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Synthetic ultralight solid material
IUPAC definition aerogel: composed of a microporous solid in which the dispersed phase is a gas. (See Gold Book entry for note.) Aerogels are a class of
Aerogel
Boron nitride aerogel is an aerogel made of highly porous boron nitride (BN). It typically consists of a mixture of deformed boron nitride nanotubes and
Boron_nitride_aerogel
Refractory compound of boron and nitrogen with formula BN
chemically stable than a graphitic carbon structure. Boron nitride aerogel is an aerogel made of highly porous BN. It typically consists of a mixture of
Boron_nitride
Material used in US nuclear weapons
(UH3), and plutonium hydride. Arms experts believe that Fogbank is an aerogel material which acts as an interstage material in a nuclear warhead; i.e
Fogbank
Spacecraft mission
[citation needed] Aerogel is a silica-based porous solid with a sponge-like structure, 99.8% of whose volume is empty space. Aerogel has about 1/1000 of
Sample-return_mission
Chemical preparation for silica particles
insulators known as aerogels can also be prepared using Stöber methods, and Stöber techniques have been applied to prepare non-silica aerogel systems. Applying
Stöber_process
Gas used to create buoyancy in a balloon or aerostat
fills the pores of an aerogel's microstructure, so the apparent density of the aerogel is the sum of the densities of the aerogel material and the air
Lifting_gas
Sand- to boulder-sized particle of debris in the Solar System
Meteoroid embedded in aerogel; the meteoroid is 10 μm in diameter and its track is 1.5 mm long
Meteoroid
Oxide of silicon
synthetic product. Examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, opal, and aerogels. It is used in structural materials, microelectronics, and as components
Silicon_dioxide
Vehicle propelled fully or mostly by electricity
become a critical research area, with developments in ceramics, mica, aerogels, coatings, and phase change materials designed to prevent or delay thermal
Electric_vehicle
NASA sample-return mission to Comet 81P/Wild 2 (1999–2011)
are collected in ultra low density aerogel. The tennis racket-sized collector tray contained ninety blocks of aerogel, providing more than 1,000 square
Stardust_(spacecraft)
Natural objects that originated in outer space
Dust collector with aerogel blocks as used by the Stardust and Tanpopo missions.
Extraterrestrial_materials
Carbon dioxide above its critical point
carbon dioxide is used in the production of silica, carbon and metal based aerogels. For example, silicon dioxide gel is formed and then exposed to sCO 2.
Supercritical_carbon_dioxide
Least dense solid material
Aerographene or graphene aerogel is the least dense solid known to exist, at 160 g/m3 (0.0100 lb/cu ft; 0.16 mg/cm3; 4.3 oz/yd3). The material reportedly
Aerographene
Minimization of heat transfer
polyethylene aerogels that reduce solar absorption and parasitic heat gain which may improve the emitter's performance by over 20%. Other aerogels also exhibited
Thermal_insulation
List of desiccants: Activated alumina Aerogel Benzophenone (as anion) Bentonite clay Calcium chloride Calcium hydride Calcium oxide Calcium sulfate (Drierite)
List_of_desiccants
American specialty chemicals company
that allows continuous production of aerogels under ambient conditions, which was the start of the company’s Aerogel business. In 2009, Cabot completed
Cabot_Corporation
Canadian YouTuber
Hackaday reported on Braun extracting bismuth from pepto bismol, making aerogel, and making superconductors. In 2021, The A.V. Club and Newsweek reported
NileRed
Management strategy for global warming
potential for mass production include coatings, thin films, metafabrics, aerogels, and biodegradable surfaces. While typically white, other colors can also
Passive daytime radiative cooling
Passive_daytime_radiative_cooling
American chemical engineer (1900–1975)
American scientist and chemical engineer, best known as the inventor of aerogels, one of the lightest known solid materials. Kistler, the son of a shopkeeper
Steven_Kistler
Measure of how well an object, per unit of area, resists conductive flow of heat
area is 4 inches of softwood (R-value 5.6) and 90% is 2 inches of silica aerogel (R-value 20), the area-weighted U-value is 0.1/5.6 + 0.9/20 ≈ 0.0629 and
R-value_(insulation)
Substance formed when two or more constituents are physically combined
suspended in water Solid Gas Solution: hydrogen in metals Solid foam: aerogel, styrofoam, pumice Foam: dry sponge Liquid Solution: amalgam (mercury in
Mixture
Type of nuclear propulsion method with an ultra high specific-inpulse
study of an "Aerogel Core Fission Fragment Rocket Engine", where fissile fuel particles will be embedded in an ultra-low density aerogel matrix to achieve
Fission-fragment_rocket
Material to reduce heat transfer in structures
of Aerogels, the cost price of this material still remains at a high level. Only two companies in the United States offer the commercial Aerogel product
Building_insulation
Physics applied to chemical systems
Between the flame and the flower is aerogel, whose synthesis has been aided greatly by physical chemistry.
