD
Cunobelinus
British tribe of the Iron Age and Roman era
The Brigantes were a tribe or confederation of Celtic Britons who dwelt in what is now Northern England during the Iron Age and Roman era. Their territory
Brigantes
River in Devon, England
Anna Eliza Bray recorded that a version of the name, Darant was still in common usage as late as 1832. The river begins as two separate branches (the East
River_Dart
Medieval Welsh poem
North"); as such it would have originated in the Cumbric dialect of Common Brittonic. Others consider it the work of a poet from Wales in the 9th, 10th
Y_Gododdin
Celtic language native to Cornwall
the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Cornish people and their homeland, Cornwall. Along with Welsh and Breton, Cornish descends from Common Brittonic
Cornish_language
Eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet
computer science). In historical linguistics, Σ is used to represent a Common Brittonic consonant with a sound between [s] and [h]; perhaps an aspirated [ʃʰ]
Sigma
Western region of Brittany
Celtic Brittonic (Brythonic) Reconstructed Common Brittonic Southwestern Brittonic Breton Batz-sur-Mer Gwenedeg Trégorrois Cornish Western Brittonic Cumbric
Lower_Brittany
Welsh mythological character
the Gaulish goddess Dea Matrona. The name Mabon is derived from the Common Brittonic and Gaulish deity name Maponos "Great Son", from the Proto-Celtic root
Mabon_ap_Modron
County in England, United Kingdom
first century BCE, the spoken language was Common Brittonic, and that would develop into Southwestern Brittonic and then the Cornish language. Cornwall was
History_of_Cornwall
Celtic tribe in Great Britain
The Ordovices (from Latin: Ordovīcēs;[pronunciation?] Common Brittonic: *Ordowīces)[citation needed] were one of the Celtic tribes living in Great Britain
Ordovices
Ancient Roman city in present-day York, England
and Eburacum (in nominative form). The name Eboracum comes from the Common Brittonic *Eburākon, of disputed meaning. One view is that it meant "yew tree
Eboracum
River in Devon, England
The Tavy (/ˈteɪvi/) is a river on Dartmoor, Devon, England. The name derives from the Brythonic root tam, once thought to mean 'dark' but now generally
River_Tavy
Human settlement in Scotland
the name Lochmaben represents the Roman name Locus Maponi. This name is Brittonic in origin, and contains the element luch, meaning 'marshy or brackish
Lochmaben
River in Hampshire, England
and 901, Tarstan stream in 1045, Terstein 1234, and Test in 1425. In Common Brittonic, not Old English, all related dictionaries show three suitable words
River_Test
south of the Firth of Forth, the culture had become Celtic, with a common Brittonic language. The Romans, who began their conquest of Britain in AD 43
History_of_Wales
Highest summit in the Cheviot Hills, England
Cheviot, which was first documented in 1181 as Chiuiet, is probably of Brittonic origin. The name involves the element *ceμ-, meaning "ridge", and the
The_Cheviot
Etymology of placenames derived from Celtic languages
include the Continental Gaulish language and the Brittonic branch of Insular Celtic. Common Brittonic is the ancestor of Welsh, Cornish and Breton. Ancient
Celtic_toponymy
Roman fort in Northern England
textbooks for primary-school children, using stories based in Vindolanda Common Brittonic: windo-, lit. 'fair, white, blessed', landa, 'enclosure/meadow/prairie/grassy
Vindolanda
Ethnic group native to Wales
the peoples of southern Britain; all were called Britons and spoke Common Brittonic, a Celtic language. This language, and Celtic culture more generally
Welsh_people
Origin of the place-name Edinburgh
accepted that this name in turn derives ultimately from the Celtic Common Brittonic language. Eithin is Welsh for "gorse". Several medieval Welsh sources
Etymology_of_Edinburgh
Country within the United Kingdom
population was largely replaced. It was this Iron Age Celtic culture, and their common language, that were called the Britons by the Romans. With the departure
Wales
name of the Angles. English soon displaced the previously predominant Common Brittonic and British Latin throughout most of England. The English language
Languages of the United Kingdom
Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom
Counting system used by British shepherds
The counting systems have changed considerably over time. A particularly common tendency is for certain pairs of adjacent numbers to come to resemble each
Yan_tan_tethera
Medieval Welsh name for a region of Britain
near the border'. Ranko Matasović prefers to see Lloegr as coming from a Brittonic collective noun *Lāikor meaning 'warriors', the root of which he proposes
Lloegyr
Town in South Yorkshire, England
