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American telephone service monopoly (1877–1984)
The Bell System was a system of telecommunication companies, led by the Bell Telephone Company and later by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company
Bell_System
1982 US government action ending telephone monopoly
The Bell System held a virtual monopoly over telephone infrastructure in the United States from around the early 20th century until January 8, 1982. It
Breakup_of_the_Bell_System
Chamber for transporting divers vertically through the water
diving bell is not designed to move under the control of its occupants, or to operate independently of its launch and recovery system. The wet bell is a
Diving_bell
Research and scientific development company
awarded for work completed at Bell Laboratories. Bell Labs had its origin in the complex corporate organization of the Bell System telephone conglomerate. The
Bell_Labs
Educational method
The monitorial system, also known as Madras system, Lancasterian system/Lancasterism or the Bell system of instruction, was an education method that took
Monitorial_system
Academic journal
yearly by the IEEE society. The journal was originally established as The Bell System Technical Journal (BSTJ) in New York by the American Telephone and Telegraph
Bell_Labs_Technical_Journal
Analog multiplexing technique used in early telephone systems
routes carried on utility pole systems carried only a few additional conversations, while the Bell System's L5 coaxial system, introduced in 1974, could carry
Carrier_telephony
Family of computer operating systems
multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, the development of which started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by
Unix
Defunct American telecommunications company
BellSouth, LLC (stylized as BELLSOUTH and formerly known as BellSouth Corporation) was an American telecommunications holding company based in Atlanta
BellSouth
Type of American telephones by the Bell System
The Princess telephone was introduced by the Bell System in 1959. It was a compact telephone designed for convenient use in the bedroom, and contained
Princess_telephone
Southwestern American subsidiary of AT&T
While part of the Bell System, it was at times the biggest Bell Operating Company of AT&T's 22 local telephone companies. Southwestern Bell continued to grow
Southwestern_Bell
Canadian telecommunications company
Bell Canada (commonly referred to as Bell) is a Canadian telecommunications company headquartered at 1 Carrefour Alexander-Graham-Bell in the borough of
Bell_Canada
Type of telephone numbering plan in North America
North American Numbering Plan by the Bell System in the United States starting in 1958 to replace the previous system of using a telephone exchange name
All-number_calling
Wireless telecommunications device
popular as of July 2016. In 1962, the Bell System, the U.S. telephone monopoly, presented its Bellboy radio paging system at the Seattle World's Fair. Bellboy
Pager
American telecommunications company
as Southwestern Bell Corporation (SBC Communications) after the Bell System breakup. The original AT&T was created by American Bell Telephone on March
AT&T
Television series
The Bell System Science Series consists of nine television specials made for the AT&T Corporation that were originally broadcast in color between 1956
The Bell System Science Series
The_Bell_System_Science_Series
Inventor of the telephone (1847–1922)
Alexander Graham Bell (/ˈɡreɪ.əm/ ; born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born Canadian-American inventor, scientist, and
Alexander_Graham_Bell
Former telephone company
subsidiary of the Bell System. It was a division of Southwestern Bell Corporation. It continued to operate as Southwestern Bell Mobile Systems until 2000, when
Southwestern Bell Mobile Systems
Southwestern_Bell_Mobile_Systems
American computer company (1986–2008)
Packard Bell Corporation from Teledyne; in spite of similarities in their names, Packard Bell has no connection to either Hewlett-Packard or Bell System. Packard
Packard_Bell
Provision of baseline level of services to every resident of a country
competitor in Bell markets. These independent phone companies did not interconnect to the Bell System; though modern commentators suggest Bell refused to
Universal_service
U.S. regional telephone company created by 1984 break of AT&T
as an "ILEC" (Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier) they were the former Bell System or Independent Telephone Company responsible for providing local telephone
Regional Bell Operating Company
Regional_Bell_Operating_Company
Type of American telephones by the Bell System
Company for the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) and the Bell System. The series features the mouthpiece (transmitter) and the earpiece (receiver)
Western Electric hand telephone sets
Western_Electric_hand_telephone_sets
usually the largest company in the U.S. in terms of assets. In 1900, the Bell system plant was valued at $181 million; operating revenue included $32 million
History of the telephone in the United States
History_of_the_telephone_in_the_United_States
Commercial modem
Retrieved 2017-07-01. Data Set 101C: Identification and Operation (PDF). Bell System Practices. AT&T Co. March 1963. Weber, Laurance A. (1959). "A frequency-modulation
Bell_101
Integrated telephone numbering plan of twenty North American countries
