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Mechanisms that contribute to the preservation of the heart
Cardioprotection includes all mechanisms and means that contribute to the preservation of the heart by reducing or even preventing myocardial damage. Cardioprotection
Cardioprotection
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
aspirin, potentially rendering aspirin less effective when used for cardioprotection and stroke prevention". Allowing sufficient time between doses of ibuprofen
Ibuprofen
Opioid analgesic drug used in research
(August 2001). "BW373U86, a δ Opioid Agonist, Partially Mediates Delayed Cardioprotection via a Free Radical Mechanism that is Independent of Opioid Receptor
BW373U86
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PKCε is clinically significant in that it is a central player in cardioprotection against ischemic injury and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy
PRKCE
Chemical element with atomic number 54 (Xe)
original source, without environmental impact. Xenon induces robust cardioprotection and neuroprotection through a variety of mechanisms. Through its influence
Xenon
Chemical compound
doxorubicin or > 540 mg/m2 epirubicin and general approval for use for cardioprotection. That showed a possibly higher rate of secondary malignancies and acute
Dexrazoxane
Class of four receptor proteins to the molecule adenosine
PMC 2423946. PMID 18537674. Peart JN, Headrick JP (May 2007). "Adenosinergic cardioprotection: multiple receptors, multiple pathways". Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Adenosine_receptor
Chemical compound
U, Stekovic S, Pendl T, Harger A, Schipke J, Zimmermann A (2016). "Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine". Nature
Spermidine
Hormone released by the pineal gland
red wine a SAFE sip away from cardioprotection? Mechanisms involved in resveratrol- and melatonin-induced cardioprotection". Journal of Pineal Research
Melatonin
Chemical compound
NeuroVive's formulation of ciclosporin called Neurostat (also known by its cardioprotection brand name of Ciclomulsion). This formulation uses a lipid emulsion
Ciclosporin
Chemical compound
Penumathsa SV, Paul D, Maulik N (2008). "Akt/FOXO3a/SIRT1-Mediated Cardioprotection by n-Tyrosol against Ischemic Stress in Rat in Vivo Model of Myocardial
Tyrosol
peptide-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor co-agonists for cardioprotection, type 2 diabetes and obesity: a review of mechanisms and clinical data"
VK2735
Tissue damage after return of blood supply following ischemia or hypoxia
PMID 14767591. S2CID 5733761. Heusch, Gerd (2015-02-13). "Molecular Basis of Cardioprotection Signal Transduction in Ischemic Pre-, Post-, and Remote Conditioning"
Reperfusion_injury
Chemical compound
S (September 2008). "Low-dose sevoflurane inhalation enhances late cardioprotection from the anti-ulcer drug geranylgeranylacetone". Anesth. Analg. 107
Teprenone
Enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism
(September 2007). "The role of existing and novel cardiac biomarkers for cardioprotection". Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs. 8 (9): 711–717. PMID 17729182
Aspartate_transaminase
Deterioration of function with age
O'Keefe JH, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lavie CJ (1 May 2018). "Coffee for Cardioprotection and Longevity". Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 61 (1): 38–42
Senescence
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
are implicated in angiogenesis, pulmonary hypertension, cancer, and cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. They exhibit an intracellular vesicular
CLIC4
Genus of fungi
activity (reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity), neuroprotection, cardioprotection, anti-inflammation, hyperlipidemia, anti-diabetic medication, antimicrobial
Sparassis
Emulsion of fat for human intravenous use
potential cardioprotective agent Lou et al. (2014) found that the cardioprotection aspect of Intralipid is initiated by the accumulation of acylcarnitines
Lipid_emulsion
Mitochondria-derived microprotein discovered in 2022
Humanin and SHMOOSE; potential role of the Humanin–Nox2 interaction in cardioprotection". Frontiers in Nutrition. 12 1727012. Frontiers Media SA. doi:10.3389/fnut
SHMOOSE
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens, named for ketazocine
See Hoe LE, Du Toit EF, Peart JN (April 2015). "Opioid receptors and cardioprotection - 'opioidergic conditioning' of the heart". British Journal of Pharmacology
Κ-opioid_receptor
Protein-coding gene in humans
cardioprotective effects. In addition, SOD1 has been implicated in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, such as during ischemic preconditioning
SOD1
Component of blood aiding in coagulation
"Role of CD39 (NTPDase-1) in thromboregulation, cerebroprotection, and cardioprotection". Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 31 (2): 234–246. doi:10.1055/s-2005-869528
Platelet
Chemical compound
"Mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels: novel effectors of cardioprotection?". Circulation. 97 (24): 2463–2469. doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.24.2463.
