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Human chromosome
Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 90 million
Chromosome_16
Partial or complete triplication of chromosome 16
Trisomy 16 is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common autosomal trisomy leading to
Trisomy_16
DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell
A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are
Chromosome
Chromosome whose ends have fused together to form a ring
A ring chromosome is an aberrant chromosome whose ends have fused together to form a ring. Early observations of ring chromosomes were made during the
Ring_chromosome
Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes
A chromosomal abnormality or chromosomal anomaly is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA. These can occur in the form of numerical
Chromosome_abnormality
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
studies of a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol linkage region on chromosome 16 in French-Canadian subjects". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 18 (3): 342–7. doi:10
Mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase
Mixed_lineage_kinase_domain_like_pseudokinase
Rare genetic condition
mutation or deletion in the CREBBP gene, located on chromosome 16, and/or the EP300 gene, located on chromosome 22. This condition is sometimes inherited as
Rubinstein–Taybi_syndrome
Human genetic disorder
suggested the condition was linked to PTEN on chromosome 10, while other research pointed to chromosome 16. Before the findings regarding AKT1 in 2011,
Proteus_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
This gene and another subfamily member are arranged head-to-tail on chromosome 16q12.1. Increased expression of this gene is associated with breast cancer
ABCC12
Human chromosome
Chromosome 2 is one of the twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 2 is the second-largest
Chromosome_2
Sex chromosome in the XY sex-determination system
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms. Along with the X chromosome, it is part of the XY sex-determination
Y_chromosome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Cornelisse CJ, Cleton-Jansen AM, Callen DF (December 2005). "FBXO31 is the chromosome 16q24.3 senescence gene, a candidate breast tumor suppressor, and a component
FBXO31
Medical condition
ATR-16 syndrome, also called alpha-thalassemia-intellectual disability syndrome, is a rare disease characterized by monosomy on part of chromosome 16. ATR-16
ATR-16_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Koumanov K, Mattei MG, Lazdunski M, Lambeau G (Jul 1997). "Cloning, chromosomal mapping, and expression of a novel human secretory phospholipase A2"
PLA2G10
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Human Molecular Genetics. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339
Hemoglobin_subunit_zeta
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
et al. (2005). "The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16" (PDF). Nature. 432 (7020): 988–94. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..988M. doi:10
NDE1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q". Genomics. 60 (3): 295–308. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5927. PMID 10493829
GSPT1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Identification and expression of the gene for human ataxin-2-related protein on chromosome 16". Exp Neurol. 184 (2): 669–78. doi:10.1016/S0014-4886(03)00287-5. PMID 14769358
ATXN2L
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Human Molecular Genetics. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339
NME3
Human chromosome
Chromosome 21 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Chromosome 21 is both the smallest human autosome and chromosome, with 46.7 million base
Chromosome_21
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
demonstrated that this protein plays an essential role in coordinating chromosome replication and segregation with cytokinesis. ORC6 has been shown to interact
ORC6
Protein-coding gene in humans
human phenol sulfotransferase genes (STP1 and STP2) on the short arm of chromosome 16". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 228 (1): 134–40
SULT1A1
Human chromosome
Chromosome 8 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 8 spans about 146 million
Chromosome_8
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DF (Feb 1987). "New regional localisations for HAGH and PGP on human chromosome 16". Hum Genet. 74 (4): 423–4. doi:10.1007/BF00280498. PMID 3025077. S2CID 19620852
HAGH
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(May 2000). "WWOX, a novel WW domain-containing protein mapping to human chromosome 16q23.3-24.1, a region frequently affected in breast cancer". Cancer Research
WWOX
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
et al. (2005). "The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16" (PDF). Nature. 432 (7020): 988–94. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..988M. doi:10
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L28
