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Research area
Argument mining, or argumentation mining, is a research area within the natural language processing field. The goal of argument mining is the automatic
Argument_mining
Attempt to persuade or to determine the truth of a conclusion
argument is one or more premises—sentences, statements, or propositions—directed towards arriving at a logical conclusion. The purpose of an argument
Argument
Type of argument
In argumentation theory, an argumentation scheme or argument scheme is a template that represents a common type of argument used in ordinary conversation
Argumentation_scheme
Sub-field of artificial intelligence
assess arguments. Argument mining, or argumentation mining, is a research area within the natural language processing field. The goal of argument mining is
Argument_technology
Processing of natural language by a computer
devoted to a topic, and identify the topic of the segment. Argument mining The goal of argument mining is the automatic extraction and identification of argumentative
Natural_language_processing
Academic field of logic and rhetoric
Argument". intranet.csc.liv.ac.uk. "Argument & Computation". www.iospress.com. August 2023. Retrieved Dec 15, 2025. "5th Workshop on Argument Mining"
Argumentation_theory
Theory of text organization
Similarly, RST has been used in representation schemes for argumentation. Argument mining Parse tree Mann, William C.; Thompson, Sandra A. (1988). "Rhetorical
Rhetorical_structure_theory
Opinion and argument mining subtask
detection has increasingly been recognized as a distinct task of argument mining and opinion mining within NLP. Methodological approaches have included traditional
Stance_detection
Technology and software to provide legal services
(December 2020). "ECHR: Legal Corpus for Argument Mining". Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Argument Mining. Association for Computational Linguistics
Legal_technology
reasoning that undermines an argument's support for its conclusion. In academic usage, the term usually applies to arguments, although it is sometimes used
List_of_fallacies
Belgian computer scientist
computer scientist known for her research in natural language processing, argument mining, sentiment analysis, and information retrieval. She is a professor
Marie-Francine_Moens
Biomedical text analysis to extract relevant information and knowledge
phrases and sentences denoting the core arguments made by the authors of a document (a process known as argument mining, employing tools used in fields such
Biomedical_text_mining
Online debate platform
Ralph (2020). "Towards an Argument Mining Pipeline Transforming Texts to Argument Graphs". Computational Models of Argument. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
Kialo
Educational learning method using computer algorithms and AI
to help students develop their argumentative writing performance (Argument Mining). Adaptive learning systems can be implemented on the Internet for
Adaptive_learning
Process of extraction of uranium ore from the ground
Uranium mining is the process of extraction of uranium ore from the earth. Almost 50,000 tons of uranium were produced in 2022. Kazakhstan, Canada, and
Uranium_mining
Global diversified metals and mining company
diversified mining company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the largest mining and non-ferrous metals company in India and has mining operations
Vedanta_Resources
Type of mining in which the soil/rock above mineral deposits is removed
Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying
Surface_mining
Argument that uses faulty reasoning
use of invalid or otherwise faulty reasoning in the construction of an argument that may appear to be well-reasoned if unnoticed. The term was introduced
Fallacy
Mineral extraction from the ocean floor
Deep sea mining is the extraction of minerals from the seabed of the deep sea. The main ores of commercial interest are polymetallic nodules, which are
Deep_sea_mining
Digital asset using a distributed ledger
was introduced in 2009. Mining is measured by hash rate, typically in TH/s. A 2023 IMF working paper found that crypto mining could generate 450 million
Cryptocurrency
Exploitation of raw materials from asteroids
Asteroid mining is the hypothetical and technically possible extraction of materials from asteroids and other minor planets, including near-Earth objects
Asteroid_mining
American mining company
Newmont Corporation is an American gold mining company based in Denver, Colorado. It is the world's largest gold mining corporation. Incorporated in 1921,
Newmont
China-based multinational mining company
Zijin Mining Group Co., Limited is a publicly-traded partly state-owned mining company headquartered in Longyan, Fujian, China. It is one of the largest