Nicorandil
Various systems to schedule meals
"Effect of Alternate-Day Fasting on Weight Loss, Weight Maintenance, and Cardioprotection Among Metabolically Healthy Obese Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial"
Intermittent_fasting
Dietary regime
Carter CS, Leeuwenburgh C (November 2009). "Cellular mechanisms of cardioprotection by calorie restriction: state of the science and future perspectives"
Calorie_restriction
Pentacyclic chemical compound found in fruits
atrophy and to stimulate muscular growth in mice, also shows a potential cardioprotection. In mice, ursolic acid induces neural regeneration after sciatic nerve
Ursolic_acid
Class of medication
"SGLT-2 Inhibitors in NAFLD: Expanding Their Role beyond Diabetes and Cardioprotection". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23 (6): 3107. doi:10
SGLT2_inhibitor
Vaccine against influenza
JA (January 13, 2022). "Universal flu vaccines: a shot at lifelong cardioprotection?". Nature Reviews Cardiology. 19 (3): 145–146. doi:10.1038/s41569-021-00670-w
Influenza_vaccine
German physician, physiologist, and professor
2020, his long-term collaborator Petra Kleinbongard is professor for cardioprotection at the University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School since 2020. Heusch
Gerd_Heusch
Chemistry of wine
red wine a SAFE sip away from cardioprotection? Mechanisms involved in resveratrol- and melatonin-induced cardioprotection". Journal of Pineal Research
Wine_chemistry
Topics referred to by the same term
California, U.S. Berkeley Test, saliva nitric test for assessing cardioprotection Berkeley Racing Canoe Center, a non-profit organization promoting dragon
Berkeley
biosynthesis, induces an increase in gamma-butyrobetaine contents and cardioprotection in isolated rat heart infarction". J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 48 (6):
Fatty acid oxidation inhibitors
Fatty_acid_oxidation_inhibitors
Opioid receptor
the rat model, introduction of DOR ligands results in significant cardioprotection. Until comparatively recently, there were few pharmacological tools
Δ-opioid_receptor
Autophagic process in which mitochondria are delivered to the vacuole and degraded
Christopher; Gross, Angelina S.; Herbst, Viktoria (December 2016). "Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine". Nature
Mitophagy
Enzyme
cardioprotective effects. In addition, SOD2 has been implicated in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, such as during ischemic preconditioning
SOD2
Regulation of the consumption of food
alternate-day fasting: a novel dietary strategy for weight loss and cardioprotection in obese adults". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 90 (5):
Dieting
Chemical compound
Elberry AA, Ghareib SA, Azhar A, Banjar ZM, Watson ML (September 2016). "Cardioprotection by 6-gingerol in diabetic rats". Biochemical and Biophysical Research
Gingerol
Species of bacterium
there are some benefits to hydrogen sulfide production in the gut like cardioprotection, hydrogen sulfide production also contributes to disease pathology
Bilophila_wadsworthia
American oncologist
mitochondria and mitochondrial biogenesis as essential elements of cardioprotection; efficient removal of damaged mitochondria is important for limiting
Roberta_Gottlieb
Protein complex
troponins as biomarkers of drug- and toxin-induced cardiac toxicity and cardioprotection". Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 1 (4): 715–25. doi:10.1517/17425255
Troponin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Mulvey JF, Sauchanka O, et al. (2022-09-02). "Ischemia-Selective Cardioprotection by Malonate for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury". Circulation Research
ACSF3
Cardiac network of neurons and ganglia
Influences AV node and Purkinje fiber activity for coordinated contraction. Cardioprotection: Responds to ischemia or stress by altering cardiac output. The ICNS
Intrinsic cardiac nervous system
Intrinsic_cardiac_nervous_system
peptide-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor co-agonists for cardioprotection, type 2 diabetes and obesity: a review of mechanisms and clinical data"
HRS9531
