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Celestial coordinate system used to specify the positions of celestial objects
The equatorial coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system widely used to specify the positions of celestial objects. It may be implemented in
Equatorial_coordinate_system
Celestial coordinate system in spherical coordinates, with the Sun as its center
object's location expressed in the equatorial coordinate system can be transformed into the galactic coordinate system. In these equations, α is right ascension
Galactic_coordinate_system
Celestial coordinate system used to describe Solar System objects
In astronomy, the ecliptic coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system commonly used for representing the apparent positions, orbits, and pole orientations
Ecliptic_coordinate_system
System for specifying positions of celestial objects
position of stars relative to an observer's ideal horizon. The equatorial coordinate system is centered at Earth's center, but fixed relative to the celestial
Astronomical coordinate systems
Astronomical_coordinate_systems
Topics referred to by the same term
Earth's equatorial region tropical climate the Celestial equator equatorial orbit equatorial coordinate system equatorial mount, of telescopes equatorial bond
Equatorial
Way to determine a preliminary orbit from initial observations in astronomy
Equatorial Coordinate System), the direction cosine vector of the orbiting body from the observation points (from Topocentric Equatorial Coordinate System)
Gauss's_method
Astronomical equivalent of longitude
specify the location of a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system. An old term, right ascension (Latin: ascensio recta) refers
Right_ascension
System to specify locations on Earth
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude
Geographic_coordinate_system
Type of celestial coordinate system
The horizontal coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system that uses the observer's local horizon as the fundamental plane to define two angles
Horizontal_coordinate_system
Astronomical coordinate system
The supergalactic coordinate system is a reference frame for the supercluster of galaxies that contains the Milky Way galaxy, referenced to a local relatively
Supergalactic coordinate system
Supergalactic_coordinate_system
Plane of reference that divides the sphere into two hemispheres
is a Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z). The equatorial coordinate system uses the celestial equator. The ecliptic coordinate system uses the ecliptic
Fundamental plane (spherical coordinates)
Fundamental_plane_(spherical_coordinates)
Branch of astronomy about the celestial sphere
astronomy are celestial coordinate systems and time. The coordinates of objects on the sky are listed using the equatorial coordinate system, which is based on
Spherical_astronomy
Apparent angular position of any star in the sky; point on the celestial sphere
right ascension (α) and declination (δ). This pair based the equatorial coordinate system. While δ is given in degrees (from +90° at the north celestial
Star_position
Frame of reference for an orbit
The perifocal coordinate (PQW) system is a frame of reference for an orbit. The frame is centered at the focus of the orbit, i.e. the celestial body about
Perifocal_coordinate_system
Coordinate system for planets
A planetary coordinate system (also referred to as planetographic, planetodetic, or planetocentric) is a generalization of the geographic, geodetic, and
Planetary_coordinate_system
Coordinates comprising a distance and an angle
In mathematics, the polar coordinate system specifies a given point in a plane by using a distance and an angle as its two coordinates. These are the
Polar_coordinate_system
Equation to derive time of sunset and sunrise
calculated by converting its coordinates from the equatorial coordinate system to the horizontal coordinate system, and then solving the equation for an altitude
Sunrise_equation
Conceptual tool in astronomy
building a system that way are as much historic as technical. Astronomy portal Horizontal coordinate system Equatorial coordinate system Hour angle Pole
Celestial_sphere
Historical place in New Delhi
systems- the Azimuthal-altitude system and the Equatorial coordinate system. This allowed for the easy conversation of the popular celestial system.