'homestead, estate', meaning 'homestead on the Rother'. The river name is of Brittonic origin for 'main river', ro- 'over, chief' and duβr 'water'. Another river
Rotherham
Practice of rendering a non-Latin name in a Latin style
It is a Latinised form of the Brittonic name *Eburākon which means 'place of (the) yew trees'. The Common Brittonic language was spoken by the indigenous
Latinisation_of_names
Derivation of the place-name London
termination -in-jo-n. However, it has long been observed that the proposed Common Brittonic name *Londinjon cannot give either the known Anglo-Saxon form Lunden
Etymology_of_London
Town in Greater Manchester, England
Wigan is probably a Celtic place-name; it might be a diminutive form of Brittonic wīg 'homestead, settlement" (later Welsh gwig), plus the nominal suffix
Wigan
Topics referred to by the same term
village in Lithuania Venta (catamaran), a 1973 Latvian catamaran Venta, Common Brittonic for "market" or "town" in Iron Age Britain, used particularly for:
Venta
Name list
Cadwallon is a Welsh name derived from the Common Brittonic *Katuwellaunos (Proto-Celtic *Katu-welnā-mnos) "The One Who (-mnos) Leads (welnā-) in Battle
Cadwallon
Historic linguistic effect of British Celtics
Brittonicisms in English are the linguistic effects in English attributed to the historical influence of Brittonic (i.e. British Celtic) speakers as they
Brittonicisms_in_English
Period of British prehistory, from c. 800 BC until the Roman occupation
languages and had broadly Celtic cultural traits. The Britons, speakers of Common Brittonic, were made up of many tribes and kingdoms, and followed an ancient
British_Iron_Age
Warrior in Welsh mythology
"cormorant"; literally "sea crow", from môr, "sea", and brân, "crow", from Common Brittonic *mori-brannos, as in French cormoran < L corvus marinus) is a figure
Morfran
Celtic tribe
The Selgovae (Common Brittonic: *Selgowī) were a Celtic tribe of the late 2nd century AD who lived in what is now Kirkcudbrightshire and Dumfriesshire
Selgovae
Town in Inverclyde, Scotland
Ayrshire. R. M. Smith in (1921) described the alternative derivation from Common Brittonic *Graenag, 'gravelly or sandy place', as more appropriate, accurately
Greenock
Irish mythical hero
Nudd), Cornish gwen, Breton gwenn, Continental Celtic and Common Brittonic *uindo- (a common element in personal and place names), and comes from the Proto-Celtic
Fionn_mac_Cumhaill
List of deities of the Celtic peoples
Celtic Britons inhabited most of the island of Great Britain and spoke Common Brittonic or British. Abnoba - Gaulish goddess worshipped in the Black Forest
List_of_Celtic_deities
Name list
Galfrid (Latinised as Galfridus). The Welsh form evolved from the Common Brittonic Grippiud or Gripuid. The meaning of the name is “strong lord.” One
Gruffudd
Territories in Northwestern Europe in which Celtic cultural traits have survived
from Middle Irish) and the Brittonic languages (Welsh, Breton and Cornish, which are both descended from Common Brittonic). In 2010, there were more than
Celtic_nations
Name of a Celtic tribe in Roman-age Britain
meaning 'Cornwall'), which Peter Schrijver argues probably derive from Common Brittonic *kornou̯(i̯)ī. According to Ptolemy, there were two other tribes known
Cornovii_(Cornwall)
Set of varieties of English language
Netherlands. The resident population at this time generally spoke Common Brittonic – the insular variety of Continental Celtic, which had been influenced
British_English
Kingdom in the north of early Anglo-Saxon Britain
Kingdom of Deira c. 450–654 Capital York Common languages Northumbrian Old English, Common Brittonic Religion Paganism, Christianity Government Monarchy
Deira
Preserved county of Wales
element related to the Welsh language word defaid (sheep) as well as the Common Brittonic word defod (wealth, property or riches). This suggests that the area
Dyfed
River in Wales
longest river flowing wholly within Wales. Its name derives from a Common Brittonic word meaning "abounding in fish", or possibly "water". It is designated
River_Usk
Topics referred to by the same term
British English, a dialect of English Brittonic languages, a branch of Insular Celtic languages Common Brittonic, an ancient language once spoken across
British_languages
Enchantress in the Arthurian legend
derived from Old Welsh or Old Breton Morgen, meaning 'sea-born' (from Common Brittonic *Mori-genā, the masculine form of which, *Mori-genos, survived in Middle
Morgan_le_Fay
Historic county of England
or York's Shire. The word York is believed to have originated from the Brittonic word Eburākon, which means 'place of yew trees'. This theory is supported
Yorkshire
Britain under Roman rule (43 AD – c. 410 AD)
languages suggests some 800 Latin words were incorporated into Common Brittonic (see Brittonic languages). The current majority language, English, is based
Roman_Britain