red wine a SAFE sip away from cardioprotection? Mechanisms involved in resveratrol- and melatonin-induced cardioprotection". J. Pineal Res. 50 (4): 374–80
Survival activating factor enhancement
Survival_activating_factor_enhancement
American oncologist
E. Velez-Garcia, M. S. Ewer, J. R. Bianchine & R. A. Gams (1997). "Cardioprotection with dexrazoxane for doxorubicin-containing therapy in advanced breast
Sandra_M._Swain
Chemical compound
Grenz A, Köhler D, Mittelbronn M, Ledent C, et al. (March 2007). "Cardioprotection by ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) and A2B adenosine receptors". Circulation
BAY_60–6583
Medication for lowering blood pressure
Guanosine Monophosphate Signaling and Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors in Cardioprotection". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 59 (22): 1921–1927
Sodium_nitroprusside
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
response as a potential therapeutic target for post-myocardial infarction cardioprotection. IRF3 has been shown to interact with IRF7. GRCh38: Ensembl release
IRF3
Canadian medical researcher
Chrétien’s group is associated with markedly low LDL cholesterol and cardioprotection, work that helped validate PCSK9 as a therapeutic target. Chrétien’s
Michel_Chrétien
Unger, Evan C.; Martin, Diego R. (March 2019). "Imaging assessment of cardioprotection mediated by a dodecafluoropentane oxygen-carrier administered during
Perfluorocarbon_emulsions
Protein found in mammals
PER2 in turn enhances oxygen-efficient glycolysis and hence provides cardioprotection from ischemia. Therefore, it is speculated that strong light may reduce
PER2
Chemical compound
Tabor C, Black D, Ederveen A, Gray GA (2008). "Oestrogen-mediated cardioprotection following ischaemia and reperfusion is mimicked by an oestrogen receptor
ERA-45
Rare metabolic disease
Murphy, Michael P.; Krieg, Thomas (2022-09-02). "Ischemia-Selective Cardioprotection by Malonate for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury". Circulation Research
Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria
Combined_malonic_and_methylmalonic_aciduria
Chemical compound
Fryer RM, Hsu AK, Nagase H, Gross GJ (August 2000). "Opioid-induced cardioprotection against myocardial infarction and arrhythmias: mitochondrial versus
TAN-67
Class of enzymes
(2018-03-08). "Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and the heart: compound cardioprotection?". Heart. 104 (15): 1244–1250. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312865. ISSN 1355-6037
Phosphodiesterase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and response to maximum heart rate during exercise, evident for the cardioprotection related to this polymorphism. Because ADRB-1 plays such a critical
Beta-1_adrenergic_receptor
Pharmaceutical compound
"An adenosinergic positive feedback loop extends pharmacological cardioprotection duration". British Journal of Pharmacology. 181 (23): 4920–4936. doi:10
ABT-702
Protein family
PMID 21853411. G.C, Fan; G, Chu; EG, Kranies (May 2005). "Hsp20 and its cardioprotection". Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 15 (4): 138–41. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2005.05
Hsp20
Biological processes used in gene regulation
Stanmore DA, Backs J (May 2014). "Histone deacetylase signaling in cardioprotection". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 71 (9): 1673–90. doi:10
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone_acetylation_and_deacetylation
Mammalian protein found in humans
(March 2018). "Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and the heart: compound cardioprotection?". Heart. 104 (15). British Cardiac Society: 1244–1250. doi:10
CGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5
CGMP-specific_phosphodiesterase_type_5
Endrocrinologist
S, Pendl T, Harger A, Schipke J, Zimmermann A, Schmidt A, Tong M. Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine. Nature
Thomas_Pieber
Family of transient receptor potential cation channels in animals
(NYR-BI03) – a selective TRPC3/6/7 inhibitor – is under development for cardioprotection (protecting heart tissue after myocardial infarction) and neuroprotection
TRPC
Potassium channel
ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel, known to play a critical role in cardioprotection against ischemic-reperfusion injury in the heart as well as in the
ROMK
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
complex with heat shock proteins. Thus, cyclophilins may function in cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Currently, PPIA expression is highly
Peptidylprolyl_isomerase_A
Chemical compound
Bhushan, Shashi; Lefer, David J (2011). "Hydrogen sulfide-mediated cardioprotection: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential". Clinical Science. 120 (6):
Diallyl_trisulfide
Fibrous tissue in the heart
"Cardiotoxicity of Anticancer Drugs: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies for Cardioprotection". Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 9 847012. doi:10.3389/fcvm
Myocardial_scarring
Class of proteins produced by muscle
reductions in insulin sensitivity [200,227,228]. Females achieve superior cardioprotection and all-cause mortality reduction through moderate-intensity regimens
Myokine
Chemical compound
PMID 8593444. Jiang WL, Fu FH, Xu BM, Tian JW, Zhu HB (July 2010). "Cardioprotection with forsythoside B in rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury:
Forsythoside_B
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
channels. In the injured heart, HGF/MET axis plays important roles in cardioprotection by promoting pro-survival (anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic) effects
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor
Hepatocyte_growth_factor_receptor
Family of transport proteins
5-hydroxydecanoic acid ("5-HD") or MCC-134 completely inhibits the cardioprotection afforded by IPC, and genetic knockout of sarcKATP genes in mice has
ATP-sensitive potassium channel
ATP-sensitive_potassium_channel
Chemical compound
, & Marban, E. (2000). The role of mitochondrial KATP channels in cardioprotection. Bas Res Cardiol 95, 285−289 Bohn, H., Englert, H. C., & Schoelkens
HMR_1883
Hypothetical anti-aging dietary supplement or drug candidate
Tobias; Harger, Alexandra; Schipke, Julia; Zimmermann, Andreas (2016). "Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine". Nature
Caloric_restriction_mimetic
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
complex with heat shock proteins. Thus, cyclophilins may function in cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Currently, cyclophilin expression
PPIE_(gene)
Class of enzymes
Cvetković RS, Scott LJ (2005). "Dexrazoxane: a review of its use for cardioprotection during anthracycline chemotherapy". Drugs. 65 (7): 1005–1024. doi:10
Topoisomerase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
regulate cardiac ankyrin-B levels, and ankyrin-B is required for normal cardioprotection following ischemia reperfusion injury. ITPR1 HDJ1/HSP40 SPTBN1 OBSCN
Ankyrin-2
Mammalian protein found in humans
during ischemic stress". HIF-1α in the Heart: Provision of Ischemic Cardioprotection and Remodeling of Nucleotide Metabolism (PDF) (PhD). Electronic Theses
Adenosine_deaminase
Experimental medical procedure
1161/STROKEAHA.123.043279. Heusch, Gerd (2015-02-13). "Molecular Basis of Cardioprotection Signal Transduction in Ischemic Pre-, Post-, and Remote Conditioning"
Remote_ischemic_conditioning
Protein pore formed in mitochondria under pathological conditions
permeability transition pore: molecular nature and role as a target in cardioprotection". Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 78: 100–106. doi:10
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
Mitochondrial_permeability_transition_pore
American biochemist and academic
DeAntonio, J. H., Thayne, K., Ding, J. M., & Lust, R. M. (2013). Cardioprotection via preserved mitochondrial structure and function in the mPer2-mutant
Tracy_L._Johnson
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
complex with heat shock proteins. Thus, cyclophilins may function in cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. PPIB contributes to the replication
PPIB
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
complex with heat shock proteins. Thus, cyclophilins may function in cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Currently, cyclophilin expression
Peptidylprolyl_isomerase_D
Metabolic disorder leading to muscle dysfunction