Zijin_Mining
Series of armed labor conflicts in the US (1890 to 1930)
of Evarts, which coal operators attempted to stop through violent means. Mining families lived under the terror of Baldwin–Felts detective agents who were
Coal_Wars
Department in Córdoba, Argentina
Colón Department is a department of the Province of Córdoba in Argentina, which spreads from the Sierras Chicas on the western end, into the Pampas plains
Colón_Department,_Córdoba
American multinational corporation
The 3M Company (originally the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company) is an American multinational conglomerate operating in the fields of industry
3M
Mining in Egypt has had a long history that dates back to predynastic times. Active mining began in Egypt around 3000 BCE. Egypt has substantial mineral
Mining_industry_of_Egypt
virtually exhausted by 2000, although some small-scale mining is still in progress on Nauru. Mining ended on Banaba in 1979. In 1896, a cargo officer (supercargo)
Phosphate mining in Banaba and Nauru
Phosphate_mining_in_Banaba_and_Nauru
Fallacy of incomplete evidence
lacks empirical support, according to the authors. In argumentation, the practice of "quote mining" is a form of cherry picking, in which the debater selectively
Cherry_picking
1916 United States Supreme Court case
also rejected that argument and upheld the constitutionality of the income tax under the 1913 Revenue Act. Stanton v. Baltic Mining Co., 240 U.S. 103 (1916)
Stanton_v._Baltic_Mining_Co.
Town in Victoria, Australia
St Andrews is a town in Victoria, Australia, 52 km north-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the Shire of Nillumbik local government
St_Andrews,_Victoria
1988 book by Nimura Kazuo
relations of mining production" and not only about a conflict between workers and the owners of capital. Nimura criticized the arguments of three previous
The Ashio Riot of 1907: A Social History of Mining in Japan
The_Ashio_Riot_of_1907:_A_Social_History_of_Mining_in_Japan
Rural locality in Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine
Zavallia (Ukrainian: Завалля; Russian: Завалье) is a rural settlement in Holovanivsk Raion of Kirovohrad Oblast in Ukraine. It is located on the left bank
Zavallia,_Kirovohrad_Oblast
Informal fallacy
Quoting out of context (sometimes referred to as contextomy or quote mining) is an informal fallacy in which a passage is removed from its surrounding
Quoting_out_of_context
American environmental court case
United States of America v. Reserve Mining Company, 408 F. Supp. 1212 (D. Minn. 1976), was a United States District Court for the District of Minnesota
United States v. Reserve Mining Company
United_States_v._Reserve_Mining_Company
Area permanently changed by environmental or economic harm
pollution sacrifice zones, particularly in zones used for heavy industry and mining. Moreover, this exposure disproportionately affects groups and communities
Sacrifice_zone
Place in Alaotra-Mangoro, Madagascar
Morarano Gare is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Moramanga, which is a part of Alaotra-Mangoro Region. The population
Morarano_Gare
Chinese coal mining conglomerate
‹See RfD› Shanxi Coking Coal Group Co., Ltd. is a Chinese state-owned coal mining conglomerate and a holding company, as one of the seven coal conglomerates
Shanxi_Coking_Coal_Group
Canadian resource company
Venture to develop and build a vertically-integrated nickel and cobalt mining, processing, refining and marketing operation in Madagascar. The Joint Venture
Sherritt_International
Region in Madagascar
Atsimo-Atsinanana (South East) is a region in Madagascar. Its capital is Farafangana. The region used to be part of the Fianarantsoa Province. The region
Atsimo-Atsinanana
Village in New South Wales
Neath is a village in New South Wales, Australia, west of Newcastle. There was originally a coal mine, built in 1906, but the mine closed in 1951 and passenger
Neath,_New_South_Wales
Place in New Brunswick, Canada
Hillsborough is a former village in Albert County in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. It was an incorporated village prior to 2023 but is now part
Hillsborough,_New_Brunswick
Surface Mining is done all over the United States and this causes growing concerns about the impact on the environment. West Virginia is one of the leading
Surface mining reclamation in West Virginia
Surface_mining_reclamation_in_West_Virginia
Place in Rajasthan, India
Khetri Nagar is a town and tehsil in the Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan in India. It is a part of the Shekhawati region. Khetri consists of two towns
Khetri_Nagar
Episodes of the American sitcom
Mr. Kelly thinks he is talking to Henry and John and him get into an argument. Mr. Kelly says he is coming right over. When Henry hears the name Mr.
