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Protein structural motif
The beta hairpin (sometimes also called beta-ribbon or beta-beta unit) is a simple protein structural motif involving two beta strands that look like a
Beta_hairpin
Structural motif in proteins above the secondary structure level
beta hairpins is unknown. A beta hairpin has two antiparallel beta strands that are at about a 90 degree angle to each other. It is formed by a beta hairpin
Supersecondary_structure
different definitions of β sheets) the β hairpin is defined as X:Y. Beta turns at the loop ends of beta hairpins have a different distribution of types
Turn_(biochemistry)
monomeric A-state form containing a stable beta-hairpin: atomic details of trimer dissociation and local beta-hairpin stability from residual dipolar couplings"
Foldon_domain
Protein structural motif
in that order. Beta turns are especially common at the loop ends of beta hairpins; they have a different distribution of types from the others; type I'
Beta_turn
Protein structural motif
loop ends of beta hairpins; hairpins of this sort can be described as 3:5 (for a type 1 β bulge loop) or 4:6 (for type 2). Type I beta bulge loops have
Beta_bulge_loop
Chemical compound
Pseudomonas specific peptidomimetic antibiotic. It is a synthetic cyclic beta hairpin peptidomimetic based on the cationic antimicrobial peptide protegrin
Murepavadin
Protein structural motif
The beta sheet (β-sheet, also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of the regular protein secondary structure. Beta sheets consist of beta strands (β-strands)
Beta_sheet
Class of enzymes
binding to the substrate. When chymosin is not binding substrate, a beta-hairpin, sometimes referred to as "the flap," can hydrogen bond with the active
Chymosin
Protein fold
six beta hairpins, each formed by two beta strands. Together these form a beta barrel with a triangular "cap", each consisting of three hairpins. Overall
Beta_trefoil_fold
Insect-specific neurotoxin
essential for toxin activity. It has been proposed that this surface of the beta-hairpin is a key site for interaction of the toxin with insect calcium channels
Omega-Atracotoxin
Class of enzymes
primarily within the membrane and consists of 7 transmembrane helices and a beta-hairpin, which interacts with the soluble region of the B subunit. A conserved
Methane_monooxygenase
Protein family
domain comprises a three-helix bundle, a beta-hairpin 'arm' composed of two beta-strands and two short beta-strands in the C-terminal region. Masuho,
DEP_domain
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DnaQ-like domain common to the B-DNA polymerase family. This domain has a beta hairpin structure that helps in switching between the polymerase and exonuclease
POLD1
Organic Chemistry researcher
research began with studies of non-covalent interactions in peptide beta-hairpin model systems, specifically, how pi-pi and cation-pi system interactions
Marcey_Waters
Mammalian protein found in humans
elements, including a triple-stranded, antiparallel beta sheet with strands 2 and 3 in a beta hairpin conformation. The determination of other structural
Defensin_beta_4A
Type of common three-dimensional structure in chain-like biological molecules
repeats. Beta hairpin Extremely common. Two antiparallel beta strands connected by a tight turn of a few amino acids between them. Greek key Four beta strands
Structural_motif
Group of antimicrobial peptides in vertebrates
cathelicidins may also be small-sized molecules (12-18 residues) with beta-hairpin structures, stabilized by one or two disulphide bonds. Even larger cathelicidin
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
Cathelicidin_antimicrobial_peptide
Protein family
repeat is structurally longer. The Asp-box itself adopts a well-defined beta-hairpin fold. These repeats are found in a variety of non-homologous proteins
BNR/Asp-box_repeat
Enzymes that remove methyl (CH3-) groups from nucleic acids
highlighted: JmJ(N-terminus, red; C-terminus, yellow), Zinc finger domain (light purple), Beta-hairpin (light blue), and mixed domain linker (green).
