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Angle between the two sightlines or two objects as viewed from an observer
Angular distance or angular separation is the measure of the angle between the orientation of two straight lines, rays, or vectors – typically in three-dimensional
Angular_distance
Similarity measure for number sequences
may be positive or negative: angular distance=Dθ:=arccos(cosine similarity)π=θπ angular similarity=Sθ:=1−angular distance=1−θπ Or, if the vector elements
Cosine_similarity
Astronomical concept
In astronomy, angular diameter distance is a distance (in units of length) defined in terms of an object's physical size (also in units of length), x
Angular_diameter_distance
How large a sphere or circle appears
The angular diameter, angular width, angular size, apparent diameter, or apparent size is an angular separation (in units of angle) describing how large
Angular_diameter
Ability of any image-forming device to distinguish small details of an object
to have a high resolution or high angular resolution, it means that the perceived distance, or actual angular distance, between resolved neighboring objects
Angular_resolution
Cosmological formulas for expanding universe
_{k}<0\end{cases}}} Angular diameter distance: d A ( z ) = d M ( z ) 1 + z {\displaystyle d_{A}(z)={\frac {d_{M}(z)}{1+z}}} Luminosity distance: d L ( z ) =
Distance_measure
Angular distance between the Moon and another celestial body
navigation, lunar distance, also called a lunar, is the angular distance between the Moon and another celestial body. The lunar distances method uses this
Lunar_distance_(navigation)
Turning force around an axis
linear distance covered at the circumference of rotation is the product of the radius with the angle covered. That is: linear distance = radius × angular distance
Torque
In astronomy, angular separation between the Sun and a planet
the angular distance of the Moon relative Earth or the natural satellite of another planet from its central planet, for instance the angular distance of
Elongation_(astronomy)
Specifies the orbit of an object in space
position of that body in the classical two-body problem. It is the angular distance from the pericenter which a fictitious body would have if it moved
Mean_anomaly
Displacement measured angle-wise when a body is showing circular or rotational motion
The angular displacement (symbol θ, ϑ, or φ) – also called angle of rotation, rotational displacement, or rotary displacement – is the angle (with the
Angular_displacement
Tool for angle measurement
sextant is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument that measures the angular distance between two visible objects. Its primary use is to measure the angle
Sextant
Angular measurement, thousandth of a radian
one metre at a distance of one thousand metres. More in detail, because subtension≃arc length, instead of finding the angular distance denoted by θ (Greek
Milliradian
Mathematical space with a notion of distance
Euclidean space with its usual notion of distance. Other well-known examples are a sphere equipped with the angular distance and the hyperbolic plane. A metric
Metric_space
Physical quantity
kinematics, angular acceleration (symbol α, alpha) is the time derivative of angular velocity. Following the two types of angular velocity, spin angular velocity
Angular_acceleration
Linear or angular distance that an object can move while attached to another
Range of motion (or ROM) is the linear or angular distance that a moving object may normally travel while properly attached to another. In biomechanics
Range_of_motion
Conserved physical quantity; rotational analogue of linear momentum
Angular momentum (sometimes called moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational analog of linear momentum. It is an important physical
Angular_momentum
Rate of change of angle
In physics, angular frequency (symbol ω), also called angular speed and angular rate, is a scalar measure of the angle rate (the angle per unit time)
Angular_frequency
Shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere
The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle
Great-circle_distance
Northern pole-star; brightest star in Ursa Minor
parallax; see #Distance Their minimum spatial separation is the angular separation: 0.09 mrad (18.2 arcseconds), i.e. 0.009% of their distance from Earth;
Polaris
Polarization pattern of the daytime sky
the three angular distances. In an altitude-azimuth grid the angular distance between the observed pointing and the Sun and the angular distance between
Rayleigh_sky_model
Topics referred to by the same term
sphere or circle appears from a given point of view Angular diameter distance, used in astronomy Angular Recording Corporation, a British independent record
Angular
Imaginary point directly above a particular location, on the imaginary celestial sphere
the direction of reference for measuring the zenith angle (or zenith angular distance), the angle between a direction of interest (e.g. a star) and the local
Zenith
Supernova in the constellation Taurus; visible from 1054 to 1056
ones. Three accounts are apparently related because they describe the angular distance from the guest star to Zeta Tauri as "perhaps several inches away"
SN_1054
Astronomical equivalent of longitude
In astronomy, right ascension (abbreviated RA; symbol α) is the angular distance of a particular point measured eastward along the celestial equator from
Right_ascension
Fortnight or a lunar phase in a month of the Hindu lunar calendar
Amavasya corresponds to the period when the Moon is within 12 degrees of angular distance from the Sun before their conjunction. A lunar month begins on the
Paksha
SI derived unit of angle
in the International System of Units (SI) and is the standard unit of angular measure used in many areas of mathematics. It is defined such that one
Radian
Celestial coordinate system used to specify the positions of celestial objects
declination symbol δ, (lower case "delta", abbreviated DEC) measures the angular distance of an object perpendicular to the celestial equator, positive to the
Equatorial_coordinate_system
Concept in orbital mechanics
orbit is generally inclined to the ecliptic, therefore define the angular distance from ♈︎ to the place where the orbit crosses the ecliptic from south
Mean_longitude
Observation of distant objects on Earth's surface or terrestrial features
because of their angular width. The location of the observed object plays an important role, making it visible or not even from a small distance. The best visible
Long_distance_observations
Angle the planets make to each other in the horoscope
astrological interest. As viewed from Earth, aspects are measured by the angular distance in degrees and minutes of ecliptic longitude between two points. According
Astrological_aspect
{\displaystyle D} is the mean angular distance of the Moon from the Sun (its elongation), and ℓ {\displaystyle \ell } is the mean angular distance of the Moon from
Evection
Atmospheric optical phenomenon
with sun dogs is the 22° halo, which forms a ring at roughly the same angular distance from the sun as the sun dogs, thus appearing to interconnect them.