List of Dennis the Menace (1959 TV series) episodes
List_of_Dennis_the_Menace_(1959_TV_series)_episodes
Suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Mount Annan is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Mount Annan is located 60 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business
Mount_Annan
Informal fallacy involving falsely limited alternatives
dilemmas are usually discussed in terms of deductive arguments, but they can also occur as defeasible arguments. The human liability to commit false dilemmas
False_dilemma
Town in Victoria, Australia
Smythesdale is a town in Victoria, Australia. The town is located on the Glenelg Highway. Most of the town is located in the Golden Plains Shire local
Smythesdale
2008 United States Supreme Court case
United States v. Clintwood Elkhorn Mining Company, 553 U.S. 1 (2008), is a United States Supreme Court case that concerns refunds for a tax that was levied
United States v. Clintwood Elkhorn Mining Co.
United_States_v._Clintwood_Elkhorn_Mining_Co.
Governor Aurelio Umali over the granting of clearances for sand and gravel mining without an environmental permit. However, the suspension is halted after
2024_in_the_Philippines
Orocobre, Core Lithium, Pilbara Minerals, Mineral Resources and Altura Mining. A 2023 estimate suggests that lithium production in Australia will hit
Lithium_mining_in_Australia
Mining company
formed by former executives of Yamana Gold with the purpose of exploring mining opportunities in Africa, executed a business combination agreement with
Allied_Gold_(Canada)
Municipality in North Karelia, Finland
Ilomantsi (Karelian: Il'manči or Ilomančči, Swedish: Ilomants, Russian: Иломантси) is a municipality and a village of Finland. It is located in the North
Ilomantsi
55°46′19″N 4°05′13″W / 55.772°N 4.087°W / 55.772; -4.087 The Udston mining disaster occurred in Hamilton, Scotland on Saturday, 28 May 1887 when 73
Udston_mining_disaster
Wolf 50 自私的懒羊羊 Selfish Paddi 51 呼吸的决战 The Dual of Breathing 52 鸟蛋之争 The Argument on Bird or Egg 53 懒羊羊的歌声 Paddi's Voice 54 羊毛节 Goats' Fur Festival 55 灰太狼之死
List of Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf episodes
List_of_Pleasant_Goat_and_Big_Big_Wolf_episodes
El Salvador's Church leadership was overall anti-mining within the country, based upon the argument that environmental concerns outnumber likely economic
Mining_in_El_Salvador
Valley Railway in British Columbia, was built in response to the booming mining and smelting economy in southern British Columbia, and the tendency of the
History of the Canadian Pacific Railway
History_of_the_Canadian_Pacific_Railway
Overview of the events of 2023 in science
Big Bang to occur". A study strengthens the invalidation of the common argument for high medication costs that research and development (R&D) investments
January–March_2023_in_science
Australian multinational mining and metals company
as the Broken Hill Proprietary Company, is an Australian multinational mining and metals corporation. BHP was established in August 1885 in Broken Hill
BHP
Country primarily in North America
ISSN 0275-1275. S2CID 145135025. Rawls, James J. (1999). A Golden State: Mining and Economic Development in Gold Rush California. University of California
United_States
American precious metals mining company
Coeur Mining, Inc. is a precious metals mining company listed on the New York Stock exchange. It operates five mines located in North America. Coeur employs
Coeur_Mining
Dependent hamlet in Burgenland, Austria
to supply the factory. Since the 19th century the inhabitants have been mining metals, particularly antimony but also pyrite, chalcopyrite and serpentinite
Glashütten_bei_Schlaining
company Orbis – hotels Asseco – IT KGHM Polska Miedź – copper mining Kompania Węglowa – coal mining Echo Investment – real estate development Pekaes – logistics
Economy_of_Poland
Mining company in South Africa and England
Asa Resources Group is a mining company based in Johannesburg and London. According to the company's website, it is the first African-owned and African-managed
Asa_Resources_Group
Multinational commodity trading and mining company
Glencore plc is an Anglo-Swiss multinational commodity trading and mining company with headquarters in Baar, Switzerland. Glencore's oil and gas headquarters
Glencore