1st-century AD British chieftain of the Catuvellauni tribe
on historical linguistics and source criticism, that the original Common Brittonic form was *Karatākos, pronounced [karaˈtaːkos], cognate with Welsh Caradog
Caratacus
Ancient changes to Celtic languages
the Common Brittonic language which occurred sometime after the middle of the first millennium AD, resulting in the collapse of the early Brittonic system
New_Quantity_System
Few English words are definitively known to come directly from Brittonic, the language of the Celtic inhabitants of Britain prior to the Anglo-Saxon settlement
List of English words of Brittonic origin
List_of_English_words_of_Brittonic_origin
Common elements in place-names of Celtic origin
geographical influence of the Brittonic and Goidelic language groups, respectively. Aber goes back to Common Brittonic. In Old Welsh it has the form oper
Aber and Inver (placename elements)
Aber_and_Inver_(placename_elements)
Early 1st century AD king of the Marcomanni
Irish bodb 'scald-crow, war-divinity', Old Breton bodou 'ardea'; also Common Brittonic Boduoci (Boudica)). The Celtic personal names Boduus, Teuto-boduus
Maroboduus
Early English kingdom (c.455-825)
to the Celtic Cantiaci tribe. Its name had been taken from an older Common Brittonic place-name, Cantium ("corner of land" or "land on the edge") used in
Kingdom_of_Kent
River in the south west of England
square kilometres (860 sq mi). The name "Avon" is loaned from the Common Brittonic abona, "river", which survives in the Welsh word afon [ˈavɔn]. "River
River_Avon,_Bristol
Language influencing or influenced by another through contact
structure of Old English. The phenomenon is less common today in standardized linguistic varieties and more common in colloquial forms of speech. Modern nations
Stratum_(linguistics)
Debate about whether King Arthur was a historical person
Welsh (Riatav/Riadaf) and Old Breton (Riatam); all are derived from Common Brittonic *Rigotamos, meaning 'Most Kingly' or 'Kingliest'. According to Gildas
Historicity_of_King_Arthur
Village near Warrington, England
and Culchith, Kilchiche, Kylchiz (1292). The name derives from the Common Brittonic words that survive in modern Welsh as cul ("narrow") and coed ("woodland")
Culcheth
Arthur. The name Teyrnon is widely acknowledged as deriving from the Common Brittonic *tigernonos, "great lord". A son is born in Arberth to Pwyll, Lord
Teyrnon
Tidal island in northeast England
- Guide to the Elements" (PDF), Scottish Place Name Society - The common Brittonic Language in the Old North, archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October
Lindisfarne
Sixth-century ruler of Rheged
(Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɨ̞riɛn ˈr̥ɛɡɛd]) was a powerful sixth-century Brittonic-speaking figure who was possibly the ruler of the territory or kingdom
Urien_Rheged
the original on 19 November 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2008. James, Alan. "Brittonic Language in the Old North: A Guide to the Place-Name Evidence" (PDF).
List of elements in place names in the British Isles
List_of_elements_in_place_names_in_the_British_Isles
Welsh-language literature in the Middle Ages
century AD, when Welsh was in the process of becoming distinct from Common Brittonic, and continuing to the works of the 16th century. The Welsh language
Medieval_Welsh_literature
King of the Catuvellauni
Brenhinedd and the Welsh Triads as Caswallawn, son of Beli Mawr. The Common Brittonic personal name Cassiuellaunos stems from the word uellaunos ('chief
Cassivellaunus
Mountainous region in Scotland
627 Naming English translation "Mountain" Language of name Pictish/Common Brittonic Geography Mounth Location within Scotland Location Aberdeenshire, Scotland
Mounth
Town in Roman Britannia
Winchester. The name is Proto-Celtic in origin: Venta comes from *Uentā, a Common Brittonic word meaning "market". Roman writers recorded the town as Venta Belgarum
Venta_Belgarum
Celtic Brittonic (Brythonic) Reconstructed Common Brittonic Southwestern Brittonic Breton Batz-sur-Mer Gwenedeg Trégorrois Cornish Western Brittonic Cumbric
The_North/South_Language_Body
and personal names, makes it clear that a Celtic language, called Common Brittonic, was spoken across what came to be England by the Late Iron Age. At
Toponymy_of_England
travel, tourism, insurance
COMMON BRITTONIC
COMMON BRITTONIC
Surname or Lastname
French, English, and Spanish (Cordón)
French, English, and Spanish (Cordón) : from Old French cordon ‘cord’, ‘ribbon’, a diminutive of corde ‘string’, ‘cord’; Spanish cordón, hence a metonymic occupational name for a maker or seller of cord or ribbon.English : metonymic occupational name for a worker in fine Spanish kid leather, from Old French cordoan (so named with being originally produced at Córdoba).