Sun_dog
Astronomical coordinate analogous to latitude
In astronomy, declination (abbreviated dec; symbol δ) is the angular distance from the celestial equator on the celestial sphere; when paired with right
Declination
Celestial coordinate system used to describe Solar System objects
celestial longitude (symbols: heliocentric ℓ, geocentric λ) measures the angular distance of an object along the ecliptic from the primary direction. Like right
Ecliptic_coordinate_system
Computer graphics technique
media Atmospheric visual properties such as: Day-night cycle Elevation Angular distance from the Sun or Moon or other orbital objects Weather and sky conditions
Physically_based_rendering
Third-largest asteroid
conjunctions to stars that other solar objects always pass at great angular distance. This resulted in Pallas passing Sirius on 9 October 2022, only 8.5
2_Pallas
Atmospheric illumination by the Sun below the horizon
winter side of the equinoxes. Outside the polar circles, where the angular distance from the polar circle is less than the angle which defines twilight
Twilight
Conjunction of the planets Jupiter and Saturn
smaller. Distance is the angular separation between the planets in sixtieths of a degree (minutes of arc) and elongation is the angular distance from the
Great_conjunction
Astronomical instrument for timing of the passage of stars
event known as a culmination, while at the same time measuring their angular distance from the nadir. These are special purpose telescopes mounted so as
Meridian_circle
objects, as determined from their angular separation and estimated distance. For planets and double stars, this distance is usually given in astronomical
Glossary_of_astronomy
Adaptation of the standard Mercator projection
false easting, E0, is the distance of the true grid origin east of the false origin. The false northing, N0, is the distance of the true grid origin north
Transverse Mercator projection
Transverse_Mercator_projection
Bright spot on a lunar halo
bending the moonlight by about 22°, so the moon dogs appear at that angular distance from the Moon. Because the light of the Moon is fainter than that of
Moon_dog
Time that marks the beginning of twilight before sunrise
morning twilight is divided in three phases, which are determined by the angular distance of the centre of the Sun (degrees below the horizon) in the morning
Dawn
Galaxy in the constellation Virgo
extended from the core at a position angle of 260° to an angular distance of 20″ with an angular width of 2″. In 1969–1970, a strong component of the radio
Messier_87
Sphere with radius one, usually centered on the origin of the space
length on the unit circle is called radians and used for measuring angular distance; in spherical trigonometry surface area on the unit sphere is called
Unit_sphere
Unit of length in astronomy
distance of 61 Cygni. The parallax of a star is defined as half of the angular distance that a star appears to move relative to the celestial sphere as Earth
Parsec
Process of enlarging the apparent size of something
apparent (angular) size as seen via instrument and the angular size of the object when the object is placed at the conventional closest distance of distinct
Magnification
Tools used by navigators and pilots
which used a plumb bob. These instruments are also used to measure the angular distance between objects: Octant, invented in 1731. The first widely accepted
Navigational_instrument
Class of navigational instruments
permits one to observe two objects simultaneously while measuring the angular distance between the objects. While reflecting instruments are used in many
Reflecting_instrument
Multiple star system in the constellation Libra
(π) 8.59±0.25 mas Distance 380 ± 10 ly (116 ± 3 pc) Absolute magnitude (MV) −0.79 Position (relative to A) Component BC Angular distance 57.8″ Position angle
Iota1_Librae
Cinema sound system
front channels are useful for very large cinema auditoriums where the angular distance between center and left/right channels may be considerable. SDDS decoders
Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Sound
Principles to describe the practical behavior of colors
paints will produce darkened violets and purples, even though the angular distance separating the magenta and cyan is the same as that between the red
Color_theory
Optical phenomenon in water
make the aureole effect more pronounced. The effect extends a greater angular distance from the viewer's shadow when the viewer is higher above the water
Aureole_effect
Spherical triangle used in astronavigation
star. The position of Z or X is described via its declination—the angular distance north or south of the equator (corresponding to its latitude)—and the
Navigational_triangle
Specialized eyepiece