Jantar_Mantar,_New_Delhi
Type of orbit around an astronomical body
A near-equatorial orbit is an orbit that lies close to the equatorial plane of the primary body orbited. Such an orbit has an inclination near 0°. Such
Near-equatorial_orbit
Projection of Earth's equator out into space
Earth. By extension, it is also a plane of reference in the equatorial coordinate system. Because of the Earth's axial tilt, the celestial equator is
Celestial_equator
Calculating the Sun's location in the sky at a given time and place
position in the ecliptic coordinate system, convert to the equatorial coordinate system, and convert to the horizontal coordinate system. The resulting Sun
Position_of_the_Sun
Variance in a celestial body's axis of rotation over time
astronomical objects is the Earth's equator — the so-called equatorial coordinate system. The effect of precession and nutation causes this frame of reference
Astronomical_nutation
Topics referred to by the same term
systems design and implementation with a view to maximising service Hour angle, in astronomy, one of the coordinates of the equatorial coordinate system
Ha
Orbit keeping the satellite at a fixed longitude above the equator
abbreviated GSO), which is a circular geosynchronous orbit in Earth's equatorial plane with both inclination and eccentricity equal to 0. A satellite in
Geosynchronous_orbit
Circular orbit above Earth's Equator and following the direction of Earth's rotation
the orbit is referred to as either a geostationary or geosynchronous equatorial orbit, with the terms used somewhat interchangeably. The first geostationary
Geostationary_orbit
equator is the basis for the celestial equator. equatorial coordinate system An astronomical coordinate system defined by an origin at the geometric center
Glossary_of_astronomy
Methods to identify locations on the Sun
In solar observation and imaging, coordinate systems are used to identify and communicate locations on and around the Sun. The Sun is made of plasma, so
Solar_coordinate_systems
Spacecraft end-of-life orbit
Orbital mechanics Astronomical coordinate systems Characteristic energy Escape velocity Ephemeris Equatorial coordinate system Ground track Hill sphere Interplanetary
Graveyard_orbit
Coordinates used in the equatorial coordinate system
specify the location of a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system. The local hour angle (LHA) of an object in the observer's sky
Hour_angle
Orbit around Earth between 160 and 2000 km
(190 mi) are subject to quick orbital decay due to atmospheric drag. Equatorial low Earth orbits (ELEO) are a subset of LEO. These orbits, with low orbital
Low_Earth_orbit
Astronomical coordinate analogous to latitude
celestial sphere; when paired with right ascension, it forms the equatorial coordinate system. The declination angle is measured north (positive) or south
Declination
is an event, defined only when using either an equatorial or an ecliptic celestial coordinate system, in which any two astronomical objects (e.g. asteroids
List of conjunctions (astronomy)
List_of_conjunctions_(astronomy)
Orbital mechanics Astronomical coordinate systems Characteristic energy Escape velocity Ephemeris Equatorial coordinate system Ground track Hill sphere Interplanetary
Longitude_of_periapsis
Map projection system
The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) is a projected coordinate system based on the transverse Mercator map projection of the Earth spheroid. As a map
Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system
Universal_Transverse_Mercator_coordinate_system
Zodiac constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
by a polygon of 12 segments (illustrated in infobox). In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between
Libra_(constellation)
Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
defined by a twelve-sided polygon (illustrated in infobox). In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between
Lupus_(constellation)
Defining the orbit of an object in space
definitions exist for satellites around other planets (see planetary coordinate systems). For heliocentric orbits, the ecliptic as the reference plane, and
Longitude of the ascending node
Longitude_of_the_ascending_node
3-D coordinate system centered on the Earth
Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents
Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system
Earth-centered,_Earth-fixed_coordinate_system
Fourth letter in the Greek alphabet
sector of the F-ATPase. The declination of an object in the equatorial coordinate system of astronomy. The dividend yield in the Black–Scholes option
Delta_(letter)
Geographic coordinate system
Geodetic coordinates are a type of curvilinear orthogonal coordinate system used in geodesy based on a reference ellipsoid. They include geodetic latitude
Geodetic_coordinates