Mitochondrial_ribosomal_protein_L28
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
spliced genes ZNF500 and ANKS3. The gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 16 at 16p13.1. Its genomic sequence begins on the plus strand at 4,734
DNAAF8
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
studies of a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol linkage region on chromosome 16 in French-Canadian subjects". European Journal of Human Genetics. 18
FA2H
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q". Genomics. 60 (3): 295–308. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5927. PMID 10493829
DOK4
Protein-coding gene in humans
been reported to map to chromosome 17 in the Smith-Magenis syndrome region, the best alignments for this gene are to chromosome 16. The Smith-Magenis syndrome
COTL1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
associated with drug resistance maps proximal to MRP on chromosome 16: evidence that chromosome breakage plays a key role in MRP or LRP gene amplification"
Major_vault_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339. PMID 11157797
WDR24
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene encoding this paralog has been mapped to chromosome 16; the gene for the other resides on chromosome 18. VPS4A has been shown to interact with CHMP1A
VPS4A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q". Genomics. 60 (3): 295–308. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5927. PMID 10493829
PMFBP1
Human gene
"Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q". Genomics. 60 (3): 295–308. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5927. PMID 10493829
LOC81691
Rare condition caused by a microdeletion on the short arm of chromosome 16
rare genetic condition caused by microdeletion on the short arm of chromosome 16. Most affected individuals experience global developmental delay and
16p11.2_deletion_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
et al. (2005). "The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16". Nature. 432 (7020): 988–94. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..988M. doi:10.1038/nature03187
PIGQ
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
originally identified as a secreted growth inhibitor. This gene is mapped to chromosome 16q24, an area of frequent loss of heterozygosity in cancers, including
WFDC1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339. PMID 11157797
GNG13
Protein found in humans
a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). A SNP in the ABCC11 gene on chromosome 16 at base position 538 of either a guanine or adenine determines two distinct
ABCC11
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene expression: molecular cloning, sequencing, characterization, and chromosomal assignment". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 96 (8): 4518–23. Bibcode:1999PNAS
LITAF
Hypothetical human protein
Ribosome Maturation Factor, is a hypothetical human protein found on chromosome 16. Its protein is 312 amino acids long and its cDNA has 1214 base pairs
TSR3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
phosphomannomutase gene on chromosome 16p13, in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein type I syndrome (Jaeken syndrome)". Nature Genetics. 16 (1): 88–92. doi:10
PMM2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Chromosome 16 open reading frame 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C16orf7 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000075399 – Ensembl,
C16orf7
Phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of an chromosomes
In genetics, chromosome translocation is a phenomenon that results in unusual rearrangement of chromosomes. This includes "balanced" and "unbalanced"
Chromosomal_translocation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
containing 5 is a protein-coding gene in humans that is located on Chromosome 16. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000140691 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:
ARMC5
Human protein
pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339. PMID 11157797
TELO2
Mitochondrial protein and coding gene in humans
Migliosi V, Miller SC, Wang A, Friedman TB, Jacobs HT (Jun 1998). "Chromosomal locations of three human nuclear genes (RPSM12, TUFM, and AFG3L1) specifying
TUFM
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
E-selectin binding membrane sialoglycoprotein of the Golgi apparatus, to chromosome 16q22-q23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 28 (2): 354–5
GLG1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Antonarakis SE (Feb 1993). "Localization of the human gene for mu-crystallin to chromosome 16p". Genomics. 14 (4): 1115–6. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80143-0. PMID 1478656
CRYM
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339. PMID 11157797
ARHGDIG
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Localization of the gene for a novel human adenylyl cyclase (ADCY7) to chromosome 16". Hum Genet. 95 (2): 197–200. doi:10.1007/bf00209401. PMID 7860067.