Demethylase
the loop of a beta hairpin. In the other sort, the beta link, the beta bulge occurs in combination with, and overlaps, a type II beta turn. At the level
Beta_bulge
Group of antimicrobial peptides
activity. Theta defensins form a single beta-hairpin structure and represent a distinct group. Only alpha and beta-defensins are expressed in humans. Although
Defensin
Protein-coding gene in humans
Wang P, Wu Y, Ge X, Ma L, Pei G (March 2003). "Subcellular localization of beta-arrestins is determined by their intact N domain and the nuclear export signal
Mdm2
Class of peptide
phase.[citation needed] Arenicin-1 is composed of 21 amino acids with a beta hairpin structure. It contains one disulfide bond connecting Cys3 and Cys20,
Arenicin
Class of enzymes
elongation complex forms. The ssRNAP holds a DNA-RNA hybrid of 8bp. A beta-hairpin specificity loop (residues 739-770 in T7) recognizes the promoter; swapping
T7_RNA_polymerase
Protein fold
foldon stability. Another stabilizing element in TIM barrels is the beta hairpin clamp. Side chain H-bond donors at the N-termini of even-numbered β-strands
TIM_barrel
Protein family
of Zurich are based on the use of the beta hairpin-stabilizing D-Pro-L-Pro template which promote a beta hairpin loop structure found in PG-I. Fully synthetic
Protegrin
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
1osg: Complex between BAFF and a BR3 derived peptide presented in a beta-hairpin scaffold 1otz: Crystal structure of the BAFF-BAFF-R complex (part I)
B-cell_activating_factor
as id code 7ahl. Seven monomers each contribute a long beta-hairpin to a fourteen stranded beta barrel that forms a pore in the cell membrane. This pore
Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin
Staphylococcus_aureus_alpha_toxin
Amino acids containing a secondary amine
protein. D-alpha-amino acid - L-alpha-amino acid sequence can induce beta hairpin. It suggested that acyclic secondary amino acids are more flexible than
Secondary_amino_acid
Computer simulations to discover and understand chemical properties
HE, Dokholyan NV (November 2003). "Mechanism for the alpha-helix to beta-hairpin transition". Proteins. 53 (2): 220–228. doi:10.1002/prot.10468. PMID 14517973
Molecular_dynamics
Protein-coding gene in humans
JmjC domain from residues 176-426, hinge-domain from residues 427-510, beta hairpin motif from residues 511-547, and the C-terminal wHTH motif from residues
RIOX1
Family of proteins that form microfilaments
duplication. The adenosine nucleotide binding site is located between two beta hairpin-shaped structures pertaining to the I and III domains. The residues that
Actin
Protein family
C-terminal domain, has 3 beta strands and two protrusions; one of which is a C-terminal alpha helix, and the second is a beta hairpin. Li C, Ichikawa JK, Ravetto
SurE
Protein family
Residues that contact DNA are located in the catalytic domain and in a beta-hairpin loop formed by the zinc finger. Fromme JC, Verdine GL (2004). "Base excision
H2TH_domain
Homolog protein
protein family that transduce receptors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) superfamily and are significant in regulating cell development. The
SMAD9
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
structure was determined in 2006: Researcher found that iPFK2 has a beta-hairpin N-terminal structure that secures the binding of fructose-6-phosphate
PFKFB3
Enzyme
(September 1996). "Human dUTP pyrophosphatase: uracil recognition by a beta hairpin and active sites formed by three separate subunits". Structure. 4 (9):
DUTP_diphosphatase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
interactions, and also contains two antiparallel helices, as well as a beta-hairpin. SbcC conserved domain can be found from amino acid 743–1333, and is
ANKRD26
Distributed computing project simulating protein folding
formerly possible. Researchers used the results of this study to identify a beta hairpin that was a major source of molecular interactions within the structure
Folding@home
Chinese-American chemist
(2006-10-23). "Membrane-dependent oligomeric structure and pore formation of a beta-hairpin antimicrobial peptide in lipid bilayers from solid-state NMR". Proceedings
Mei_Hong_(chemist)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
JA (Sep 1996). "Human dUTP pyrophosphatase: uracil recognition by a beta hairpin and active sites formed by three separate subunits". Structure. 4 (9):
DUT_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in humans
Gentile LN, McIntosh LP, Hagman J (Mar 1999). "The highly conserved beta-hairpin of the paired DNA-binding domain is required for assembly of Pax-Ets