Skalova, K; Luptak, I; Turcani, M; Hulin, I (2002). "Adenosine and cardioprotection: what can we learn from nature's genetic polymorphism?" (PDF). Bratislavske
Adenosine monophosphate deaminase deficiency type 1
Adenosine_monophosphate_deaminase_deficiency_type_1
Israeli chemist
1-Benzyl-5-methyl-4-(n-octylamino)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one Exhibited Efficient Cardioprotection in a Myocardial Ischemia (MI) Mouse Model". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
Hanoch_Senderowitz
differentiation. The intracrine actions of VEGF have been implicated in cardioprotection, particularly in response to ischemic stress. Cardiac myocytes exposed
Intracrine_signaling
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 18579210. Fan GC, Chu G, Kranias EG (May 2005). "Hsp20 and its cardioprotection". Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 15 (4): 138–41. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2005.05
HSPB6
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain is required for cardioprotection in response to biomechanical and ischemic stress". Circulation. 113
NOL3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
remove "unwanted" cells. In addition, VDAC3 has been implicated in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, such as during ischemic preconditioning
VDAC3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
remove "unwanted" cells. The VDAC2 protein has been implicated in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, such as during ischemic preconditioning
VDAC2
Class of enzymes
biosynthesis, induces an increase in gamma-butyrobetaine contents and cardioprotection in isolated rat heart infarction". Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent_hydroxylases
Experimental medical technique
Mangner, Norman; Linke, Axel; Erbs, Sandra; Lurz, Phillip (2015-11-21). "Cardioprotection by combined intrahospital remote ischaemic perconditioning and postconditioning
Ischemic_preconditioning
Biological communication between cells involving purine nucleosides and their receptors
McIntosh VJ, Lasley RD (March 2012). "Adenosine receptor-mediated cardioprotection: are all 4 subtypes required or redundant?". Journal of Cardiovascular
Purinergic_signalling
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
complex with heat shock proteins. Thus, cyclophilins may function in cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Similarly, PPIC may confer neuroprotection
PPIC
Family of protein kinases
137026 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 Polymorphism associated with cardioprotection GRK5 600870 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 Knockout mice are supersensitive
G protein-coupled receptor kinase
G_protein-coupled_receptor_kinase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
complex with heat shock proteins. Thus, cyclophilins may function in cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Currently, cyclophilin expression
PPIF
Protein-coding gene in humans
profoundly involved in the generation of cardiac hypertrophy or in cardioprotection from cytotoxic stress in the adult heart. The NKX2-5 transcription
Homeobox_protein_Nkx-2.5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
biosynthesis, induces an increase in gamma-butyrobetaine contents and cardioprotection in isolated rat heart infarction". Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase
Gamma-butyrobetaine_dioxygenase
Cell surface receptor found in humans
1998). "A physiological role of the adenosine A3 receptor: sustained cardioprotection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
Adenosine_A3_receptor
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
at a distance: Involvement of endothelial vasoactive substances in cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury". Life Sciences. 151: 250–8. doi:10
Thromboxane_receptor
Class of fatty acids
Isbell MA, Falck JR, Gross GJ (Aug 2006). "Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in cardioprotection: ischemic versus reperfusion injury". American Journal of Physiology
Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid
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