yields the angular distance between the two points seen in a telescope. In a microscope, a similar calculation yields the spatial distance between two
Filar_micrometer
Star in the constellation Canis Major
position angle of 161° of the main star. Despite the relatively large angular distance the components can only be resolved in large telescopes, since the
Epsilon_Canis_Majoris
Angle between two radii of a circle
also known as the arc's angular distance. The arc length spanned by a central angle on a sphere is called spherical distance. The size of a central angle
Central_angle
Trojan moon of Saturn
radial distance from Saturn in its perturbed eccentric orbit. Polydeuces's apparent looping motion combined with its librating angular distance from Dione
Polydeuces_(moon)
Arabic asterism in Canis Minor and Gemini
dhirāʿ can also refer to a unit of measurement, in the context of angular distance equivalent to the width of a thumb held up at arm's length, or about
Al-Dhira'
Early 6th-century Chinese mathematician
the formula for the volume of a sphere. He additionally measured the angular distance between Polaris and the celestial north pole, which was greater 1600
Zu_Gengzhi
Fourteenth-century Korean star map
projection : the linear distance of an object on the map from the center is lineally proportional to the north polar angular distance.[original research?]
Cheonsang_Yeolcha_Bunyajido
The Moon's circuit around Earth
greater orbital angular momentum causes the Earth–Moon distance to increase at approximately 38 millimetres per year. Conservation of angular momentum means
Orbit_of_the_Moon
Red supergiant star in the constellation Cepheus
estimate made based on its angular diameter and an assumed distance of 2,400 light years gives it a radius of 1,650 R☉, but the angular diameter used later turned
Mu_Cephei
Celestial coordinate system
equatorial coordinate system Σ(α, δ) in astronomy, polar distance (PD) is an angular distance of a celestial object on its meridian measured from the celestial
Polar_distance_(astronomy)
Line of longitude
106th meridian east is one of the lines of longitude used to measure angular distance east or west of the prime meridian. The 106th meridian east forms a
106th_meridian_east
Theoretical description of motion of Earth's moon
the distance (and apparent diameter) of the Moon appear to vary by a factor of about 2, which is clearly not seen in reality. (The apparent angular diameter
Lunar_theory
Direction and rate of rotation
In kinematics, angular velocity (symbol ω or ω→, the lowercase Greek letter omega), also known as the angular frequency vector, is a three-dimensional
Angular_velocity
Dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt
to negative. "hEcl-Lat" is the heliocentric ecliptic latitude, or angular distance above the ecliptic.) "JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris for 136472 Makemake
Makemake
Relative direction using a dial
numbers are relative to the direction in which the vessel points. The angular distance between adjacent clock numbers is 30 degrees, a round unit that simplifies
Clock_position
rear of the droplets. In a primary bow, usually appearing with an angular distance of 42° centered on the anti-solar point, the color separation produces
Glossary_of_meteorology
Smallest addressable element of a raster image
to a flat-panel display. The pixel scale used in astronomy is the angular distance between two objects on the sky that fall one pixel apart on the detector
Pixel
Type of star cluster
proper motion and angular distance from the cluster to its vanishing point are known, simple trigonometry will reveal the distance to the cluster. The
Open_cluster
Flight or sailing route along the shortest path between two points on a globe's surface
= R θ s , t {\displaystyle d_{s,t}=R\theta _{s,t}} where θ is the angular distance of two points viewed from the center of the sphere, measured in radians
Great-circle_navigation
Star in the constellation Capricornus
Capricorni nor somewhat fainter Nu Capricorni which are 3 to 6 times the angular distance apart than separate the two Alpha stars, respectively. The Bayer designation
Alpha1_Capricorni
Mechanisms for smoothly transmitting rotation through a bend in a drive shaft
movement of the driven shaft will cause the balls to move one half of the angular distance. For example, when the driven shaft moves through an angle of 20 degrees
Constant-velocity_joint
Time between successive new moons
must move a little further to reach the new position having the same angular distance from the Sun, appearing to move with respect to the stars since the
Lunar_month
Spatial frequency of a wave
frequency. In theoretical physics, an angular wave number, defined as the number of radians per unit distance is more often used: k = 2 π λ = 2 π ν ~
Wavenumber