Plan by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) for the Bell System and the independent telephone companies in North America. The first task
North_American_Numbering_Plan
American telecommunications firm
subsidiary was the Bell Telephone Manufacturing Company (BTM), established by Hubbard at Antwerp, Belgium, in 1882. The Bell System's Bell Telephone Company
Bell_Telephone_Company
Modem standard developed by Bell System in 1976
The Bell 202 modem was an early (1976) modem standard developed by the Bell System. It specifies audio frequency-shift keying (AFSK) to encode and transfer
Bell_202
Mixed-use commercial complex in Holmdel, New Jersey
It functioned as a research and development facility for the Bell System and later Bell Labs between 1962 and 2007. The centerpiece of the campus, a modernist
Bell_Labs_Holmdel_Complex
Carrier system for digital transmission of multiplexed telephone calls
The T-carrier system is a member of the series of data-multiplexing carrier systems developed by AT&T Bell Laboratories for digital transmission of multiplexed
T-carrier
Type of American telephone set
domestic desk telephone set issued by the Bell System in North America from 1950 through the 1984 Bell System divestiture. The successor to the model 302
Model_500_telephone
Research distributed operating system
Plan 9 from Bell Labs is an operating system designed by the Computing Science Research Center (CSRC) at Bell Labs in the mid-1980s, built on the UNIX
Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs
telephones in the Bell System installed in Norfolk, Virginia. Telephones that lacked dials and touch-tone pads were no longer made by the Bell System after 1978
Timeline_of_the_telephone
Set of telephony signaling protocols
Service (SMS), and other services. The protocol was introduced in the Bell System in the United States by the name Common Channel Interoffice Signaling
Signalling_System_No._7
Telecommunication signaling system
communications devices and switching centers. DTMF was first developed in the Bell System in the United States, and became known under the trademark Touch-Tone
DTMF_signaling
Quantum states of two qubits
depends on which Bell's state the two qubits are in initially. Bell's states can be generalized to certain quantum states of multi-qubit systems, such as the
Bell_state
Telecommunication network interface
invention at Bell Labs by 1973, the standard was first defined in the Universal Service Ordering Code (USOC) system of the Bell System in the United
Registered_jack
Call assistance services
continued to be available, often at higher cost, for all calls; in the US Bell System an operator-assisted call carried a 50% premium for the first three minutes
Operator_assistance
Telephone switching system
Illinois, and the other half in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. At the time of the Bell System divestiture, most of the 4ESS switches became assets of AT&T as part
No. 4 Electronic Switching System
No._4_Electronic_Switching_System
Telephone which has buttons or keys for dialing
practical. The Bell System selected Findlay, Ohio as the first city in the U.S. for marketing tests of touch-tone service and Ohio Bell began installing
Push-button_telephone
American crypto-anarchist
James Dalton Bell (born 1958) is an American crypto-anarchist who created the idea of arranging for anonymously sponsored assassination payments via the
Jim_Bell
North American local directory assistance number
crossbar switching equipment installed by the Bell System was prevalent. However, in smaller Bell System cities as well as almost all areas served by GTE
411_(telephone_number)
Telecommunications device
local communications system can be compromised. Telephones portal Bell System – American telephone service monopoly (1877–1984) Bell Telephone Memorial –
Telephone
Audible electrical signal in telecommunication systems
played synchronously. Various telecommunication groups, such as the Bell System and the General Post Office (GPO) developed standards, in part taken
Ringing_tone
Alphanumeric telephone numbering plan
companies, not part of the Bell System, also did not implement central office names. In 1915, newly developed panel switching systems were tested in the Mulberry
Telephone_exchange_names
providers. The seven Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) were created as the result of the break-up of the Bell System in 1984. After numerous mergers
List of United States telephone companies
List_of_United_States_telephone_companies
Original Unix operating system from Bell Labs
versions of the Unix operating system for DEC PDP-7, PDP-11, VAX, and Interdata 7/32 and 8/32 computers, developed in the Bell Labs Computing Sciences Research
Research_Unix
Keypad that appears on some telephones
standardized when the dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) system was developed in the Bell System in the United States in the 1960s – this replaced rotary
Telephone_keypad
Telecommunications history
and sales in return for its offer to split the Bell System by divesting itself of ownership of the Bell Operating Companies in 1982. AT&T Corporation was
History_of_AT&T
Telecommunication system for establishing telephone calls
calculations. In the 1940s, the Bell System in the United States and Canada introduced a nationwide numbering system that identified central offices with
