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Biological communication between cells involving purine nucleosides and their receptors
Purinergic signalling (or signaling: see American and British English differences) is a form of extracellular signalling mediated by purine nucleotides
Purinergic_signalling
Family of cell membrane receptors in almost all tissues
are found in almost all mammalian tissues. Within the field of purinergic signalling, these receptors have been implicated in learning and memory, locomotor
Purinergic_receptor
Academic journal
Purinergic Signalling is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on purinergic signalling. It is published by Springer Science+Business
Purinergic Signalling (journal)
Purinergic_Signalling_(journal)
Energy-carrying molecule in living cells
secrete ATP to communicate with other cells in a process called purinergic signalling. ATP serves as a neurotransmitter in many parts of the nervous system
Adenosine_triphosphate
British-Australian neuroscientist
of the UCL Medical School. He is best known for coining the term purinergic signalling, which he discovered in the 1970s. He retired in October 2017 at
Geoffrey_Burnstock
Chemical compound
GMP GDP GTP Hypoxanthine Inosine IMP IDP ITP Ribose Uracil Uridine UMP UDP UTP Others: Chrysophanol (rhubarb) See also: Receptor/signaling modulators
Adenosine_diphosphate
Structure that regulates function of each nephron
Louise C.; Bailey, Matthew A. (2014). "Purinergic signalling in the kidney in health and disease". Purinergic Signalling. 10 (1): 71–101. doi:10.1007/s11302-013-9400-5
Juxtaglomerular_apparatus
nucleosides. The contribution of ectonucleotidases in the modulation of purinergic signaling depends on the availability and preference of substrates and on cell
Ectonucleotidase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
membrane trafficking responses and non-classical secretion pathways". Purinergic Signalling. 5 (2): 163–173. doi:10.1007/s11302-009-9132-8. PMC 2686822. PMID 19189228
P2RX7
Subclass of purinergic P2 receptors
P2Y receptors are a family of purinergic G protein-coupled receptors, stimulated by nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate,
P2Y_receptor
Class of enzymes
"Creatine Extracellular creatine kinase may modulate purinergic signalling". Purinergic Signalling. 16 (3): 305–312. doi:10.1007/s11302-020-09707-0. PMC 7524943
Creatine_kinase
Primary cell of the nervous system
receptors. ATP is, however, best known as a cotransmitter. Such purinergic signaling can also be mediated by other purines like adenosine, which particularly
Neuron
Negative feedback mechanism regulating the glomerular filtration rate
regulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). It involves the concept of purinergic signaling, in which an increased distal tubular sodium chloride concentration
Tubuloglomerular_feedback
Series of chemical reactions resulting in a cell response
of purinergic receptors, P1 binding to adenosine, and P2 binding to ATP or ADP, presenting different signalling cascades. The Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway
Biochemical_cascade
Class of four receptor proteins to the molecule adenosine
The adenosine receptors (or P1 receptors) are a class of purinergic G protein-coupled receptors with adenosine as the endogenous ligand. There are four
Adenosine_receptor
Purinergic receptor
stress) to downstream signalling and ultimately gene expression, which is thought to aid in plant survival. In contrast to animal purinergic receptors (which
DORN1
Group of ion channel proteins
PMID 22349510. Burnstock G (2013). "Introduction to Purinergic Signalling in the Brain". Glioma Signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology.