Physical_chemistry
Foam made from biological substances
biofoams. Aerogels are also being engineered to mirror the internal foam structures of animal hairs (see Figure 3). These biomimetic aerogels are being
Biofoam
silica-based aerogel mounted in aluminum cells. In order to spot impacts of interstellar dust, just over 700,000 individual fields of the aerogel will have
Stardust@home
High-capacity electrochemical capacitor
the gel has been replaced with a gas. Aerogel electrodes are made via pyrolysis of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels and are more conductive than most activated
Supercapacitor
Porous form of silicon dioxide
Conservation. ISBN 978-2-912743-00-8. Sabry F (16 January 2022). Aerogel: Want to Colonize Mars? Aerogel could help us farm and survive on Mars "in our lifetimes"
Silica_gel
manufactures Aerogel pipe sections, it is possible to wrap Aerogel blanket around pipework, allowing it to function as pipe insulation. The usage of Aerogel for
Pipe_insulation
solids with a density of less than 10 mg/cm3, including silica aerogels, carbon nanotube aerogels, aerographite, metallic foams, polymeric foams, and metallic
Ultralight_material
Research of materials
Potentially marginalized technologies Potential applications Related articles Aerogel Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses Traditional insulation
Materials_science
Silicon alkoxides are important precursors for the manufacture of silica-based aerogels. "Production of Silica Gels: Alkoxide Method". aerogel.org. v t e
Silicon_alkoxide
Ultrafine particles of silver between 1 nm and 100 nm in size
silver in the aerogel matrix (1% Ag). This better selectivity is believed to be a result of the higher monodispersity within the aerogel matrix of the
Silver_nanoparticle
Russian researcher
chemical physics of polymers, particularly bio-based polymers and bio-based aerogels. In 2020, she was awarded the CNRS Silver Medal. Budtova graduated in 1987
Tatiana_Budtova
Type of aerogel
Emulsion Agar gel) is one of a class of high-tech foam materials known as aerogels. It is an excellent thermal insulator and among the least dense solids
SEAgel
Property of materials which break into smaller pieces when rubbed
1 kg/L in density Clay tablets Crackers Mineral fibers Polyurethane (foam) Aerogel Friable and indurated are terms used commonly in soft-rock geology, especially
Friability
Process to remove liquid
microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), the drying of spices, the production of aerogel, the decaffeination of coffee and in the preparation of biological specimens
Supercritical_drying
Mixture of an insoluble substance microscopically dispersed throughout another substance
precipitates, solid biomolecular condensate Solid Solid foam Examples: aerogel, floating soap, styrofoam, pumice Gel Examples: agar, gelatin, jelly, gel-like
Colloid
Organic compound (H–CHO); simplest aldehyde
Chien-Tsung; Ro, Shih-Hung (May 10, 2005). "Nanocluster iron oxide-silica aerogel catalysts for methanol partial oxidation". Applied Catalysis A: General
Formaldehyde
Highly viscous liquid exhibiting a kind of semi-solid behavior
can be used as an extender including water (hydrogels), oil, and air (aerogel). Both by weight and volume, gels are mostly fluid in composition and thus
Gel
United States thermonuclear warhead
its precise nature is classified, Fogbank is believed to be a foam or aerogel material used in the weapon's interstage. The Komodo is a United States
W88
2015–18 ISS astrobiology experiment
mission, designed and performed by Japan, used ultra-low density silica gel (aerogel) to collect cosmic dust by, which is being analyzed for amino acid-related