ADCY7
Human chromosome
Chromosome 4 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 4 spans more than 190 million
Chromosome_4
Sex chromosome present in both sexes in the XY and X0 sex-determination systems
The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in many organisms, including mammals, and is found in both males and females. It is a part of the XY
X_chromosome
Protein-coding gene in humans
is located in a six-cadherin cluster in a region on the long arm of chromosome 16 that is involved in loss of heterozygosity events in breast and prostate
CDH3_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
et al. (2005). "The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16" (PDF). Nature. 432 (7020): 988–94. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..988M. doi:10
RGS11
copy of the 21st chromosome, is responsible for causing Down syndrome, and the mouse chromosome 16 closely resembles human chromosome 21. In 1979, trisomy
Mouse_models_of_Down_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
regenerative stimulation substance. The GFER gene is located on the p arm of chromosome 16 at position 13.3 and it spans 3,600 base pairs. The GFER gene produces
GFER
Protein-coding gene in humans
PMC 237448. PMID 8419650. Hemmerich S, Lee JK, Bhakta S, et al. (2001). "Chromosomal localization and genomic organization for the galactose/
CHST4
Protein found in humans
Shows TB (Oct 1984). "Human metallothionein genes are clustered on chromosome 16". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
Metallothionein_1A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
A, Araki H (2003). "GINS, a novel multiprotein complex required for chromosomal DNA replication in budding yeast". Genes Dev. 17 (9): 1153–65. doi:10
GINS2
Protein-coding gene in humans
Nahmias J, Callen DF (Aug 1998). "Localization of human cadherin genes to chromosome regions exhibiting cancer-related loss of heterozygosity". Genomics. 49
CDH11
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Epplen JT (Apr 2006). "Mutations of the puratrophin-1 (PLEKHG4) gene on chromosome 16q22.1 are not a common genetic cause of cerebellar ataxia in a European
PLEKHG4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
subassembly unit of the polymerase. A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 21. POLR2C has been shown to interact with: ATF4, CCHCR1, Myogenin, POLR2A
POLR2C
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Assignment of pancreatic zymogen granule membrane protein GP2 (GP2) to human chromosome band 9q21.11 to q21.2 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet Cell Genet
GP2_(gene)
Human hair color
is most common in individuals homozygous for a recessive allele on chromosome 16 that produces an altered version of the MC1R protein. Red hair varies
Red_hair
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
telomeres and represses formation of telomeric DNA-containing double minute chromosomes". Molecular Cell. 12 (6): 1489–98. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00478-7
TERF2IP
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Human periplakin: genomic organization in a clonally unstable region of chromosome 16p with an abundance of repetitive sequence elements". Genomics. 56 (2):
Periplakin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
its paralog ACSM2B (Gene ID: 348158), both present on chromosome 16, likely arose from a chromosomal duplication event. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]. GRCh38:
Acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 2A
Acyl-CoA_synthetase_medium_chain_family_member_2A
Medical condition
is a genetic condition caused by duplication of a specific region on chromosome 16. The odds of developing autism spectrum disorder are elevated and comparable
16p11.2_duplication_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
transcript variants have been described. Related pseudogenes exist on chromosomes 2 and X. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167522 – Ensembl, May 2017
Ankyrin_repeat_domain_11
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
by alternative splicing of transcripts from a single gene on human chromosome 16". Mol Cell Biol. 11 (2): 1146–55. doi:10.1128/MCB.11.2.1146. PMC 359797
GNAO1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
et al. (2005). "The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16". Nature. 432 (7020): 988–994. Bibcode:2004Natur.432..988M. doi:10.1038/nature03187
MARF1
Human chromosome
Chromosome 17 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 17 spans more than 84 million
Chromosome_17
Protein-coding gene in humans
system is severely compromised and cannot effectively fight infection. Chromosomal rearrangement of CIITA is involved in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma
CIITA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Stone EM, Sheffield VC (Apr 2001). "Positional cloning of a novel gene on chromosome 16q causing Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS2)". Hum Mol Genet. 10 (8): 865–74
BBS2
Protein-coding gene in humans
GK (Jul 1996). "Linkage of a gene for macular corneal dystrophy to chromosome 16". Am J Hum Genet. 58 (4): 757–62. PMC 1914688. PMID 8644739. Akama TO
CHST6
British geneticist (1928–2007)
presence of an extra chromosome. The extra chromosome belonged to the E group of chromosomes which consisted of chromosomes 16, 17 and 18. The condition
John_H._Edwards
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Human Molecular Genetics. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339
NME4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gene. The gene is approximately 97 kilobases long and is located at chromosomal position 16q24.2. Junctophilin proteins are associated with the formation
JPH3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (4): 339–352. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339. PMID 11157797
RHBDF1
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339. PMID 11157797
HBQ1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
membranous cargo. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms
DCTN5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q". Genomics. 60 (3): 295–308. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5927. PMID 10493829
NUPR1
Genetic condition causing non-cancerous tumours
hamartin, is located on chromosome 9 q34, and was discovered in 1997. TSC2 encodes for the protein tuberin, is located on chromosome 16 p13.3, and was discovered
Tuberous_sclerosis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q". Genomics. 60 (3): 295–308. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5927. PMID 10493829
ACSM3
Protein-coding gene in humans
gene for the cell adhesion molecule M-cadherin maps to mouse chromosome 8 and human chromosome 16q24.1-qter and is near the E-cadherin (uvomorulin) locus
CDH15
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Bessonova M, Gu HF, Groop LC, Jönsson JI (2000). "Characterization, chromosomal localization, and expression during hematopoietic differentiation of
ARL6IP1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V0C gene. This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase
ATP6V0C
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339. PMID 11157797
TPSG1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Zhang P, Gong R, Zhao S (Jun 2001). "Cloning, expression patterns, and chromosome localization of three human and two mouse homologues of GABA(A) receptor-associated
GABARAPL2
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Corbi AL, Larson RS, Kishimoto TK, Springer TA, Morton CC (1988). "Chromosomal location of the genes encoding the leukocyte adhesion receptors LFA-1
Integrin_alpha_L
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339. PMID 11157797
WFIKKN1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FAHD1 gene on chromosome 16. The FAHD1 gene encodes for a 24-kDa protein that is localized to the
FAHD1
Protein found in humans
"Genome duplications and other features in 12 Mb of DNA sequence from human chromosome 16p and 16q". Genomics. 60 (3): 295–308. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5927. PMID 10493829
CCP110
Enzyme found in humans
newly discovered carbonic anhydrase, CA VII, and its localization to chromosome 16" (PDF). Genomics. 11 (4): 835–48. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90006-Z.