P2X_purinoreceptor
molecular mechanisms. These findings indicate a role for astroglial purinergic signaling axis for norepinephrine (NE) "mediated behavioral and brain state
Tripartite_synapse
by P2 receptors. Almost every cell type expresses P2 receptors. Purinergic signalling also has a pathophysiological role in several immune cells including
P2_receptor
Neuron communication by electric impulses
PMID 16994886. Zalc B (2006). "The Acquisition of Myelin: A Success Story". Purinergic Signalling in Neuron–Glia Interactions. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 276
Action_potential
Glial cell located throughout the brain and spinal cord
local conditions and chemical signals they have detected. It has also been shown, that tissue-injury related ATP signalling plays a crucial role in the
Microglia
Mammalian protein found in humans
Structure function relationships and pathophysiological significance". Purinergic Signalling. 2 (2): 409–30. doi:10.1007/s11302-006-9003-5. PMC 2254478. PMID 18404480
ENTPD1
System of communication
Cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the biological process by which a cell interacts with itself, with other cells, and with the environment
Cell_signaling
Class of enzymes
"The GDA1_CD39 superfamily: NTPDases with diverse functions". Purinergic Signalling. 7 (1): 21–45. doi:10.1007/s11302-010-9214-7. PMC 3083126. PMID 21484095
ATPase
British geneticist, consultant
undergraduate medical degree). Her doctoral research considered purinergic signalling in skeletal muscle development. Ryten worked as a junior doctor
Mina_Ryten
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
Bononi A, et al. (September 2012). "ATP synthesis and storage". Purinergic Signalling. 8 (3): 343–57. doi:10.1007/s11302-012-9305-8. PMC 3360099. PMID 22528680
Metabolism
Enzyme which catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from a molecule
"Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases". Purinergic Signalling. 8 (3): 437–502. doi:10.1007/s11302-012-9309-4. ISSN 1573-9538.
Phosphatase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
same isoform have been identified for this gene. In the field of purinergic signaling, the P2Y12 protein on the periphery is found mainly but not exclusively
P2Y12
Movement of an organism or entity in response to a chemical stimulus
the ciliates Tetrahymena and Paramecium to external ATP and GTP". Purinergic Signalling. 1 (2) 101: 101–10. doi:10.1007/s11302-005-6213-1. PMC 2096533.
Chemotaxis
Australian neuroscientist (born 1939)
2008). "Purinergic junctional transmission and propagation of calcium waves in cultured spinal cord microglial networks". Purinergic Signalling. 4 (1):
Max_Bennett_(scientist)
Chemical compound
mechanism independent of effects on PI-3 kinase or casein kinase II". Purinergic Signalling. 1 (4) 389: 389–394. doi:10.1007/s11302-005-0778-6. PMC 2096559
LY294002
Protein family
early stages of innate immunity through an interaction with the P2X7 purinergic receptor. Activation of the pannexin channel through binding of ATP to
Pannexin
"Gliotransmission at central glutamatergic synapses: D-serine on stage". Purinergic Signalling. 1: 211–217. Zhang, Q.; Haydon, P.G. (2005). "Roles for gliotransmission
Gliotransmitter
Physiologic phenomenon
synergistic processes including hormonal feedback, paracrine and purinergic signaling, the WNK system, and transporter regulation. Some have specifically
Aldosterone_escape
Neuroscientist and award-winning author
of ATP release in pain: role of pannexin and connexin channels". Purinergic Signalling. 17 (4): 549–561. doi:10.1007/s11302-021-09822-6. PMC 8677853. PMID 34792743
Theanne_Griffith
process of purinergic signalling. They release adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which activate purinergic receptors. On the other hand, purinergic receptor
Membrane_channel
Adjustment within a biological system
Zhi-Ren Zhang (2009). "ATP as a mediator of macula densa cell signalling". Purinergic Signalling. 5 (4): 461–471. doi:10.1007/s11302-009-9148-0. ISSN 1573-9538
Autoregulation
Ukrainian professor and researcher
ISBN 978-0-470-97852-8. Burnstock, Geoffrey; Verkhratsky, Alexei (2012). Purinergic Signalling in the Nervous System. Springer Verlag. p. 715. ISBN 978-3-642-28863-0
Alexei_Verkhratsky
Homodimeric protein enzyme
relatedness to other members of a large superfamily of enzymes". Purinergic Signalling. 2 (2): 335–341. doi:10.1007/s11302-005-5435-6. PMC 2254479. PMID 18404473
Alkaline_phosphatase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
triphosphates (UTP, GTP, and CTP) to nucleoside monophosphates as part of a purinergic signaling pathway. It contains two transmembrane domains at the N- and C-termini
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 7
Ectonucleoside_triphosphate_diphosphohydrolase_7
Biotechnology company
2009). "Prostatic acid phosphatase, a neglected ectonucleotidase". Purinergic Signalling. 5 (3): 273–5. doi:10.1007/s11302-009-9157-z. PMC 2717315. PMID 19322680
Dendreon
German neuroscientist (born 1944)
"Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases". Purinergic Signal. 8 (3): 437–502. doi:10.1007/s11302-012-9309-4. PMC 3360096. PMID 22555564
Herbert Zimmermann (neuroscientist)
Herbert_Zimmermann_(neuroscientist)
Pregnancy prevention methods used by men
DM (December 2022). "The P2X1 receptor as a therapeutic target". Purinergic Signalling. 18 (4): 421–433. doi:10.1007/s11302-022-09880-4. PMC 9832217. PMID 35821454
Male_contraceptive
Chemical compound
Burnstock G, Di Virgilio F (December 2013). "Purinergic signalling and cancer". Purinergic Signalling. 9 (4): 491–540. doi:10.1007/s11302-013-9372-5
Chrysophanol
Class of enzymes
pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family focusing on NPP1 in calcification". Purinergic Signalling. 2 (2): 371–377. doi:10.1007/s11302-005-5304-3. ISSN 1573-9538.