In physics, angular mechanics is a field of mechanics which studies rotational movement. It studies things such as angular momentum, angular velocity, and
Angular_mechanics
Theorem in geometry
on a spherical Earth of radius 6371 km; the side corresponds to an angular distance of 60/6371=.0094, or approximately 10−2 radians (subtending an angle
Legendre's theorem on spherical triangles
Legendre's_theorem_on_spherical_triangles
Brightest star in the constellation Leo
observed as it is much fainter than the primary. The BC pair lies at an angular distance of 177 arc-seconds from Regulus A, making them visible in amateur telescopes
Regulus
Lunar phase near new moon
Amavasya corresponds to the period when the Moon is within 12 degrees of angular distance from the Sun before their conjunction. In Hindu culture, Amavasya day
Amavasya
Star in the constellation Draco
an angular distance of 17 arcseconds which corresponds to 260 AU at the estimated distance of this star system—where an AU is the average distance from
BY_Draconis
Brightest quasar from Earth located in the constellation Virgo
interferometer yields an angular distance estimate of DA=1.80+0.32 −0.28 Gly (552+97 −79 Mpc). The latter distance is related to the comoving distance as D L = ( 1
3C_273
Region of space gravitationally dominated by a given body
of influence is, in fact, not quite a sphere. The distance to the SOI depends on the angular distance θ from the massive body. A more accurate formula
Sphere of influence (astrodynamics)
Sphere_of_influence_(astrodynamics)
Measuring instrument in Astronomy
that it could be used at any orientation. This allows the measure of angular distances between astronomical bodies.[citation needed] These instruments differ
Sextant_(astronomy)
Star in the constellation Virgo
Big Dipper (or Plough) to Arcturus, and then continue on the same angular distance to Spica. This can be recalled by the mnemonic phrase, "arc to Arcturus
Spica
1990 agreement on standard jet definitions in particle physics
original form dates from 1997, clusters particles purely by angular distance. Its angular ordering makes it the standard choice for reclustering the constituents
Snowmass_accord
Optical characteristics of the atmosphere
light in particular directions. For circular halos, the preferred angular distance are 22 and 46 degrees from the ice crystals which create them. Atmospheric
Atmospheric_optics
Eye movement
resulting in a pulse-step control. The amplitude of a saccade is the angular distance the eye travels during the movement. For amplitudes up to 15 or 20°
Saccade
Precision optical measuring instrument
the different distances to the target. Sightings are taken by the surveyor, who adjusts the telescope's vertical and horizontal angular orientation so
Theodolite
Process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle
Great circle, etc). Roughly, the latitude of a place on Earth is its angular distance north or south of the equator. Latitude is usually expressed in degrees
Navigation
Method of determining the direction of Mecca
negligible deviation. A practical problem occurs in locations whose angular distances to Mecca are almost equal to 90 degrees at the edge of the hemisphere
Qibla_observation_by_shadows
Symbols for constants, special functions
equinox along the zodiacal circle, and celestial latitude (β) is the angular distance of the arc dropped perpendicularly from the body to the zodiacal circle
Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering
Greek_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering
Large trans-neptunian object
is the angular distance eastward of the celestial equator starting at the vernal (March) equinox while the declination is the angular distance perpendicular
20000_Varuna
Brightest star in the constellation Auriga
being 2.4828±0.0067 M☉. Their angular radii have been directly measured; in combination with the very accurate distance, this gives 11.98±0.57 R☉ and
Capella
Magnification of angular error over distance
magnification of angular error over distance. For example, when one measures a point that is 1 meter away at 90 degrees, an angular error of 1 degree
Abbe_error
2M0838+15 is a triple brown dwarf
2M0838+15A) Component 2M0838+15(BC) Epoch of observation 2010 January 8 Angular distance 549 ±1 mas Position angle 18.8 ±0.1° Projected separation 27 ±5 AU
2MASS_J08381155+1511155
Greek librarian, mathematician, geographer, and poet
Eratosthenes improved the accuracy of the measurement. He determined the angular distance between the two tropics as of the full circle (360°), i.e., 47° 42′
Eratosthenes
Last visible crescent of waning moon
Greek, and Indian culture, the dark moon occurs within the 12° of angular distance between the Moon and the Sun before conjunction (a type of syzygy)
Dark_moon
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