Identity, largely about the nature versus nurture argument, as opposed to the less-scientific tabula rasa argument; the Twins Days annual festival held in Twinsburg
List_of_Equinox_episodes
from the original (PDF) on December 28, 2016. Robert S. McNamara (2007). "Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy". PublicAffairs:
1967_in_the_Vietnam_War
Village in Tambacounda Region, Senegal
attracted by a local gold rush. Diabougou has the largest informal gold mining operation in Senegal. Diabougou is located in the Tambacounda Region of
Diabougou_(Senegal)
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
2008). "Proceeding of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge mining – CIKM '08". CIKM '08: Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM conference on
Wikipedia
Gold mining company
Corporation (OceanaGold), previously named Macraes Mining Company and then GRD Macraes, is a gold mining and exploration company based in Vancouver, Canada
OceanaGold
Maroon ethnic group of Suriname
The Brooskampers (also: Bakabusi Nengre) were a Maroon people, descendants of runaway African slaves, living in the forested interior of Suriname. The
Brooskampers
Rural settlement in Zakarpattia Oblast, Ukraine
Solotvyno (also Solotvina; Ukrainian: Солотвино; Romanian: Slatina; Hungarian: Aknaszlatina or Faluszlatina; Rusyn: Солотвино; Slovak: Slatinské Doly;
Solotvyno
War of the Second Coalition battle
Walenstadt." Suvorov should not have brought forward the "completely improper" argument about the lack of ammunition, "since he so extols the advantages of the
Battle_of_Glarus_(1799)
Full coverage of the policies of a US senator
that an increase to $9.00 would only lead to 100,000 jobs lost, but the argument did not persuade her fellow centrists. She said, "I'm confident that the
Political positions of Susan Collins
Political_positions_of_Susan_Collins
September 2012). "Mining in the Republic of Congo: waiting for profits, by Madeline R. Young:African Arguments". African Arguments. Retrieved 20 October
Mining in the Republic of the Congo
Mining_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo
Country in North America
percent. Since the early 20th century, the growth of Canada's manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy
Canada
mini-series. During season 1, the series was named Gold Rush: Alaska, and the mining occurred at Porcupine Creek, on the Alaskan panhandle. For season 2, the
List_of_Gold_Rush_episodes
German state (1919–1933)
of Germany's leading industrial regions. It was particularly strong in mining, iron production, machine building and textiles. Saxony's government consisted
Free State of Saxony (Weimar Republic)
Free_State_of_Saxony_(Weimar_Republic)
Resort town in Alaska, United States
Girdwood is a resort town in the southern portion of the Municipality of Anchorage in the U.S. state of Alaska. Located near the end of the Turnagain Arm
Girdwood,_Anchorage,_Alaska
Place in Atsimo-Andrefana, Madagascar
Fotadrevo is a rural municipality in southwestern Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ampanihy, which is a part of Atsimo-Andrefana Region. The population
Fotadrevo
Suburb of Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
Ascot is a suburb of northern Bendigo, in the City of Greater Bendigo in the Australian state of Victoria. It was surveyed in 1874 and proclaimed a town
Ascot,_Bendigo
Town in Victoria, Australia
Bright (pronunciation: /ˈbraɪt/) is a town in northeastern Victoria, Australia, 319 metres above sea level at the southeastern end of the Ovens Valley
Bright,_Victoria
Rivers Jacqui Boydell, National member of the WA Legislative Council for Mining and Pastoral Roma Britnell, Liberal member of the Victorian Legislative
Endorsements in the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey
Endorsements_in_the_Australian_Marriage_Law_Postal_Survey
District of Jharkhand in India
Giridih district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Giridih is the administrative headquarters of this district. As of
Giridih_district
Town in Victoria, Australia
Beaufort is a town in Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Western Highway midway between Ararat and Ballarat, in the Pyrenees Shire local government
Beaufort,_Victoria
American cloud computing company
process mining company Lana Labs, Appian added process mining to its platform. In 2024, it introduced Process HQ, a product that combines process mining, AI