Telephone_exchange
American telecommunications company (1885–2024)
services to businesses, consumers, and government agencies. During the Bell System, AT&T was at times the world's largest telecommunications company, the
AT&T_Corporation
Telephone electronic switching system
Electric for the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) and the Bell System in the United States. It came into service in 1982 and the last unit
5ESS_Switching_System
Telephone area code history of North America
forwarding telephone calls between regional switching points. For the Bell System this was the first test to let their long-distance operators dial calls
Original North American area codes
Original_North_American_area_codes
American telephone company
days of the Bell System. The company operated from 1926, with roots tracing further back than that, until 2000, when it was acquired by Bell Atlantic, which
GTE
Holding company created by AT&T in 1983
, was created by AT&T in 1983 in preparation for the breakup of the Bell System, which became effective as of January 1, 1984. It assumed the corporate
AT&T_Technologies
Telephone company in California
from the 1910s through the 1984 Bell System divestiture was The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company. The “Pacific Bell” was phased out of public use
Pacific_Bell
Former Bell Operating Company serving the Southeastern United States
off to form South Central Bell. In 1984, it became a subsidiary of BellSouth Corporation in the breakup of the Bell System. The company was originally
Southern_Bell
Audible telecommunication signal for control of telephone networks
Systems". The Bell System Technical Journal. 31 (5): 860–882., p.869 Fluhr, Z.C.; Porter, P.T. (1978-02-15). "Control Architecture". The Bell System Technical
2600_hertz
Former United States emergency warning system
Emergency Broadcast System (EBS), sometimes called the Emergency Action Notification System (EANS), was an emergency warning system used in the United
Emergency_Broadcast_System
Hacking of analog telephone network
Teenagers and Outlaws Who Hacked Ma Bell". Wired. "Bell System Technical Journal, v43: i5 September 1964". Bell System Technical Journal. 43 (5). September
Phreaking
Telecommunications utility company in Illinois, USA
1984 Bell System Divestiture, Illinois Bell became a part of Ameritech, one of the 7 original Regional Bell Operating Companies. The Illinois Bell name
Illinois_Bell
Form of color code used in wiring
cables with polyethylene-insulated conductors (PIC) by Bell Laboratories for the Bell System in the 1950s, new methods were developed to mark each individual
25-pair_color_code
Modulation scheme for data transmission
Description and Operation", Bell System Practices, American Telephone & Telegraph Co, June 1979 Frank J. Derfler, "The Universal Data Systems' 212 LP modem", InfoWorld
Bell_212A
Microsoft Unix operating system
Microsoft published Xenix in 1980. One consequence of the breakup of the Bell System in the late 1970s was that AT&T started marketing UNIX themselves in
Xenix
American electrical engineer and telecommunications executive (1907–1973)
executive. He spent his entire working career in the Bell System, beginning as an engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1928 and eventually serving
H._I._Romnes
network (PSTN). In the United States and Canada, the Bell System network topology was the switching system hierarchy implemented and operated from c. 1930
PSTN_network_topology
American communications services provider
establishment in the United States in 1983 as part of the break-up of the Bell System, the company's name changed to Telcordia Technologies after a change
Iconectiv
Technical documentation series
The Bell System Practices (BSPs) is a compilation of technical publications which describes the best methods of engineering, constructing, installing
Bell_System_Practices
1948 scholarly article by Claude Shannon
Communication" is an article by mathematician Claude Shannon published in Bell System Technical Journal in 1948. It was renamed The Mathematical Theory of
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
A_Mathematical_Theory_of_Communication
Telephone company
Wisconsin Bell, LLC, doing business as AT&T Wisconsin, is the incumbent local exchange carrier serving Wisconsin. A former unit of the historic Bell System, it
Wisconsin_Bell
Device for hacking telephone networks
November 1960, an article in the Bell System Technical Journal provided an overview of the technical details of signaling systems, and disclosed the frequencies
Blue_box
Discontinued UNIX variant
of Bell Labs in 1982. UNIX System III was a mix of various AT&T Unix systems: Version 7 Unix, PWB/UNIX 2.0, CB UNIX 3.0, UNIX/RT and UNIX/32V. System III
UNIX_System_III
American electrical engineering and manufacturing company
purchasing agent for all telephone equipment for the Bell System from 1881 until 1984, when the Bell System was dismantled. For much of the 20th century, Western
Western_Electric
American graphic designer (1920–1996)
version of the Bell System logo in 1969, as well as AT&T Corporation's first globe logo in 1983 after the breakup of the Bell System. He died from non-Hodgkin's
Saul_Bass
Device for sending telephone numbers
about 1907. While used in telephone systems of the independent telephone companies, rotary dial service in the Bell System in the United States was not common
Rotary_dial