Direction in space opposite the Galactic Center from Earth
0°, while the anticenter is located exactly at 180°. In the equatorial coordinate system, the anticenter is found at roughly RA 05h 46m, dec +28° 56'
Galactic_anticenter
Orbital data format
Report #3: Rev 3" (PDF). "NASA, Definition of Two-line Element Set Coordinate System". Spaceflight.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 1 March 2000
Two-line_element_set
Measure of amount of effort to change trajectory
_{t_{0}}^{t_{1}}\left|{\dot {v}}\right|\,dt} where v ˙ {\displaystyle {\dot {v}}} is the coordinate acceleration. When thrust is applied in a constant direction (v/|v|
Delta-v
Trajectory of Earth around the Sun
biosystem The Sun's orbit relative to the Solar System's barycenter (the point often used as a coordinate origin) is nearly periodic over 179 years, varying
Earth's_orbit
Small constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
constellation boundaries are defined by a quadrilateral. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between
Scutum_(constellation)
Type of geocentric orbit
passage for equatorial latitudes is around noon or midnight, and the dawn/dusk orbit, where the local mean solar time of passage for equatorial latitudes
Sun-synchronous_orbit
Celestial coordinate system
In the celestial equatorial coordinate system Σ(α, δ) in astronomy, polar distance (PD) is an angular distance of a celestial object on its meridian measured
Polar_distance_(astronomy)
Orbit around the barycenter of the Sun
of the Solar System, which is usually located within or very near the surface of the Sun. Comets which traverse the inner Solar System shift between
Heliocentric_orbit
Coordinate frames
Earth-centered inertial (ECI) coordinate frames have their origins at the center of mass of Earth and are fixed with respect to the stars. "I" in "ECI"
Earth-centered_inertial
Satellite orbit with high inclination
vehicle to launch a given payload to a given altitude than for a near-equatorial orbit at the same altitude, because it cannot take advantage of the Earth's
Polar_orbit
Transfer orbit used to reach geosynchronous or geostationary orbit
inclination of a GTO is the angle between the orbit plane and the Earth's equatorial plane. It is determined by the latitude of the launch site and the launch
Geostationary_transfer_orbit
Type of spacecraft maneuver
2010). Using the Two-Burn Escape Maneuver for Fast Transfers in the Solar System and Beyond (PDF) (Report). NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11
Oberth_effect
Earth-centered orbit above low Earth orbit and below geostationary orbit
the Van Allen radiation belts, which can damage satellites’ electronic systems without special shielding. A medium Earth orbit is sometimes called mid
Medium_Earth_orbit
Imaginary sky rotation points
day). The celestial poles are also the poles of the celestial equatorial coordinate system, meaning they have declinations of +90 degrees and −90 degrees
Celestial_pole
Specifies the orbit of an object in space
eccentricity vector (a vector pointing towards the periapsis). In the case of equatorial orbits (which have no ascending node), the argument is strictly undefined
Argument_of_periapsis
Angle between a reference plane and the plane of an orbit
Equator, the plane of the satellite's orbit is the same as the Earth's equatorial plane, and the satellite's orbital inclination is 0°. The general case
Orbital_inclination
Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
Delporte in 1930, are defined by a polygon of four segments. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between
Crux
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
Delporte in 1930, are defined by a polygon of 30 segments. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between
Cassiopeia_(constellation)
Path on the surface of the Earth or another body directly below an aircraft or satellite
circular), and an inclination of zero in the Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed coordinate system (meaning the orbital plane is not tilted relative to the Earth's equator)
Satellite_ground_track
Laws describing planetary orbits
orbit of Mars. From this, Kepler inferred that other bodies in the Solar System, including those farther away from the Sun, also have elliptical orbits
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Kepler's_laws_of_planetary_motion
Characteristic of conic sections
semi-major axis and b be the length of its semi-minor axis. In the coordinate system with origin at the ellipse's center and x-axis aligned with the major
Eccentricity_(mathematics)
Area of the sky divided into twelve signs
the zodiac remains the basis of the ecliptic coordinate system in use in astronomy besides the equatorial one, the term and the names of the twelve signs
Zodiac
Concept in celestial mechanics