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase
Nucleotide_pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase
identifies as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), originating the term 'purinergic signalling'. October 1 – The first publication reporting the production of
1972_in_science
Chemical compound
antagonist istradefylline for treatment of Parkinson's disease". Purinergic Signalling. 16 (2): 167–174. doi:10.1007/s11302-020-09694-2. PMC 7367999. PMID 32236790
Istradefylline
Organic chemist
dinucleotides: Potent and selective agonists of P2Y receptors". Purinergic Signalling. 1 (2): 183–191. doi:10.1007/s11302-005-0648-2. ISSN 1573-9546.
Janet_Rideout
Academic department in the UK
Herbert (2020-07-02). "Professor Dr. Geoffrey Burnstock (1929–2020)". Purinergic Signalling. 16 (2): 137–149. doi:10.1007/s11302-020-09709-y. PMC 7367975. "The
Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford
Department_of_Pharmacology,_University_of_Oxford
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
properties of P2X receptors--recent progress and persisting challenges". Purinergic Signalling. 8 (3): 375–417. doi:10.1007/s11302-012-9314-7. PMC 3360091. PMID 22547202
P2RX4
Chemical reactions and pathways involving lysis of purine nucleotides
also require exogenous purines for growth. Purine nucleotide cycle Purinergic signaling Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) Antle VD, Liu D, McKellar
Purine_metabolism
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 26506265. Burnstock G (May 2016). "An introduction to the roles of purinergic signalling in neurodegeneration, neuroprotection and neuroregeneration". Neuropharmacology
GPR17
Medical diagnostic method
Hechler, B; Gachet, C (1988). "P2 receptors and platelet function". Purinergic Signalling. 27 (2011 September, 7(3)): 293–303. doi:10.1007/s11302-011-9247-6
Multiple electrode aggregometry
Multiple_electrode_aggregometry
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
surface-located ATP synthase, which would allow extracellular thymosin to signal via a purinergic receptor. Some of the multiple activities of thymosin β4 unrelated
Thymosin_beta-4
British-born biochemist
the family of proteins that is important in cellular homeostasis, purinergic signaling and the clinical important uptake of drugs involved in cancer, viral
Imogen_Coe
Group of neurons in medulla of brain
Histological staining by another research group examined the distribution of purinergic receptor subtypes throughout the RVM. P1, P2X1, and P2X3 all showed moderate
Rostral_ventromedial_medulla
Anti-parasite medication
1017/S0031182007002600. PMID 17428352. S2CID 22482704. Silva CL (October 2016). "Purinergic signaling in schistosomal infection". Biomedical Journal. 39 (5): 316–325.