Carbonic_anhydrase_7
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Medicine. Wong DA, Davis EM, LeBeau M, Springer TA (Aug 1996). "Cloning and chromosomal localization of a novel gene-encoding a human beta 2-integrin alpha subunit"
Integrin_alpha_D
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Shows TB (Oct 1984). "Human metallothionein genes are clustered on chromosome 16". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 81 (17): 5494–8. Bibcode:1984PNAS...81.5494K
MT1E
Human chromosome
Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells. Humans normally have two copies of chromosome 22 in each cell. Chromosome 22 is the
Chromosome_22
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Edwards YH (Jan 1999). "The human TBX6 gene: cloning and assignment to chromosome 16p11.2". Genomics. 55 (2): 238–41. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5646. PMID 9933572
TBX6
CHROMOSOME 16
CHROMOSOME 16
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Middle English personal name Merewine (Old English Maerwin, from mær ‘fame’ + win ‘friend’).English : from the Old English personal name Merefinn, derived from Old Norse Mora-Finnr.English : from the Old English personal name Mǣrwynn, composed of the elements mǣr ‘famous’, ‘renowned’ + wynn ‘joy’.English : from the Welsh personal name Merfyn, Mervyn, composed of the Old Welsh elements mer, which probably means ‘marrow’, + myn ‘eminent’.English : Mathew Marvin was one of the founders of Hartford, CT, (coming from Cambridge, MA, with Thomas Hooker) in 1635.
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : most probably an altered form of Welsh Meredith (which is found as Meriday in 16th and 17th century English sources), or possibly of English Mayhew.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : variant of Marchand.John Marchant (c.1600–c.1668) was in Newport, RI, before 1638. In that year he moved to Braintree, MA, then to Watertown, MA (1642), and finally to Yarmouth, MA (1648). His descendants included many sea captains and other prominent people.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. It may be a nickname for a beggar, from an agent derivative of maund ‘beg’ (probably from Old French mendier, Late Latin mendicare); this word is not attested before the 16th century, but may well have been in use earlier. Alternatively it may be an occupational name for a maker of baskets, from an agent derivative of Middle English maund ‘basket’ (Old French mande, of Germanic origin); or perhaps for someone in some position of authority, from a shortened form of Middle English coma(u)nder (from coma(u)nden ‘to command’).German : habitational name from places called Mandern, in Hesse and the Rhineland.Belgian (van der Mander) : habitational name from a place called Ter Mandere or Mandel, in West Flanders, derived from the river name Mandel.Indian (Panjab) : Sikh (Dogar, Jat) name of unknown meaning, based on the names of clans in these communities.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a mower or reaper of grass or hay, Old English mǣðere. Compare Mead, Mower. Hay was formerly of great importance, not only as feed for animals in winter but also for bedding.English : in southern Lancashire, where it has long been a common surname, it is probably a relatively late development of Madder (see Mader).English : The prominent Mather family of New England were established in America by Richard Mather (1596–1669) in 1635. He was a Puritan clergyman from a well-established family of Lowton, Lancashire, England. After he emigrated, he was in great demand as a preacher, finally settling in Dorchester, MA. His son Increase Mather (1639–1723) was a diplomat and president of Harvard. He married his step-sister Maria Cotton, herself the daughter of an eminent Puritan divine, John Cotton. Their son Cotton Mather (1663–1728) bore both family names. The latter was a minister who is remembered for his part in witchcraft trials, but he was also a man of science and a fellow of the Royal Society in London.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Mander.Belcher Manter is recorded in Plymouth, MA, in 1657. John Manter (1658–1744), possibly a son of Belcher, was the founder of a family associated with Martha’s Vineyard.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Mann 1 and 2.Irish : adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Ó MainnÃn ‘descendant of MainnÃn’, probably an assimilated form of MainchÃn, a diminutive of manach ‘monk’. This is the name of a chieftain family in Connacht. It is sometimes pronounced Ó MaingÃn and Anglicized as Mangan.Anstice Manning, widow of Richard Manning of Dartmouth, England, came to MA with her children in 1679. Her great-great-grandson Robert, born at Salem, MA, in 1784, was the uncle and protector of author Nathaniel Hawthorne. Another early bearer of the relatively common British name was Jeffrey Manning, one of the earliest settlers in Piscataway township, Middlesex Co., NJ. His great-grandson James Manning (1738–91) was a founder and the first president of Rhode Island College (Brown University).