Surname or Lastname
English (formerly common in Kent)
English (formerly common in Kent) : unexplained. This name seems to have died out in Britain.
Male
Irish
Irish name COMYN means "shrewd."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of numerous places named from Old English cotum (dative plural of cot) ‘at the cottages or huts’ (or sometimes possibly from a Middle English plural, coten). Examples include Coton (Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, Staffordshire), Cottam (East Yorkshire, Lancashire, Nottinghamshire), and Cotham (Nottinghamshire).French : from a diminutive of Old French cot(t)e ‘coat (of mail)’ (see Cott).John Cotton (1584–1652) was a noted Puritan preacher, who landed at Boston, MA, from London in 1633 and became leader of the Congregationalists in America.
Biblical
common
Male
English
English form of Irish Colmán, COLMAN means "dove."
Surname or Lastname
English (common in Bristol)
English (common in Bristol) : variant of Gingold, of which the origin is unexplained.Respelling of German Gingel, a common Bavarian surname, derived from a short form of the Germanic personal name Gangulf, composed of the elements gangan ‘to walk or go’ + (w)ulf ‘wolf’.
Male
English
English masculine variant spelling of Scottish Cameron, CAMRON means "crooked nose."
Male
English
 Anglicized form of Hebrew Rimmown, RIMMON means "pomegranate." In the bible, this is the name of several places, the name of a Benjamite of Beeroth.Â
Surname or Lastname
Swedish (common in Finland)
Swedish (common in Finland) : ornamental name formed with the common surname suffix -in and an unexplained first element.German : unexplained.English : unexplained.Spanish (FarÃn) : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Australian, Biblical, Latin, Shakespearean
Common
Male
Irish
Contracted form of Irish Gaelic Comhghán, COMGAN means "born together."
Male
English
 Anglicized form of Hebrew Ammown, AMMON means "kindred, tribal." In the bible, this is the name of a son of Lot by his younger daughter. Compare with another form of Ammon.
Surname or Lastname
English (also common in South Wales)
English (also common in South Wales) : patronymic from the personal name Edmund (see Edmond).
Male
Romanian
Romanian form of Greek Kosmos, COSMIN means "order, beauty."
Surname or Lastname
Scottish and northern Irish
Scottish and northern Irish : variant of Curzon.English (of Norman origin) : nickname from Old French corson, a diminutive of curt ‘short’ (see Court).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the numerous places throughout England (but especially in the south) named Compton, from Old English cumb ‘short, straight valley’ + tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’.
Surname or Lastname
English (common in Lancashire)
English (common in Lancashire) : habitational name from Sharples Hall near Bolton, probably so called from Old English scearp ‘sharp’, i.e. ‘steep’ + lǣs ‘pasture’.
Male
Greek
(Ἄμμων) Greek form of Egyptian Yamanu, AMMON means "the hidden one." In mythology, Yamanu is the name of a god of wind and air. Compare with another form of Ammon.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : habitational name from any of various places called Colton in England, perhaps also Colton House in Scotland. Examples in Norfolk, Staffordshire, and North Yorkshire are from the Old English personal name Cola (or the cognate Old Norse Koli; see Cole 2) + Old English tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’. The place so named in Somerset has as its first element the Old English personal name Cūla (of uncertain origin). The one in Cumbria has a river name apparently derived from a Celtic word meaning ‘hazel’.
COMMON BRITTONIC
COMMON BRITTONIC
COMMON BRITTONIC
COMMON BRITTONIC
COMMON BRITTONIC
COMMON BRITTONIC
COMMON BRITTONIC
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