Appian_Corporation
Road which supplies electric power to vehicles travelling on it
electric road by 2026 for the continuous 24-hour-a-day operation of coal-mining trucks in Xinjiang completely powered by overhead wires. AtB and the municipality
Electric_road
Town in the Northern Territory, Australia
Jabiru is a town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Built in 1982, the town is completely surrounded by Kakadu National Park. At the 2016 census,
Jabiru,_Northern_Territory
Environmental protection and equity
Environmental justice and coal mining in Appalachia is the study of environmental justice – the interdisciplinary body of social science literature studying
Environmental justice and coal mining in Appalachia
Environmental_justice_and_coal_mining_in_Appalachia
Possible nuclear power industry revival
As of January 2016, new nuclear industrial development (other than the mining of uranium) is prohibited by various acts of federal and state legislation
Nuclear_renaissance
Town in New South Wales, Australia
Condobolin /kənˈdoʊbɑːlən/ is a town in the west of the Central West region of New South Wales, Australia, on the Lachlan River. At the 2021 census, Condobolin
Condobolin
2026 Indian Malayalam-language film
ruthless feudal lord who runs a mining company and owns a mountain near Kaaniyar, rich in gold. After investing heavily in mining operations that were rejected
Pallichattambi
1618–1651 theater of war
Spanish Empire across the world. Another series of reforms were done in the Mining industry to overcome the Spanish bankruptcy, and bigger protectionist policies
Thirty Years' War outside Europe
Thirty_Years'_War_outside_Europe
Military and political events in Scandinavia during World War II
In reality, an earlier attempt to destroy the cruiser had been made by mining a tunnel under its previous mooring point, and the device exploded with
Scandinavian theatre of World War II
Scandinavian_theatre_of_World_War_II
Island off the western coast of the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia
Flinders Island is an island in the Investigator Group off the coast of South Australia approximately 32 kilometres (20 mi) west of mainland town Elliston
Flinders Island (South Australia)
Flinders_Island_(South_Australia)
American materials company
Martin Marietta Materials, Inc. is an American company and a supplier of aggregates and heavy building materials, with operations spanning 26 states, Canada
Martin_Marietta_Materials
numbers were accurate and probably even an underestimate. Wyner's main argument was that from 26 Oct – 10 Nov, the number of deaths per day is 270 with
Misinformation in the Gaza war
Misinformation_in_the_Gaza_war
Shadow library search engine
the plaintiffs failed to develop strong arguments. He identified "market dilution" as a convincing argument for financial harm not pursued by the plaintiffs
Anna's_Archive
Proposed industrial hauling road in Alaska
The Ambler Mining District Industrial Access Project is a proposed industrial haul road that would connect the Dalton Highway to the area around the Ambler
Ambler_Road
Environmental crime
illegally extracted natural sand and gravel. While sand smuggling and illegal mining are global concerns, they are especially acute in Asia, where continuing
Sand smuggling in Southeast Asia
Sand_smuggling_in_Southeast_Asia
ARGUMENT MINING
ARGUMENT MINING
Boy/Male
Indian
Orbit, Eye socket, Argument
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Argument reasoning, proof
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
One who Argues a Lot; Orbit; Eye Socket; Orgument; Debate
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Orbit eye socket, Orgument, debate
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old French argent ‘silver’, hence probably a nickname for someone with silver-gray hair, or possibly an occupational nickname for a silversmith or moneyer.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Argument; Reasoning; Proof
Boy/Male
Muslim
Argument, Reasoning, Proof
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Reasoning; Proof; Argument
Boy/Male
Muslim
Orbit, Eye socket, Argument
Boy/Male
Indian
Argument, Reasoning, Proof
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Argument; Proof; Reasoning