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant of Mayhew.Variant of French Mailhot.A William Mayo born in Wiltshire, England, c. 1684 was a surveyor who settled in VA about 1623 and helped survey the VA-NC boundary and found Richmond and Petersburg, VA. [newpara]The Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, was founded by William Worrall Mayo (1819–1911), who immigrated to the U.S. from England, in 1845, and his sons, all gifted and innovative physicians and surgeons.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by a boundary (see Mark 2). It is notable that early examples of the surname tend to occur near borders, for example on the Kent-Sussex boundary.English : possibly an occupational name from an agent derivative of Middle English mark(en) ‘to put a mark on’, although it is not clear what the exact nature of the work of such a ‘marker’ would be.English : relatively late development of Mercer. There is one family in Clitheroe, Lancashire, who spelled their name Mercer or Marcer in the 16th century, but Marker in the 17th.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name from Yiddish marker ‘servant’.German : status name for someone who lived on an area of land that was marked off from the village land or woodland, Middle High German merkære.Danish : from a short form of the Germanic personal name Markward.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metronymic from Megg, a reduced form of the personal name Margaret (see Margeson).Vincent Meggs (c.1583–1658) came to Weymouth, MA, from East Devon, England, in or before 1639.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : habitational name from any of the places so called. In over thirty instances from many different areas, the name is from Old English midel ‘middle’ + tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’. However, Middleton on the Hill near Leominster in Herefordshire appears in Domesday Book as Miceltune, the first element clearly being Old English micel ‘large’, ‘great’. Middleton Baggot and Middleton Priors in Shropshire have early spellings that suggest gem̄ðhyll (from gem̄ð ‘confluence’ + hyll ‘hill’) + tūn as the origin.A Scottish family of this name derives it from lands at Middleto(u)n near Kincardine. The Scottish physician Peter Middleton practiced in New York City after 1752 and was one of the founders of the medical school at King's College (now Columbia University) in 1767. One of the earliest of the Charleston, SC, Middleton family of prominent legislators was Arthur Middleton, born in Charleston in 1681.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Marshburn.Edward Mashburn came from London to Onslow Co., NC, in 1698.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : status name or occupational name from Middle English, Old French maresc(h)al ‘marshal’. The term is of Germanic origin (compare Old High German marah ‘horse’, ‘mare’ + scalc ‘servant’). Originally it denoted a man who looked after horses, but by the heyday of medieval surname formation it denoted on the one hand one of the most important servants in a great household (in the royal household a high official of state, one with military responsibilities), and on the other a humble shoeing smith or farrier. It was also an occupational name for a medieval court officer responsible for the custody of prisoners. An even wider range of meanings is found in some other languages: compare for example Polish Marszałek (see Marszalek). The surname is also borne by Jews, presumably as an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.As the fourth chief justice of the U.S., John Marshall (1755–1835) was the principal architect in consolidating and defining the powers of the Supreme Court. He was a descendant of John Marshall of Ireland, who settled in Culpeper Co., VA, sometime before 1655.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Norman French personal name Mahieu, a variant of Mathieu (see Matthew).Anglicized form of French Mailloux.Thomas Mayhew (1593–1682) came to Medford, MA, from Tisbury, Wiltshire, England, about 1632, and subsequently moved to Watertown, MA. In 1642 he established a settlement on Martha’s Vineyard, with his son Thomas, who was the first English missionary to the Indians of New England.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metronymic from the medieval female personal name Madde, a form of Maud (see Mould 1) or Magdalen (see Maudlin).James Madison (1751–1836), 4th President of the U.S. (1809–17), was born in VA, the son of a planter. He was descended from John Madison, a ship’s carpenter from Gloucester, England, who had settled in VA in about 1653.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained. Probably of Anglo-Norman French origin; it is said to be from a place called Malbanc.Peter Malbone, born in 1633, married Sarah Godfrey in Norfolk Co., VA. The name Mallabone has been in Warwickshire, England, for over 400 years.