PAX5
Protein family
A beta-lactamases, possibly through flexibility of its two domains. The two tandemly repeated domains of BLIP have an α2-β4 structure, the β-hairpin loop
Beta-lactamase inhibitor protein
Beta-lactamase_inhibitor_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Tochio H, Fan JS, Zhang M (June 2000). "Formation of a native-like beta-hairpin finger structure of a peptide from the extended PDZ domain of neuronal
DLGAP2
Protein family
tandem repeat of two homologous motifs comprising three-stranded beta sheet and beta hairpins. Percudani R, Montanini B, Ottonello S (September 2005). "The
CVNH_domain
British bioinformatician and academic (born 1949)
Sibanda, B. L.; Blundell, T. L.; Thornton, J. M. (1989). "Conformation of beta-hairpins in protein structures. A systematic classification with applications
Janet_Thornton
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and cardiomyocyte contractility. Further studies have shown that the beta-hairpin loops within the ankyrin repeat domain of ankyrin-B are required for
Ankyrin-2
Protein domain
domain has a compact structure composed of four alpha-helices and two beta-hairpins. Helices alpha-1 and alpha-3 are parallel to each other and antiparallel
YopH,_N-terminal
Protein
duplication of two homologous motifs, comprising three-stranded beta-sheet and beta-hairpins. Zappe H, Snell ME, Bossard MJ (2008). "PEGylation of cyanovirin-N
Cyanovirin-N
Family of toxins from bacteria
"Vertical collapse of a cytolysin prepore moves its transmembrane beta-hairpins to the membrane". The EMBO Journal. 23 (16): 3206–15. doi:10.1038/sj
Cholesterol-dependent cytolysin
Cholesterol-dependent_cytolysin
Gene known for its role in breast cancer
core (alpha 1, alpha 8, alpha 9, alpha 10) and two successive beta-hairpins (beta 1 to beta 4). An approximately 50-amino acid segment that contains four
BRCA2
Protein found in humans
of a beta hairpin folded against an alpha helix. The folding occurs via a zinc(II) ion that coordinates to two cysteine residues (one on each beta sheet)
Zinc_finger_protein_804A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Konopinski R, Wilczynska A, Szwarc M, et al. (2007). "Hairpin structure within the 3'UTR of DNA polymerase beta mRNA acts as a post-transcriptional regulatory
DNA_polymerase_beta
Protein domain
conformation changes to a hairpin structure such that ligand binding sites bind to the beta-propeller, preventing ligand binding. Beta-propeller phytases consist
Beta-propeller
Small structural protein motif found mostly in transcriptional proteins
nuclear hormone receptors. The zinc ribbon fold is characterised by two beta-hairpins forming two structurally similar zinc-binding sub-sites. The canonical
Zinc_finger
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
2003). "Tyrosine phosphorylation of the well packed ephrinB cytoplasmic beta-hairpin for reverse signaling. Structural consequences and binding properties"
NCK2
RNA family
amino acids which is preceded by and overlaps with a G/C-rich hairpin domain. This hairpin domain is predicted to form multiple stable stem loops with similar
P27_cis-regulatory_element
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
repair. The protein has endonuclease activity on 5' and 3' overhangs and hairpins when complexed with PRKDC. Artemis plays an essential role in V(D)J recombination
Artemis_(protein)
Protein family
about 30 FYVE-domain proteins. The FYVE domain is composed of two small beta hairpins (or zinc knuckles) followed by an alpha helix. The FYVE finger binds
FYVE_domain
Canadian-American writer and editor (born 1988)
previously worked as deputy editor of Jezebel and a contributing editor at The Hairpin. Her writing has also appeared in The New York Times Magazine and Pitchfork
Jia_Tolentino
Family of viruses
portion of the genome is flanked by telomeres at each end that form into hairpin loops that are important during replication. Parvovirus virions are small
Parvoviridae
Protein structural motif
classification of beta turns and structured loops in proteins; application to beta-bulge and Schellman loops, Asx helix caps, beta hairpins and other hydrogen-bonded
Schellman_loop
autochaperone domain is first out. This would result in the formation of a hairpin structure. Pharmacological chaperone Protein domain [1] Surface display
Autochaperone
Statistical mechanics theorem relating non-equilibrium work to free energy differences
optical tweezers for the process of unfolding and refolding of a small RNA hairpin and an RNA three-helix junction. The CFT implies the Jarzynski equality
