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Substance applied to items to slow burning or delay ignition
of PBDEs and high levels of brominated furans, toxic degradation products of brominated flame retardants. Flame retardants manufactured for use in consumer
Flame_retardant
Class of chemical compounds
Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), not manufactured anymore Brominated cyclohydrocarbons Other brominated flame retardants with different properties and mechanisms Decabromodiphenyl
Brominated_flame_retardant
Organic compounds with the structure O=P(OR)3
concentration. The popularity of OPEs as flame retardants came as a substitution for the highly regulated brominated flame retardants. Organophosphates are a class
Organophosphate
Chemical compound
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant. The compound is a white solid (not colorless), although commercial samples appear yellow
Tetrabromobisphenol_A
Materials designed with burn slowly or withstand high temperatures
para and meta Flame retardant cotton Coated nylon Carbon foam (CFOAM) Melamine Modacrylic Noflan Many common brominated flame retardants are being phased-out
List of fire-retardant materials
List_of_fire-retardant_materials
Chemical compound
Decabromodiphenyl ether (also referred to as decaBDE, DBDE, BDE-209) is a brominated flame retardant which belongs to the group of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
Decabromodiphenyl_ether
Chemical compound
Pentabromodiphenyl ether (also known as pentabromodiphenyl oxide) is a brominated flame retardant which belongs to the group of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
Pentabromodiphenyl_ether
Compounds from outside the body that mimic estrogen
PBBs and PBDEs belong to the same class of chemicals known as brominated flame retardants (BFRs). PBBs (polybrominated biphenyls) are chemicals added to
Xenoestrogen
Chemical element with atomic number 35 (Br)
bromine. Brominated flame retardants represent a commodity of growing importance, and make up the largest commercial use of bromine. When the brominated material
Bromine
Chemical compound
(octaBDE, octa-BDE, OBDE, octa, octabromodiphenyl oxide, OBDPO) is a brominated flame retardant which belongs to the group of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
Octabromodiphenyl_ether
Subcategory of ether used in anesthesiology
chlorine radicals. Both types of halogens contribute to the flame-retardant properties, but brominated ethers are often favoured for their higher efficiency
Halogenated_ether
Chemical compound
(or TBPH), is a brominated phthalate derivative with the formula C24H34Br4O4 commonly used as a brominated flame retardant (BFR). TBPH is the diester
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate
Material of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids
found brominated dioxins as unintentional contaminants in toys made from recycled plastic electronic waste that contained brominated flame retardants. Brominated
Plastic
Various fibre-based materials
quality control and testing are of utmost importance. Flame retardants (mainly in the brominated form) are also of concern where the environment, and their
Textile
Chemical compound
Decabromodiphenyl ethane is a chemical compound used as a brominated flame retardant. It was commercialised in the 1990s as an alternative for decabromodiphenyl
Decabromodiphenyl_ethane
Class of chemicals
organobromine compounds that have been used as flame retardants. Like other brominated flame retardants, PBDEs have been used in a wide array of products
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
Polybrominated_diphenyl_ethers
Group of chemical compounds
They are degraded by UV light. PBBs are used as flame retardants of the brominated flame retardant group. They are added to plastics used in products
Polybrominated_biphenyl
Chemical compound or ion
Organobromine compounds are commonly used as brominated flame retardants. Some organobromine flame retardants (not the bromide ion itself) were identified
Bromide
Discarded electronic devices (E-Waste)
potentially harmful materials such as lead, cadmium, beryllium, or brominated flame retardants. Recycling and disposal of e-waste may involve significant risk
Electronic_waste
Chemical compound
N,N′-Ethylenebis(tetrabromophthalimide) is a brominated flame retardant used as an additive in plastics and synthetic rubbers, including polyolefins, HIPS
N,N′-Ethylenebis(tetrabromophthalimide)
N,N′-Ethylenebis(tetrabromophthalimide)
Chemical element with atomic number 51 (Sb)
generated flame, but will extinguish when the external flame is removed. Antimony trioxide is also used as a synergist with brominated flame retardants in housings
Antimony
series of studies have shown that bromophenols derived from brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in human environments are present in human blood and breast
Bromophenol
Polymer composed of a chain of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links
(October 2004). "The Use of Saytex RB-9130/9170 Low Viscosity Brominated Flame Retardant Polyols in HFC-245fa and High Water Formulations" (PDF). Polyurethanes