Praziquantel
metabolism, the K+ spatial buffering pathway, and neuron innervation; and the purinergic receptors found in the Hensen's cells are important in providing a suitable
Hensen's_cell
through the purinergic signaling mechanisms. Moreover, microglia also release of proinflammatory molecules through the stimulation of purinergic receptors
Role_of_microglia_in_disease
InterPro Family
human ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73): insights into the regulation of purinergic signaling". Structure. 20 (12): 2161–73. doi:10.1016/j.str.2012.10.001. PMID 23142347
5'-nucleotidase
Chemical compound
also possesses a distinct anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism by inhibiting purinergic P2X4 receptor (P2X4R). The primary mechanism of action for DHCB's analgesic
Dehydrocorybulbine
Type of brain cell
J, Revilla-Sanchez R, Sul JY, et al. (October 2005). "Astrocytic purinergic signaling coordinates synaptic networks". Science. 310 (5745): 113–16. Bibcode:2005Sci
Astrocyte
Transport protein that transports nucleosides across cell membranes
Part of a series on Purinergic signalling Simplified illustration of extracellular purinergic signalling Concepts Purinergic signalling Receptors Pannexins
Nucleoside_transporter
Protein hexamer that forms the pore of gap junctions between cells
currently understood that this mechanism involves purinergic signaling (form of extracellular signaling mediated by purine nucleotides and nucleosides such
Connexon
Class of enzymes
"Cellular function and molecular structure of ecto-nucleotidases". Purinergic Signalling. 8 (3): 437–502. doi:10.1007/s11302-012-9309-4. PMC 3360096. PMID 22555564
Nucleotidase
Lithuanian neuroscientist (b. 1983)
Neher JJ, Neniskyte U, Hornik T, Brown GC. Inhibition of UDP/P2Y6 purinergic signaling prevents phagocytosis of viable neurons by activated microglia in
Urtė_Neniškytė
Chemical compound
improvements in the development of A(2B) adenosine receptor agonists". Purinergic Signalling. 4 (4): 287–303. doi:10.1007/s11302-008-9097-z. PMC 2583210. PMID 18443746
BAY_60–6583
Pharmaceutical compound
enhancer LUF6000 at the native A3 adenosine receptor in HL-60 cells". Purinergic Signalling. 20 (5): 559–570. doi:10.1007/s11302-024-09992-z. PMC 11377395.
LUF6000
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
receptors: GPR80/99 and GPR91 are receptors of dicarboxylic acids". Purinergic Signalling. 1 (1): 17–20. doi:10.1007/s11302-004-5071-6. PMC 2096567. PMID 18404396
OXGR1
G protein-coupled receptor
new G protein-coupled adenine receptors in mouse and hamster". Purinergic Signalling. 9 (3). Springer Nature: 415–426. doi:10.1007/s11302-013-9360-9
GPR35
of the UCL Medical School. He is best known for coining the term purinergic signaling, which he discovered in the 1970s. He played a key role in the discovery
List of atheists in science and technology
List_of_atheists_in_science_and_technology
Family of proteins
InterPro: IPR002286 Purinergic receptor P2Y1 (P2RY1) Purinergic receptor P2Y2 (P2RY2) Purinergic receptor P2Y4 (P2RY4) Purinergic receptor P2Y6 (P2RY6) Purinergic receptor
Rhodopsin-like_receptors
an academic, author and mentor, through pioneering research into purinergic signalling pathways in mammalian systems, and through medical research. The
2018 Queen's Birthday Honours (Australia)
2018_Queen's_Birthday_Honours_(Australia)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1016/S0014-5793(97)01380-X. PMID 9414125. S2CID 42070561. "Entrez Gene: P2RX5 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 5". North RA (2002). "Molecular
P2RX5
Class of cell surface receptors coupled to G-protein-associated intracellular signaling
sub-classes, often Gαq/11. The above descriptions ignore the effects of Gβγ–signalling, which can also be important, in particular in the case of activated Gαi/o-coupled
G_protein-coupled_receptor
Portion of a brain cell containing its nucleus
"Microglia monitor and protect neuronal function through specialized somatic purinergic junctions" (PDF). Science. 367 (6477): 528–537. Bibcode:2020Sci...367
Soma_(biology)
Class of ligand activated receptors localized in surface of plama cell membrane
topology Neuromodulators Second messenger Signalling lymphocyte activation molecule family "9.3: Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors - Types of
Cell_surface_receptor
Class of G protein-coupled receptors
control, as well as modulation of neuroendocrine signalling. Abnormal dopamine receptor signalling and dopaminergic nerve function is implicated in several
Dopamine_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
783–8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.0139. PMID 8579591. "Entrez Gene: P2RY1 purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 1". Janssens R, Communi D, Pirotton S