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : via Old French from the Germanic personal name Milo, of unknown etymology. The name was introduced to England by the Normans in the form Miles (oblique case Milon). In English documents of the Middle Ages the name sometimes appears in the Latinized form Milo (genitive Milonis), although the normal Middle English form was Mile, so the final -s must usually represent the possessive ending, i.e. ‘son or servant of Mile’.English : patronymic from the medieval personal name Mihel, an Old French contracted form of Michael.English : occupational name for a servant or retainer, from Latin miles ‘soldier’, sometimes used as a technical term in this sense in medieval documents.Irish (County Mayo) : when not the same as 1 or 3, an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Maolmhuire, Myles being used as the English equivalent of the Gaelic personal name Maol Muire (see Mullery).Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) : unexplained.Dutch : variant of Miels, a variant of Miele 3.John Miles or Myles (c.1621–83), born probably in Herefordshire, England, was a pioneer American Baptist minister who emigrated to New England in 1662 and had a pastorate in Swansea, MA. Many of his descendants spell their name Myles.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.John Mifflin (born 1640) came to Delaware from Warminster, Wiltshire, England, in the 1670s. He is probably the same person as the John Mifflin, a Quaker, who built his home, ‘Fountain Green’, in Fairmont Park, Philadelphia, in 1679. His fourth-generation descendant Thomas Mifflin (1744–1800) was a member of the Continental Congress, a revolutionary soldier, and governor of PA.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : occupational name for a stonemason, Middle English, Old French mas(s)on. Compare Machen. Stonemasonry was a hugely important craft in the Middle Ages.Italian (Veneto) : from a short form of Masone.French : from a regional variant of maison ‘house’.George Mason (1725–92), the American colonial statesman who framed the VA Bill of Rights and Constitution, which was used as a model by Thomas Jefferson when drafting the Declaration of Independence, was a VA planter, fourth in descent from George Mason (?1629–?86), a royalist soldier of the English Civil War who had received land grants in VA. As well as being prominent in the affairs of VA, the family also produced the first governor of MI.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Mathew; a variant spelling of Matthews. In the U.S., this form has absorbed some European cognates such as German Matthäus.Among the earliest bearers of the name in North America was Samuel Mathews (c.1600–c.1657), who came to VA from London in about 1618. He established a plantation at the mouth of the Warwick River, which was at first called Mathews Manor; later its name was changed to Denbigh. He was one of the most powerful and influential men in the early affairs of the colony. He (or possibly his son, who bore the same name) was governor of the colony from 1657 until his death in 1660.
CHROMOSOME 16
CHROMOSOME 16
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Pure; Noble Origin
Girl/Female
Indian
Lord Shiva
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Derbyshire, recorded in Domesday Book as Roschintone, possibly ‘estate (Old English tÅ«n) associated with HrÅthsige’, an Old English personal name.English : variant of Rosson.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Resembling
Boy/Male
Muslim
Intelligent
Girl/Female
Tamil
Girl/Female
English Latin
Feminine of Michael, meaning gift from God.
Biblical
there is God;
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Tamil
Srinikesh | à®·à¯à®°à¯€Â நீகேஷÂ
Lord Vishnu
CHROMOSOME 16
CHROMOSOME 16
CHROMOSOME 16
CHROMOSOME 16
CHROMOSOME 16
a.