Crooks_fluctuation_theorem
Self-stabilizing region of a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences
are common in proteins that regulate developmental processes. The helix-hairpin-helix is found in proteins that interact with DNA in a non-sequence-specific
DNA-binding_domain
Protein family
an alpha/beta sandwich structure comprising a layer of twisted beta sheet, backed by another layer formed by the alpha1 helix and a hairpin loop at the
Methyl-CpG-binding_domain
Chinese actor (born 1996)
Chinatown the same year. Chen was also cast in historical dramas The Golden Hairpin alongside Yang Zi. In 2021, Chen starred as male protagonist Zhou Siyue
Chen_Zheyuan
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene. DRB1 encodes the most prevalent beta subunit of HLA-DR. DRB1
HLA-DRB1
Protein domain
amino acids that form five alpha helices and three beta sheets. The alpha helices form two hairpin structures, A1/A2 and A4/A5, out of the first and second
BTB/POZ_domain
Protein family
is composed of between three and seven counterclockwise helical hairpins. These hairpins are formed by various anti-parallel α-helices. Four of the currently
Mannuronate-specific alginate lyase
Mannuronate-specific_alginate_lyase
Protein-coding gene in humans
strand, and the β2-β3 hairpin. In the complex with a member of the 5GC DNAs, the GGCGC motif, the convex face of the DNA-binding hairpin dives into the concave
SMAD3
Small non-coding ribonucleic acid molecule
RNA transcripts that fold back on themselves to form short stem-loops (hairpins), whereas siRNAs derive from longer regions of double-stranded RNA. The
MicroRNA
Protein domain
protein has shown the domain to adopt a mainly beta barrel structure with an associated alpha-helical hairpin. Baines AJ, Bignone PA, King MD, Maggs AM, Bennett
Calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated CKK domain
Calmodulin-regulated_spectrin-associated_CKK_domain
Protein domain
identified a cluster of 6 conserved hairpin motifs in the 3'UTR of the MAT2A messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript. The predicted hairpins (named A-F) have strong evolutionary
S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase
S-Adenosylmethionine_synthetase
Biological database of proteins
(core: 6 helices; folded leaf, partly opened), long alpha-hairpin (2 helices; antiparallel hairpin, left-handed twist) and Type I dockerin domains (tandem
Structural Classification of Proteins database
Structural_Classification_of_Proteins_database
Adaptive immunity variety-generation process
DNA ends: a hairpin (stem-loop) on the coding segment and a blunt end on the signal segment. The current model is that DNA nicking and hairpin formation
V(D)J_recombination
3D conformation of a biological sequence, like DNA, RNA, proteins
such secondary-structure features as alpha helixes and beta sheets for proteins, and hairpin loops, bulges, and internal loops for nucleic acids. The
Biomolecular_structure
Type of beta barrel protein domain structure
roll fold is a protein fold or supersecondary structure composed of eight beta strands arranged in two four-stranded sheets. The name of the structure was
Jelly_roll_fold
Protein domain
N-terminal of the protein, Siah interacting protein (SIP). It has a helical hairpin structure with a hydrophobic core which is further stabilised by an arrangement
Siah interacting protein N-terminal domain
Siah_interacting_protein_N-terminal_domain
Mammalian protein found in humans
the interaction with the DNA involves a conserved β-hairpin present in the MH1 domain. The hairpin is partially flexible in solution and its high degree
SMAD4
Bocaparvoviruses known to infect humans
linear, single-stranded DNA 5.5 kilobases in length with disparate terminal hairpin structures at each end. The genome encodes 3 open reading frames (ORF1
Human_bocavirus
Danish chemist (born 1954)
Sanne; Meldal, Morten (2019). "Computational Evolution of Threonine-Rich β-Hairpin Peptides Mimicking Specificity and Affinity of Antibodies". ACS Central
Morten_P._Meldal
RNA family
class beta proteobacteria, particularly in Polynucleobacter genus. Its proposed secondary structure consists of an extended imperfect hairpin that is
CarA_ncRNA_motif
RNA-cleaving enzyme
consist of three β-hairpins (residues 61–74, 79-104 and 105-124 from the C-terminal half) arranged in two β-sheets. The hairpins 61-74 and 105-124 form
Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease
Bovine_pancreatic_ribonuclease
Imaging and diffraction using electrons that pass through samples
Hairpin style tungsten filament on an insulating base.