Polyurethane
Chemical compound
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD or HBCDD) is a brominated flame retardant. It consists of twelve carbon, eighteen hydrogen, and six bromine atoms tied to
Hexabromocyclododecane
Chemical compound
Law, Dorte Herzke, Cynthia A. de Wit (February 2011), "Novel brominated flame retardants: a review of their analysis, environmental fate and behaviour"
Pentabromobenzyl_acrylate
American multinational technology company
recycling, and climate change. Microsoft's deadline for phasing out brominated flame retardant (BFRs) and phthalates in all products was in 2012 but its commitment
Microsoft
Cell phone model
or infrared. The T68i was the first Ericsson (Sony) free from brominated flame retardants (BFR). In 2002, after a slight cosmetic redesign and a software
Sony_Ericsson_T68
Topics referred to by the same term
HBCD may refer to: Hexabromocyclododecane, a brominated flame retardant Hiren's BootCD, an all-in-one live CD Highly branched cyclic dextrin, a carbohydrate
HBCD
Chemical compound
comparison is as brominated form of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether. It is a brominated aromatic chemical used principally for giving flame retardant properties
Tetrabromobisphenol A diglycidyl ether
Tetrabromobisphenol_A_diglycidyl_ether
American scientist, explorer, conservationist, author (1943–2022)
chemicals. Shaw is credited as the first scientist to show that brominated flame retardant chemicals used in consumer products have contaminated marine mammals
Susan_Shaw_(conservationist)
2003 European Union directive on hazardous materials
in the next few years include phthalates, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), chlorinated flame retardants (CFRs), and PVC. China Order No. 39 Final Measures
RoHS
Strategy designed to promote the integration of environmental costs associated with goods
dangerous to human health and the environment are lead, mercury, brominated flame-retardants, and cadmium. Lead is found in the screens of phones, TVs and
Extended producer responsibility
Extended_producer_responsibility
Former global corporation headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
manufactured and marketed a new brominated polymer flame retardant, replacing the traditional hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) flame retardant. By the end of January
Chemtura
Chemical compound
miscible with ethanol and ethers. Iodine tribromide can be used as a brominated flame retardant when producing semiconductors.[dubious – discuss] It also can
Iodine_tribromide
District of Accra, Ghana, known for e-waste dump issues
Poisons such as lead, mercury, arsenic, dioxins, furans, and brominated flame retardants seep into the surrounding soil and water, severely polluting
Agbogbloshie
Controversial U.S. human experiments
other chemicals used in U.S. households, such as phthalates, brominated flame retardants, and perfluorinated compounds (PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, and others)
Children's Environmental Exposure Research Study
Children's_Environmental_Exposure_Research_Study
Processes which convert waste plastic into new items
110082. Zhang, Cong-Cong; Zhang, Fu-Shen (June 2012). "Removal of brominated flame retardant from electrical and electronic waste plastic by solvothermal technique"
Plastic_recycling
Form of mass spectrommetry
industrially to verify, with a high throughput, the concentrations of brominated flame retardants (BFR) in plastics in compliance with the European Union's RoHS
Ion-attachment mass spectrometry
Ion-attachment_mass_spectrometry
Fitness for purpose of textiles
archived from the original on 2021-08-11, retrieved 2021-07-01 "Brominated Flame retardants in the Environment" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on
Textile_performance
Organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation
expanded to include some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), brominated flame retardants, and other compounds. Additions to the initial 2001 Stockholm
Persistent_organic_pollutant
Chemicals that can interfere with endocrine or hormonal systems
used as the flame retardant additive in plastics, and in fabric based textiles as well. The widespread use of brominated flame retardants may be due to
Endocrine_disruptor
Topics referred to by the same term
a German authority in the field of food and product safety Brominated flame retardants, chemicals applied to materials to make them fire-resistant Magnum
BFR
founder, who is credited as the first scientist to show that brominated flame retardant chemicals used in consumer products have contaminated marine mammals
Shaw_Institute
Chemical used in plastics, xenoestrogen
restrictions on brominated flame retardants. The reaction of BPA with phosphorus oxychloride and phenol forms BADP, which is used as a liquid flame retarder
Bisphenol_A
Taiwanese multinational electronics corporation
products which are free from Polyvinyl chloride plastic (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and the company informed Greenpeace that the majority
Acer_Inc.