P2RY1
Biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be sent
without synaptic vesicles: Purinergic neurotransmission through a CALHM1 channel-mitochondrial signaling complex". Science Signaling. 11 (529) eaao1815. doi:10
Chemical_synapse
Group of receptors to cannabinoid compounds
CB2 displays a complex signalling profile, activating adenylate cyclase via stimulatory Gαs alongside the classical Gαi signalling, and induces ERK, p38
Cannabinoid_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Greig AV, Linge C, Terenghi G, et al. (2003). "Purinergic receptors are part of a functional signaling system for proliferation and differentiation of
P2RY2
Integral membrane protein G protein-coupled receptor
its parent cell (acting as an autocrine signalling molecule) or on nearby cells (acting as a paracrine signalling molecule) to trigger functional responses
Eicosanoid_receptor
Impulse transmission between neurons
sympatho-inhibitory action. Thus cannabinoids can inhibit both the noradrenergic and purinergic components of sympathetic neurotransmission. One unusual pair of co-transmitters
Neurotransmission
Cell surface receptors
Signaling peptide receptor is a type of receptor which binds one or more signaling peptides or signaling proteins. An example is the tropomyosin receptor
Signaling_peptide_receptor
Subtype of Dopamine Receptor
dopamine receptor subtypes, making it a key regulator of tonic dopamine signaling. D3 receptors are primarily expressed in limbic brain regions such as
Dopamine_receptor_D3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Entrez Gene: P2RY11 purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 11". van der Weyden L, Conigrave AD, Morris MB (2000). "Signal transduction and white
P2RY11
Mammalian protein found in humans
Arora P, Ricks TK, Trejo J (March 2007). "Protease-activated receptor signalling, endocytic sorting and dysregulation in cancer". Journal of Cell Science
Proteinase-activated receptor 1
Proteinase-activated_receptor_1
Shock caused by a sudden change in the solute concentration around a cell
is correlated with extracellular ATP release. ATP is used to activate purinergic receptors. These receptors regulate sodium and potassium levels on either
Osmotic_shock
Heterocyclic aromatic organic compound
synthesis. They may also function directly as neurotransmitters, acting upon purinergic receptors. Adenosine activates adenosine receptors. The word purine (pure
Purine
Class of 33 human protein receptors
receptors and their signalling pathways have not been identified. Research groups are working to elucidate the downstream signaling molecules utilizing
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor
Adhesion_G_protein-coupled_receptor
Neuron membrane protein
stimulus. The signalling cascade induced by metabotropic receptor activation means that even a relatively brief or small synaptic signal can have large
Glutamate_receptor
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
"Microglia monitor and protect neuronal function through specialized somatic purinergic junctions" (PDF). Science. 367 (6477): 528–537. Bibcode:2020Sci...367
Mitochondria
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
activation in response to Gαs signalling. In the case of GsPCR mediated hypertrophy, the main mechanism by which signalling contributes to hypertrophy is
RGS2
Receptor activated by peptide hormone GLP-1
in Class B GPCRs modulate activation, effector specificity and biased signalling in the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor". Biochemical Pharmacology. 118:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
Glucagon-like_peptide-1_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(BLU-5937) Gefapixant Opiranserin Quercetin PSFL2915 P2X purinoreceptor Purinergic receptor Ligand-gated ion channel Nociceptor GRCh38: Ensembl release 89:
P2RX3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
K, Bernhard MK, Breitinger HG, Ogilvie A (June 2000). "Expression of purinergic receptors (ionotropic P2X1-7 and metabotropic P2Y1-11) during myeloid
P2RY10
Protein family
Catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) signal through the α2-adrenergic receptor in the central and peripheral nervous
Alpha-2_adrenergic_receptor
Component of blood aiding in coagulation
platelet activation. ADP binds to purinergic receptors on the platelet surface. Since the thrombocytic purinergic receptor P2Y12 is coupled to Gi proteins
Platelet
Type of molecules within cells
reached the extracellular space can also serve as danger signals by signaling through purinergic receptors. ATP and adenosine are released in high concentrations
Damage-associated molecular pattern
Damage-associated_molecular_pattern
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