Tanpopo_mission
Method for producing solid materials from small molecules
shape (e.g., to obtain monolithic ceramics, glasses, fibers, membranes, aerogels), or used to synthesize powders (e.g., microspheres, nanospheres). The
Sol–gel_process
Chemical compound
coatings for carpets and other objects. TEOS is used in the production of aerogel. These applications exploit the reactivity of the Si-OR bonds. TEOS has
Tetraethyl_orthosilicate
Thickening agent used in microbiology and food
medium Radial immunodiffusion – Laboratory technique SEAgel – Type of aerogel Tokoroten – Seaweed-based Japanese dish Shimamura, Natsu (August 4, 2010)
Agar
Mass per unit volume
Hydrogen 0.0898 Helium 0.179 Aerographite 0.2 Metallic microlattice 0.9 Aerogel 1.0 Air 1.2 At sea level Tungsten hexafluoride 12.4 One of the heaviest
Density
Type of rechargeable battery
Gurlo, Aleksander (2020). "Polymer-Derived SiOC Integrated with a Graphene Aerogel as a Highly Stable Li-Ion Battery Anode". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Lithium-ion_battery
Class of membrane-less organelles within biological cells
crystals, solid biomolecular condensates Solid Solid foam Examples: aerogel, styrofoam, pumice Gel Examples: agar, gelatin, jelly, gel-like biomolecular
Biomolecular_condensate
Soft, siliceous sedimentary rock
formerly harmless amorphous silicon dioxide to assume its crystalline form. Aerogel – Synthetic ultralight solid material Biomineralization – Process by which
Diatomaceous_earth
Proposed astrobiology mission
need to identify them. The 15-year LIFE mission would use a 'Tanpopo' aerogel collector similar to the one NASA used in the Stardust sample return mission
Life Investigation For Enceladus
Life_Investigation_For_Enceladus
Material composed of nanosized cellulose fibrils
to prepare pure nanocellulose aerogels applying various freeze-drying and super critical CO 2 drying techniques. Aerogels and foams can be used as porous
Nanocellulose
this interstage material, which may be code-named Fogbank, might be an aerogel, possibly doped with beryllium and/or other substances. The interstage
Nuclear_weapon_design
with a density of 2-10 × 10−3 g/cm3 (0.0012 lb/ft3) and is similar to an aerogel. Other remarkable physical properties include the large surface area of
Carbon_nanofoam
Carbon-oxygen gas
some dry cleaners for this reason. It is used in the preparation of some aerogels because of the properties of supercritical carbon dioxide. Liquid and solid
Carbon_dioxide
2005 science fiction novel by Charles Stross
Colorless green ideas sleep furiously A Dyson sphere and its variants Aerogel Accelerando won the 2006 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel, and
Accelerando
Capacity of a material to conduct heat
extruded polystyrene (popularly referred to as "styrofoam") and silica aerogel, as well as warm clothes. Natural, biological insulators such as fur and
Thermal conductivity and resistivity
Thermal_conductivity_and_resistivity
Indian national space and aeronautics agency
sectors. Examples include bionic limbs for people without limbs, silica aerogel to keep Indian soldiers serving in extremely cold areas warm, distress
ISRO
Removal of salts from water
a membrane created via co-axial electrospinning of PVDF-HFP and silica aerogel was able to filter 99.99% of salt after continuous 30-day usage. The leading
Desalination
Multi-stage fusion-fission nuclear weapon
an unclassified codename. Fogbank's composition is classified, though aerogel has been suggested as a possibility. It was first used in thermonuclear
Thermonuclear_weapon
containing a significant population of pores with diameters less than 100 nm. Aerogels are one example of nanofoam. Metallic nanofoams are a subcategorization