Common odor found in new cars
for chemicals such as organobromine compounds (associated with brominated flame retardants, or BFRs), organochlorine compounds (e.g., polyvinyl chloride
New_car_smell
American telecommunications company (1928–2011)
chemicals criteria and has a goal to eliminate PVC plastic and Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), though only in mobile devices and not in all its products
Motorola
Chemical compound
"Occurrence, bioaccumulation, fate, and risk assessment of novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRS) in aquatic environments — A critical review". Water Research
Hexabromobenzene
Marine mammals of the Mediterranean Sea
fertility. Another common source of contamination is PBDEs (brominated flame retardants), which can cause, among other things, hormonal disruption in
Mediterranean_cetaceans
Chemical compound
is a brominated derivative of phenol. It is used as a fungicide, as a wood preservative, and an intermediate in the preparation of flame retardants. Although
2,4,6-Tribromophenol
Electronic products for everyday use
contaminants such as lead, cadmium, beryllium, mercury, dioxins, or brominated flame retardants. Electronic waste recycling may involve significant risk to workers
Consumer_electronics
Chemical compound
United States. In the past, it was used as a solvent, sedative and flame retardant, but now it is mainly used as a laboratory reagent, for example as
Bromoform
Chemical finishing methods that may alter the chemical properties of the treated fabrics
archived from the original on 2021-08-11, retrieved 2021-07-01 "Brominated Flame retardants in the Environment" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on
Chemical finishing of textiles
Chemical_finishing_of_textiles
(environment) Bottom fishing Bottom trawling Breeding Bird Survey Brominated flame-retardant Buffalo Commons Buffer zone Built environment Bureau of Oceans
Index of environmental articles
Index_of_environmental_articles
U.S. state
first state in the nation to target all forms of highly toxic brominated flame retardants known as PBDEs for elimination from the many common household
Washington_(state)
Largest living species of dolphin
Norwegian Arctic show higher levels of PCBs, pesticides and brominated flame-retardants than in polar bears. A 2018 study published in Science found
Orca
How plastic particles affect human health
3109/10915818209018020. Ryan, John Jake; Rawn, Dorothea F.K. (2014). "The brominated flame retardants, PBDEs and HBCD, in Canadian human milk samples collected from
Microplastics and human health
Microplastics_and_human_health
American multinational technology company
timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It
Dell
American environmental organic chemist
to Brominated Flame Retardants: Effects on Thyroid Hormone Regulation." Stapleton culminated her research into her 2011 study Identification of Flame Retardants
Heather_Stapleton
Retrieved 2026-05-12. De Wit, Cynthia A. (2002). "An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment". Chemosphere. 46 (5): 583–624. Bibcode:2002Chmsp
Biogeochemical Cycles of Anthropogenic Contaminants
Biogeochemical_Cycles_of_Anthropogenic_Contaminants
Mass of airborne particulates and gases
of halogens such as chlorine (e.g. in polyvinyl chloride or brominated flame retardants) may lead to the production of hydrogen chloride, phosgene, dioxin
Smoke
Rendering an object resistant to fire
penetrations. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fireproofing. BLEVE Brominated flame retardant Cable tray Channel tunnel Circuit integrity Combustibility and
Fireproofing
Chemical analysis method
Solvent Extraction: Sample Preparation for Determination of Brominated Flame Retardants". Retrieved 2016-05-09. "Accelerated Solvent Extraction - Dionex
Accelerated solvent extraction
Accelerated_solvent_extraction
Class of enzymes
of T4 to T3. The environmental chemical DE-71, a PBDE pentaBDE brominated flame retardant decreased hepatic deiodinase I transcription and enzyme activity