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sewell.Samuel Sewall (1652–1730) came with his parents from Bishop Stoke, Hampshire, England, to Newbury, MA, as a nine-year-old boy. In 1676 he married Hannah Hull, a wealthy heiress, and in 1681 he was appointed printer to the Council in Boston. He served as a judge in the infamous Salem witchcraft trials of 1692—the only one of the judges to admit publicly that he had been wrong. In 1700 he published The Selling of Joseph, which argues that all men are created equal and presents theological arguments against slavery.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Kent and Sussex)
English (mainly Kent and Sussex) : from the Middle English personal name Pain(e), Payn(e) (Old French Paien, from Latin Paganus), introduced to Britain by the Normans. The Latin name is a derivative of pagus ‘outlying village’, and meant at first a person who lived in the country (as opposed to Urbanus ‘city dweller’), then a civilian as opposed to a soldier, and eventually a heathen (one not enrolled in the army of Christ). This remained a popular name throughout the Middle Ages, but it died out in the 16th century.Thomas Payne, who was a freeman of the Plymouth Colony in 1639, was the founder of a large American family, which included Robert Treat Paine (1731–1814), one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The author of the republican treatise The Rights of Man, Thomas Paine (1737–1809), left England for North America in the mid 1770s, where he became involved in the movement that led to independence. His pamphlet of 1776, Common Sense, influenced the Declaration of Independence and furnished some of the arguments justifying it.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English streit ‘narrow’, ‘strict’ (Anglo-Norman French estreit).German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname for a quarrelsome person, from Middle High German strīt, German Streit ‘strife’, ‘argument’.
Surname or Lastname
English (Suffolk, of Norman origin)
English (Suffolk, of Norman origin) : nickname for someone with silvery hair, a variant of Argent, with the French definite article l(e).French : metonymic occupational name for a silversmith, from French argent ‘silver’.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Diamond; Name of the Armament in the Hand of Indra it was Made of Dadhichi Rishi Bones
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Proofs; Arguments
ARGUMENT MINING
ARGUMENT MINING
Biblical
fountain of judgment
Girl/Female
Hindu
Desire
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Ice
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian
Sweet Flower
Girl/Female
Arabic
Shooting Star
Boy/Male
Indian
Medium
Boy/Male
Hindu
Plenty
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian, Sanskrit, Sikh
Love; Beloved
Girl/Female
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Of True Essence; Pure; Honest
Girl/Female
Hindu
ARGUMENT MINING
ARGUMENT MINING
ARGUMENT MINING
ARGUMENT MINING
ARGUMENT MINING
n.
A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind; reasoning expressed in words; as, an argument about, concerning, or regarding a proposition, for or in favor of it, or against it.
v. t.
To enlarge or increase in size, amount, or degree; to swell; to make bigger; as, to augment an army by reeforcements; rain augments a stream; impatience augments an evil.
a.
Not refuted; as, an unanswered argument.
n.
The independent variable upon whose value that of a function depends.
n.
an argument from the cause to the effect; an a priori argument.
n.
A process of reasoning, or a controversy made up of rational proofs; argumentation; discussion; disputation.
v. t.
To add an augment to.
n.
Proof; evidence.
a.
Lacking substance, as a tenuous argument.
n.
The subject matter of a discourse, writing, or artistic representation; theme or topic; also, an abstract or summary, as of the contents of a book, chapter, poem.
n.
The quantity on which another quantity in a table depends; as, the altitude is the argument of the refraction.
a.
Admitting of argument.
v. i.
To make an argument; to argue.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or containing, argument; argumentative.
n.
Hence, intermediate argument or discussion.
n.
Jesuitism; subtle argument.
a.
Given to argument; characterized by argument; disputatious; as, an argumentative writer.
n.
A polemic argument or controversy.
n.
Matter for question; business in hand.
n.
An argument or reason.