local service in the United States or Canada that was not part of the Bell System organized by American Telephone and Telegraph. Independent telephone
Independent_telephone_company
Signaling method for telephony
multi-frequency signaling (MF) is a type of signaling that was introduced by the Bell System after World War II. It was in use since before 1949. It uses a combination
Multi-frequency_signaling
Former American telecommunications company
on January 1, 1984, as the result of the breakup of the Bell System, NYNEX was a Regional Bell Operating Company which was made up of former subsidiaries
NYNEX
Type of American telephone set
the same telephone housing. The design of a new desk telephone for the Bell System began approximately in 1930, only a short time after the introduction
Model_302_telephone
Percussion instrument
hammer, or—in small bells—by a small loose sphere enclosed within the body of the bell (jingle bell). Bells are usually cast from bell metal (a type of bronze)
Bell
AT&T Information Systems (ATTIS), originally known as American Bell, was the fully separate subsidiary of American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T)
AT&T_Information_Systems
largest industrial employers. As a part of Western Electric and the Bell System, it changed its masthead many times during its life. The origins of Western
Reading_Works
American telecommunications company
Cincinnati Bell was founded in 1873 as a telegraph company and for much of its history was a Bell System franchisee. In the 1990s, Cincinnati Bell expanded
Altafiber
added to Bell System markers were handled by other equipment. Scudder, F.J. (January 1939). "Crossbar Dial Telephone Switching System". Bell System Technical
Marker_(telecommunications)
American telecommunications company
up the Bell System. Bell Atlantic Corporation was created as one of the original "Baby Bell" Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs). Bell Atlantic's
Verizon
Telephone message stating a call cannot be completed
introduced by Bell Systems in 1941, and was intended to sound distinct from other telephone signalling used at the time. According to a document from Bell Labs
Intercept_message
Telephone directory of businesses
as well as the "Walking Fingers" logo introduced in the 1970s by the Bell System–era AT&T, are registered trademarks, though the owner varies from country
Yellow_pages
American telecommunications company
Michigan Bell is the subsidiary of AT&T serving the state of Michigan. Following the Bell System divestiture on January 8, 1984, the company became a
Michigan_Bell
1935–1960 American aircraft manufacturer
Control System for the Mercury Spacecraft, North American X-15, and Bell Rocket Belt. The company was purchased in 1960 by Textron, and lives on as Bell Textron
Bell_Aircraft
Electrical connector commonly used in telephone and computer networks
headsets. Modular connectors were originally developed for use on specific Bell System telephone sets in the 1960s, and similar types found use for simple interconnection
Modular_connector
Logarithmic unit expressing the ratio of physical quantities
of the early 20th century in the Bell System in the United States. The bel was named in honor of Alexander Graham Bell, but the bel is seldom used. Instead
Decibel
Swedish-American physicist (1889–1976)
In 1934 he moved to Bell Telephone Laboratories, where his work broadened from transmission engineering to communications systems. He later served as
Harry_Nyquist
Former telephone company in the US
1984 (just after the breakup of the Bell System). It was later merged with Mountain Bell and the Pacific Northwest Bell in the late 1980s and then phased
Northwestern_Bell
Coin or card-operated public telephone
which once had 30,000, removed its last public payphone in 2022. The Bell System & GTE 3-slot and single slot payphones took nickels (5¢), dimes (10¢)
Payphone
Telephone intended to be used in a car
for and fitted into an automobile. This service originated with the Bell System and was first used in St. Louis, Missouri, on June 17, 1946. The original
Car_phone
Cast iron or cast steel ball with a handle attached to the top
USING SCHMIDT'S Celebrated 'MONARCH' DUMB-BELL, BAR BELL AND KETTLE BELL SYSTEM"; also spelled KETTLE-BELLS (with hyphen) in a 1910 advertisement for
Kettlebell
Bells rung in schools
address/bell is sounding. In October 2010, Mackie Academy in Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, Scotland, took the move to turn off their school bell system, following
School_bell
Distributed operating system
distributed operating system started in 1995 at Bell Labs, which is now held by Vita Nuova Holdings and maintained by Terzarima Systems. Inferno was based
Inferno_(operating_system)
Delaware subsidiary of Verizon
is the Bell Operating Company of Delaware, and small parts of southeastern Pennsylvania. Founded in 1897, it became a part of the Bell System in 1905
Verizon_Delaware
Type of American telephones by the Bell System
that was produced by Western Electric, the manufacturing unit of the Bell System. These telephones were first introduced in 1965 and are formally referred
Trimline_telephone
American industrialist (1845–1920)
consolidate telephone networks under the Bell system. In 1913, he oversaw the Kingsbury Commitment that led to a more open system for connection. Theodore was born
Theodore_Newton_Vail
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