Iodothyronine_deiodinase
Medical condition
other fat-accumulated pollutants such as DDT, PCBs, PCDDs and brominated flame retardants Ingestion of affected animals[citation needed] Pathogens as yet
Pansteatitis
2007 film
award for the teacher who screened the film. The Age of Stupid Brominated flame retardant Buy Nothing Project Cost externalizing Dioxins Incineration Planned
The_Story_of_Stuff
Filipino-American chemist
presence of antibiotics in wastewater, chemical compositions of brominated flame retardants(polybrominated diphenyl ethers, BDEs) which are toxic chemicals
Diana_Aga
phase-out of toxic chemicals such as Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and adopt a stronger e-waste "take-back" and recycling
Environmental impact of Apple Inc.
Environmental_impact_of_Apple_Inc.
American multinational technology company
electronics manufacturer to eliminate all polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in its complete product line. In June 2007, Apple began
Apple_Inc.
Pollution caused by historical use of a chemical
found in the natural environment are lead, arsenic, bromate, brominated flame retardants (BFR's), chlorinated naphthalenes, dioxins and dioxin-like compounds
Legacy_pollution
South Korean multinational electronics corporation
after April 2010 are free from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs). The company is listed in Greenpeace's Guide to Greener
Samsung_Electronics
Apple rack-mounted server
to use PVC-free internal cables and components and contain no brominated flame retardants. On August 28, 2009 Xserve was updated to ship standard with
Xserve
Semi-solid material that is produced as a by-product during sewage treatment
households. Low levels of constituents such as PCBs, dioxin, and brominated flame retardants, may remain in treated sludge. There are potentially thousands
Sewage_sludge
Chemical compound
organobromine compound it is used to improve the Flame retardant properties of materials. Flame retardant coatings including powder coatings maybe produced
Dibromo neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether
Dibromo_neopentyl_glycol_diglycidyl_ether
Chemical compound
bromide that is a precursor to some fire retardants. In organic synthesis, 1,2-dibromoethane is used to brominate carbanions and to activate magnesium for
1,2-Dibromoethane
Swedish nonprofit environmental organization
some manufacturers for their proposals to restrict the use of brominated flame retardants and PVC in electronic goods under the RoHS Directive. Although
ChemSec
European Union regulation
environment. Using potentially toxic substances (such as phthalates or brominated flame retardants) is deemed undesirable and REACH will force the use of certain
Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals
Registration,_Evaluation,_Authorisation_and_Restriction_of_Chemicals
British Film Institute BFR – (a) Biennial flight review BFR – (i) Brominated Flame Retardant BFS – (s) Belfast International Airport (IATA airport code) BFSA –
List_of_acronyms:_B
admits to neutron bomb testing. 1978 — Brominated flame-retardants replaces PCBs as the major chemical flame retardant. Swedish scientists noticed these substances
Timeline of history of environmentalism
Timeline_of_history_of_environmentalism
potentially harmful components such as lead, cadmium, beryllium, or brominated flame retardants. Recycling and disposal of e-waste may involve significant risk
Recycling in the United States
Recycling_in_the_United_States
Broomhall, S.; Mueller, J.F. (2016). "Occurrence and distribution of brominated flame retardants and perfluoroalkyl substances in Australian landfill leachate
Environmental issues in Australia
Environmental_issues_in_Australia
Sustainable Development in Canada
metals, including lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, cadmium and brominated flame-retardants are highly toxic to the environment, wildlife and human health
Sustainable Development Strategy in Canada