Of, pertaining to, or designating, certain secret tribunals which flourished in Germany from the end of the 12th century to the middle of the 16th, usurping many of the functions of the government which were too weak to maintain law and order, and inspiring dread in all who came within their jurisdiction.
n.
To plant with inhabitants; to colonize; to people; as, the French first settled Canada; the Puritans settled New England; Plymouth was settled in 1620.
a.
Of or pertaining to Tuscany in Italy; -- specifically designating one of the five orders of architecture recognized and described by the Italian writers of the 16th century, or characteristic of the order. The original of this order was not used by the Greeks, but by the Romans under the Empire. See Order, and Illust. of Capital.
n.
One of a political party which grew up in England in the seventeenth century, in the reigns of Charles I. and II., when great contests existed respecting the royal prerogatives and the rights of the people. Those who supported the king in his high claims were called Tories, and the advocates of popular rights, of parliamentary power over the crown, and of toleration to Dissenters, were, after 1679, called Whigs. The terms Liberal and Radical have now generally superseded Whig in English politics. See the note under Tory.
a.
Of or pertaining to Yezdegerd, the last Sassanian monarch of Persia, who was overthrown by the Mohammedans; as, the Yezdegerdian era, which began on the 16th of June, a. d. 632. The era is still used by the Parsees.
n.
An imaginary belt in the heavens, 16¡ or 18¡ broad, in the middle of which is the ecliptic, or sun's path. It comprises the twelve constellations, which one constituted, and from which were named, the twelve signs of the zodiac.
n.
One of an order of nuns founded by Ursula Benincasa, who died in 1618.
n.
A monk belonging to a branch of the Cistercian Order, which was established by Armand de Rance in 1660 at the monastery of La Trappe in Normandy. Extreme austerity characterizes their discipline. They were introduced permanently into the United States in 1848, and have monasteries in Iowa and Kentucky.
n.
One of a sect of rigid Anabaptists, which originated in 1637, and whose tenets were essentially the same as those of the Mennonists. In addition, however, they held that Judas and the murderers of Christ were saved. So called from the founder of the sect, Ucke Wallis, a native of Friesland.
n.
A piece of DNA, usually circular, functioning as part of the genetic material of a cell, not integrated with the chromosome and replicating independently of the chromosome, but transferred, like the chromosome, to subsequent generations. In bacteria, plasmids often carry the genes for antibiotic resistance; they are exploited in genetic engineering as the vehicles for introduction of extraneous DNA into cells, to alter the genetic makeup of the cell. The cells thus altered may produce desirable proteins which are extracted and used; in the case of genetically altered plant cells, the altered cells may grow into complete plants with changed properties, as for example, increased resistance to disease.
n.
One of the minute bodies into which the chromatin of the nucleus is resolved during mitotic cell division; the idant of Weismann.
n.
A kind of cap worn in the 16th century, and copied in modern fashions; -- called also toquet.
n.
A book composed of sheets each of which is folded into sixteen leaves; hence, indicating, more or less definitely, a size of a book; -- usually written 16mo, or 16¡.
n.
A rare metallic element of which little is known. It is said by Scacchi to have been extracted from a yellowish incrustation from the cracks of a Vesuvian lava erupted in 1631.
n.
A sword or sword blade made at Toledo in Spain, which city was famous in the 16th and 17th centuries for the excellence of its weapons.
a.
Of or pertaining to Torricelli, an Italian philosopher and mathematician, who, in 1643, discovered that the rise of a liquid in a tube, as in the barometer, is due to atmospheric pressure. See Barometer.
n.
A follower of Abdel Wahab (b. 1691; d. 1787), a reformer of Mohammedanism. His doctrines prevail particularly among the Bedouins, and the sect, though checked in its influence, extends to most parts of Arabia, and also into India.
n.
One of an order of nuns founded by St. Angela Merici, at Brescia, in Italy, about the year 1537, and so called from St. Ursula, under whose protection it was placed. The order was introduced into Canada as early as 1639, and into the United States in 1727. The members are devoted entirely to education.
n.
A short-lived political club established in 1659 by J.Harrington to inculcate the democratic doctrine of election of the principal officers of the state by ballot, and the annual retirement of a portion of Parliament.
n.
A tribe of North American Indians who originally occupied the region about Green Bay, Lake Michigan, but were driven back from the lake and nearly exterminated in 1640 by the IIlinnois.