Transmission electron microscopy
Transmission_electron_microscopy
Human retrovirus, cause of AIDS
and AUG hairpins, responsible for splicing and translation respectively, are sequestered and the DIS (dimerization initiation signal) hairpin is exposed
HIV
Gene editing method
approved for use in the United Kingdom, to cure sickle-cell disease and beta thalassemia. On 2 December 2023, the Kingdom of Bahrain became the second
CRISPR_gene_editing
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Structurally, hepcidin is a tightly folded polypeptide with 32% beta-sheet character and a hairpin tertiary structure stabilized by four disulfide bonds among
Hepcidin
Passage of an object through the gases of an atmosphere from outer space
schematic sketch of an AMaRV-like vehicle along with trajectory plots showing hairpin turns has been published. AMaRV's attitude was controlled through a split
Atmospheric_entry
consists of two small hairpins (PK-SL2) which can form an alternate conformation (PK-SL1) where the loop region of the second hairpin interacts with the
Coronavirus_3′_UTR
Protein family
triangular structure, from which a finger-like hairpin loop projects into an incompletely formed six-stranded beta-sheet of an adjacent subdomain of the same
Type_IV_collagen_C4_domain
American biophysicist
formalized general rules about beta-sheets linkage via "hairpin" connections or "crossover" connections. In a hairpin connection a peptide backbone stems
Jane_S._Richardson
Thermostable form of DNA polymerase I used in polymerase chain reaction
tolerances to inhibitors, or "domain-tagged" versions that have an extra helix-hairpin-helix motif around the catalytic site to hold the DNA more tightly despite
Taq_polymerase
Family of microRNA precursors found in mammals, including humans
The ~22 nucleotide mature miRNA sequence is excised from the precursor hairpin by the enzyme Dicer. miR-224, being located on the X-chromosome, is thought
MiR-224
Species of virus
five-stranded β-sheet with two α-helices and a hairpin. When the capsid is assembled, the helices and hairpin face the exterior of the particle, while the
Bacteriophage_MS2
Eradicated viral disease
stranded DNA genome 186 kilobase pairs (kbp) in size and containing a hairpin loop at each end. It infects only humans in nature. Both enveloped and
Smallpox
1981 film by Jim Sharman
Judge Wright escape the office they are locked into using one of Betty's hairpins to pick the lock. They join the band and successfully hotwire the car given
Shock_Treatment
Protein family
5'-phosphorylated double-stranded break at the RSS and a covalently closed hairpin at the coding end. The RAG proteins remain at these junctions until other
Recombination-activating_gene
Family of viruses
three conserved features: a hairpin structure, a single open reading frame (ORF) and an adenine rich region. The hairpin structure has a loop that includes
Alphasatellitidae
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BETA HAIRPIN
BETA HAIRPIN
BETA HAIRPIN
BETA HAIRPIN
BETA HAIRPIN
BETA HAIRPIN
BETA HAIRPIN
BETA HAIRPIN
BETA HAIRPIN
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