Sustainable_Development_Strategy_in_Canada
Technology BCS Batteries Compliance Scheme BDF Biodiesel fuel BFR Brominated Flame Retardant BIFM British Institute of Facilities Management BMRA British Metals
List of waste management acronyms
List_of_waste_management_acronyms
2016 advertisement
Retrieved February 8, 2016. Conley, Mikaela (December 15, 2011). "Flame Retardant in Your Mountain Dew? Yep". ABC News. Retrieved February 8, 2016. "Puppymonkeybaby
Puppy_Monkey_Baby
materials can include lead from electronic circuits, as well as brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and polybrominated diphenylethers
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation
Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation
expanding the Chemical Information Call-in to members of the brominated flame retardants, members of the methyl siloxanes, ocean plastics, nano-clay,
Regulation_of_nanotechnology
dramatically. A few of these chemicals include: Flame retardants: Some flame retardants like Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs), which can be found in e-waste plastic
Electronic waste in the United States
Electronic_waste_in_the_United_States
Stabilizer added to polymeric materials
from 2% to 4%. Flame retardants are a broad range of compounds that improve fire resistance of polymers. Examples include brominated compounds along
Polymer_stabilizer
Polymer with refractive index > 1.50
polymers" U.S. patent 5,132,430 (1992) Emma Goosey (2006). "Brominated flame retardants: their potential impacts and routes into the environment". Circuit
High-refractive-index_polymer
Swamp in Redwood City, San Mateo County, United States
J. Greig; Yan Wu (2019). "Characterization of brominated, chlorinated, and phosphate flame retardants in San Francisco Bay, an urban estuary". Science
Bair_Island
Czech environmentalist
contamination by these substances in exposed locations. He also tracked brominated flame retardants and dioxins in toys and other consumer goods. He is in the leadership
Jindřich_Petrlík
includes a brominated fire retardant called HBCD (hexabromocyclododecane) which promotes self extinguishing once removed from direct flame. The EPS used
Insulated_siding
Research center in Kochi, India
persistent organic pollutants and emerging contaminants such as brominated flame retardants and pharmacologically active substances to Indian population
Central Institute of Fisheries Technology
Central_Institute_of_Fisheries_Technology
Aromatic compounds containing Halogen atom(s) in place of Hydrogen
and capacitor production, due to their insulating, hydrophobic, and flame retardant properties, but they have since been phased out for this use due to
Aryl_halide
Manufacturing process
crease-free or wrinkle-free. In a similar way, mercerising, singeing, flame retardant, water repellent, waterproof, anti-static and peach finishing achieve
Finishing_(textiles)
Soft drink brand
the original on 7 June 2020. Conley, Mikaela (15 December 2011). "Flame Retardant in Your Mountain Dew? Yep". ABC News. Archived from the original on
Mountain_Dew
Treatment or process aimed at extending the service life of wood structures
'PinkWood' and 'NexGen'. Some site-applied coatings as well as brominated fire retardants have lost favor due to safety concerns as well as concerns surrounding
Wood_preservation
Type of material
properties, in particular brominated and fluorinated epoxy resins are used. Brominated bisphenol A is used when flame retardant properties are required
Epoxy
Shallow estuary on the coast of California, US
Denise J.; Wu, Yan (2019). "Characterization of brominated, chlorinated, and phosphate flame retardants in San Francisco Bay, an urban estuary". Science
San_Francisco_Bay
American multinational food and beverage corporation
Jacob (May 6, 2014). "Coca-Cola and Pepsi removing controversial 'flame retardant' ingredient from all drinks". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved June
PepsiCo
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