{\displaystyle \mu =G(M+m)\approx GM.} For several objects in the Solar System, the value of μ is known to greater accuracy than either G or M. The SI
Standard gravitational parameter
Standard_gravitational_parameter
Cartesian vectors of position and velocity of an orbiting body in space
ISBN 0-7506-6169-0. Retrieved 2023-01-08. Xu, Guochang; Xu, Yan (2016). "Coordinate and Time Systems". GPS. pp. 17–36. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-50367-6_2. ISBN 978-3-662-50365-2
Orbital_state_vectors
Vector quantity in celestial mechanics
m_{2}} ) The coordinate system is inertial. Each object can be treated as a spherically symmetrical point mass. No other forces act on the system other than
Specific_angular_momentum
Table of positions of astronomical objects at given times
calculated from an ephemeris is often given in the spherical polar coordinate system of right ascension and declination, together with the distance from
Ephemeris
Constellation in the northern sky
boundaries, defining it as a 28-sided irregular polygon. In the equatorial coordinate system, the constellation stretches between the right ascension coordinates
Ursa_Major
Zodiac constellation in the northern hemisphere
29.4m and its declination is between 10.36° and 31.22° in the equatorial coordinate system. In traditional Chinese astronomy, stars from Aries were used
Aries_(constellation)
Equilibrium points near two orbiting bodies
are five Lagrange points for the Sun–Earth system, and five different Lagrange points for the Earth–Moon system. L1, L2, and L3 are on the line through the
Lagrange_point
Maintenance of a particular orbit
this perturbation and maintain the desired inclination relative to the equatorial plane is approximately 50 m/s per year. This part of the GEO station-keeping
Orbital_station-keeping
Periodic, three-dimensional orbit
orbits exist in any three-body system, e.g., a Sun–Earth–orbiting satellite system or an Earth–Moon–orbiting satellite system. Continuous "families" of both
Halo_orbit
Measure of observed changes in the apparent locations of stars
in the Galactic halo. The components for proper motion in the equatorial coordinate system (of a given epoch, often J2000.0) are given in the direction
Proper_motion
Moment in time used as a reference point in astronomy
are expressed, in equatorial form or ecliptic form.) The equinox with equator/ecliptic of a given date defines which coordinate system is used. Most standard
Epoch_(astronomy)
telescope equipped with a properly aligned equatorial mount, the observer may also follow the equatorial coordinate system on a star map to move along the lines
Star_hopping
Mathematical equation describing the motion of a rocket
could achieve speeds necessary for space travel. Consider the following system: In the following derivation, "the rocket" is taken to mean "the rocket
Tsiolkovsky_rocket_equation
Rotational center of the Milky Way galaxy
Sagittarius A as the true zero coordinate point for the system of galactic latitude and longitude. In the equatorial coordinate system the location is: RA 17h
Galactic_Center
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
Delporte in 1930, are defined by a polygon of 16 segments. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between
Boötes
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
by a polygon of 32 segments (illustrated in infobox). In the equatorial coordinate system, epoch 2000, the right ascension coordinates of these borders
Hercules_(constellation)
Orbit of an astronomical body equal to that body's average rotational period
orbit. However, a synchronous orbit need not be equatorial; nor circular. A body in a non-equatorial synchronous orbit will appear to oscillate north
Synchronous_orbit
Parameters that define a specific orbit
spatial dimensions which define position (x, y, z in a Cartesian coordinate system), and the velocity in each of these dimensions. The orbiting object's
Orbital_elements
Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
Delporte in 1930, are defined by a polygon of 6 segments. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between
Sculptor_(constellation)
Either of two extreme points in a celestial object's orbit
(spaceflight) Hyperbolic trajectory § Closest approach Mean anomaly Perifocal coordinate system True anomaly "apsis". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. "apsis"
Apsis
Constellation straddling the celestial equator
Delporte in 1930, are defined by a polygon of 26 sides. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between
Orion_(constellation)
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
39.3m and its declination is between 53.19° and 21.68° in the equatorial coordinate system. In traditional Chinese astronomy, nine stars from Andromeda
Andromeda_(constellation)
Highly elliptical and highly inclined synchronous orbit
project, a broadcasting system proposed in the 1990s. Comparison of Tundra orbit, QZSS orbit and Molniya orbit - equatorial view Elliptic orbit List
Tundra_orbit
Parameter of Keplerian orbits
2021-05-15. Retrieved 2020-08-29. Murray, C. D. & Dermott, S. F., 1999, Solar System Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-57597-4 Plummer
True_anomaly
Geocentric orbit with an altitude entirely above that of a geosynchronous orbit
Earth science, while also enabling global communication and navigation systems. The Moon's Hill sphere is entered at a distance to the Moon of 60,000 km
High_Earth_orbit
Propulsive maneuver used to arrive at the Moon
missions without significant perturbations from sources outside the Earth-Moon system, a fast Hohmann transfer is typically more practical. A spacecraft performs
Trans-lunar_injection
Movement around a celestial body that remains below its Karman line
Orbital mechanics Astronomical coordinate systems Characteristic energy Escape velocity Ephemeris Equatorial coordinate system Ground track Hill sphere Interplanetary
Transatmospheric_orbit
Kuiper belt object
declination values specify the position of an object in the geocentric equatorial coordinate system. The right ascension is the angular distance eastward of the
20000_Varuna
Speed at which a body orbits around the barycenter of a system
In gravitationally bound systems, the orbital speed of an astronomical body or object (e.g. planet, moon, artificial satellite, spacecraft, or star) is
Orbital_speed
Plane on which most of a disk-shaped galaxy's mass lies
position angle 31.72° (B1950) or 31.40° (J2000) east of north. Galactic coordinate system LHS 1815b example of outside galactic plane exoplanet Zone of Avoidance
Galactic_plane
The Moon's circuit around Earth
primary – the ecliptic, the plane of Earth's orbit – than to the primary's equatorial plane. The Moon's orbital plane is inclined about 5.1° from the ecliptic
Orbit_of_the_Moon
Astrodynamic equation
as it is a freefall (situation of weightlessness). Consider a two-body system consisting of a central body of mass M and a much smaller, orbiting body
Orbit_equation
Concept in orbital mechanics
Orbital mechanics Astronomical coordinate systems Characteristic energy Escape velocity Ephemeris Equatorial coordinate system Ground track Hill sphere Interplanetary
Mean_longitude
Constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere
Delporte in 1930, are defined by a polygon of 14 segments. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between
Vela_(constellation)
Astronomical observatory in Sweden
of his readings further, he utilized the equatorial coordinate system instead of the zodiacal coordinate system with his specially designed instruments
Uraniborg
Amount by which an orbit deviates from a perfect circle
2007 at the Wayback Machine Berger A.; Loutre M.F.; Mélice J.L. (2006). "Equatorial insolation: from precession harmonics to eccentricity frequencies" (PDF)
Orbital_eccentricity
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
Delporte in 1930, are defined by a polygon of 14 sides. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between
Canes_Venatici
EQUATORIAL COORDINATE-SYSTEM
EQUATORIAL COORDINATE-SYSTEM
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Religion of Path; Way; Style; System; Way of Religion
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pranaali | பà¯à®°à®¨à®¾à®²à¯€
System, Organization
Pranaali | பà¯à®°à®¨à®¾à®²à¯€
Girl/Female
Hindu
System, Organization
Boy/Male
Hindu
To do something systematically, Optimum utilization of resources
Boy/Male
Hindu
Co-coordinator
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name from Middle English knyghte ‘knight’, Old English cniht ‘boy’, ‘youth’, ‘serving lad’. This word was used as a personal name before the Norman Conquest, and the surname may in part reflect a survival of this. It is also possible that in a few cases it represents a survival of the Old English sense into Middle English, as an occupational name for a domestic servant. In most cases, however, it clearly comes from the more exalted sense that the word achieved in the Middle Ages. In the feudal system introduced by the Normans the word was applied at first to a tenant bound to serve his lord as a mounted soldier. Hence it came to denote a man of some substance, since maintaining horses and armor was an expensive business. As feudal obligations became increasingly converted to monetary payments, the term lost its precise significance and came to denote an honorable estate conferred by the king on men of noble birth who had served him well. Knights in this last sense normally belonged to ancient noble families with distinguished family names of their own, so that the surname is more likely to have been applied to a servant in a knightly house or to someone who had played the part of a knight in a pageant or won the title in some contest of skill.Irish : part translation of Gaelic Mac an Ridire ‘son of the rider or knight’. See also McKnight.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Method; Organisation; System
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pranali | பà¯à®°à®£à®¾à®²à¯€
System, Organization
Pranali | பà¯à®°à®£à®¾à®²à¯€
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name from Middle English frankelin ‘franklin’, a technical term of the feudal system, from Anglo-Norman French franc ‘free’ (see Frank 2) + the Germanic suffix -ling. The status of the franklin varied somewhat according to time and place in medieval England; in general, he was a free man and a holder of fairly extensive areas of land, a gentleman ranked above the main body of minor freeholders but below a knight or a member of the nobility.The surname is also borne by Jews, in which case it represents an Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.In modern times, this has been used to Americanize François, the French form of Francis.The American statesman and scientist Benjamin Franklin (1706–90) was the son of Josiah Franklin, a chandler (dealer in soap and candles), who had emigrated in about 1682 from Ecton, Northamptonshire, to Boston, MA, where his son was born.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name for the head of a tithing, Old English tēoðingmann (from tēoðing ‘tithing’, a group of households, originally ten households, + mann ‘man’). According to the medieval system of frankpledge, every member of a tithing was responsible for every other, so that for example if one of them committed a crime the others had to help pay for it.English : from the Middle English, Old English personal name Tideman, composed of Old English tīd ‘time’, ‘season’ + mann ‘man’.Altered spelling of German Tittmann, a variant of Dittmann.
Girl/Female
Hindu
System, Organization
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Old Norse drengr ‘young man’, but with more than one possible interpretation. It may reflect the personal name (originally a byname) of this form, which had some currency in the most Scandinavian-influenced areas of medieval England. Alternatively it may reflect the Middle English borrowing of the vocabulary word in the sense ‘servant’, later a technical term of the feudal system of Northumbria for a free tenant who held land by military and agricultural service, sometimes paying rent as well or in commutation.
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Coordinator; Conveyor; Become a Leader
Boy/Male
Tamil
To do something systematically, Optimum utilization of resources
Boy/Male
Arabic
Broken Egg Shells (Celestial Trinary Star System in Constellation Eridanus)
Surname or Lastname
German
German : topographic name for someone who lived by an elder tree, Middle High German holder, or from a house named for its sign of an elder tree. In same areas, for example Alsace, the elder tree was believed to be the protector of a house.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Holder ‘elder tree’.English (chiefly western counties) : occupational name for a tender of animals, from an agent derivative of Middle English hold(en) ‘to guard or keep’ (Old English h(e)aldan). It is possible that this word was also used in the wider sense of a holder of land within the feudal system. Compare Helder.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Co-coordinator
Surname or Lastname
English (Yorkshire)
English (Yorkshire) : status name in the feudal system for a serf who had been freed.Jewish (American) : Americanized form of Friedmann (see Fried).
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : apparently a topographic name from Middle English furlong ‘length of a field’ (from Old English furh ‘furrow’ + lang ‘long’), the technical term for the block of strips owned by several different persons which formed the unit of cultivation in the medieval open-field system of farming, or a habitational name from a minor place named with this word, such as Furlong in Devon or Shropshire. The surname is now chiefly common in Ireland, where a family of this name settled at the end of the 13th century.Possibly an Americanized form of French Ferland.
Surname or Lastname
Irish (co. Cork)
Irish (co. Cork) : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Oitir ‘son of Oitir’, a personal name borrowed from Old Norse Óttarr, composed of the elements ótti ‘fear’, ‘dread’ + herr ‘army’.English : status name from Middle English cotter, a technical term in the feudal system for a serf or bond tenant who held a cottage by service rather than rent, from Old English cot ‘cottage’, ‘hut’ (see Coates) + -er agent suffix.Probably an Americanized spelling of German Kotter.
EQUATORIAL COORDINATE-SYSTEM
EQUATORIAL COORDINATE-SYSTEM
EQUATORIAL COORDINATE-SYSTEM
EQUATORIAL COORDINATE-SYSTEM
EQUATORIAL COORDINATE-SYSTEM
EQUATORIAL COORDINATE-SYSTEM
EQUATORIAL COORDINATE-SYSTEM