Nanofoam
Flame-resistant meta-aramid material
also wore these suits." Aramid Gore-Tex Kevlar Marlan PET film Silica Aerogel Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment Twaron Vectran Mera, Hiroshi; Takata, Tadahiko
Nomex
Urban large-scale air purifier
Software-defined radio Three-dimensional integrated circuit Materials science Aerogel Amorphous metal Artificial muscle Conductive polymer Femtotechnology Fullerene
Smog_tower
Property in optics
solids and liquids have refractive indices above 1.3, with aerogel as the clear exception. Aerogel is a very low density solid that can be produced with refractive
Refractive_index
Ultra-light metallic material
any known solid. The previous record of 1.0 mg/cm3 was held by silica aerogels, and aerographite is claimed to have a density of 0.2 mg/cm3. Mechanically
Metallic_microlattice
Pollution around Earth by defunct artificial objects
Ion Beam Shepherd has been made, and other proposals use a foamy ball of aerogel or a spray of water, inflatable balloons, electrodynamic tethers, electroadhesion
Space_debris
High-energy-density electrical storage device
carbon aerogel with 2–50 nm pores, providing high surface area and room for the battery electrolyte to diffuse. The researchers pyrolized the aerogel to 1
Zinc–air_battery
Electronic component
Supercapacitors store large amounts of energy. Supercapacitors made from carbon aerogel, carbon nanotubes, or highly porous electrode materials, offer extremely
Capacitor
Form of carbon with an extremely high surface area
400 sq ft), with 3,000 m2 (32,000 sq ft) being readily achievable. Carbon aerogels, while more expensive, have even higher surface areas, and are used in
Activated_carbon
Hypothetical modification of Mars into an Earth-like habitable planet
terraforming of Mars. A JPL-Harvard team has shown that insulating silica aerogel can enable local Martian habitability via the solid-state greenhouse effect
Terraforming_of_Mars
Swedish tennis player (born 1975)
Pro Revelation racquet 'paintjobbed' to look like the current Dunlop 4D Aerogel 500 racquet. (W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist;
Thomas_Johansson
Type of flight system
rubber and ferroelectric modified lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) and silica aerogel. Plasma actuator Ionocraft Lightcraft Magnetohydrodynamic drive Greenemeier
Wingless Electromagnetic Air Vehicle
Wingless_Electromagnetic_Air_Vehicle
(ft2·°F·h/BTU) Vacuum insulated panel 2.54 1 5.28–8.8 14–66 208–346 Silica aerogel 2.54 1 1.76 10.3 69 Polyurethane rigid panel (CFC/HCFC-expanded) initial
List_of_insulation_materials
the third game, Komol set the pace with a 66-point QAT. Komol had bingos AEROGEL, SEITENS and ORDINAnT while Nigel clawed back with yARNERS and a 75-point
Scrabble Champions Tournament 2013
Scrabble_Champions_Tournament_2013
Group ABG US Ashford Hospitality Trust AHT US Ashland Inc. ASH US Aspen Aerogels ASPN US Associated Banc-Corp ASB US Assurant AIZ US Assured Guaranty AGO
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (A)
Companies_listed_on_the_New_York_Stock_Exchange_(A)
Atmospheric electrical phenomenon
lightning lifetimes often reported. Smirnov proposed (1987) a fractal aerogel hypothesis. M. I. Zelikin proposed (2006) an explanation (with a rigorous
Ball_lightning
First NASA Mars rover on Mars Pathfinder mission
gaps between facesheets were filled with blocks of aerogel that worked as thermal insulation. The aerogel used on the Sojourner had a density of approximately
Sojourner_(rover)
Chemical compound
structure not only in organic solvents but also in supercritical fluids, aerogels, and lipid bilayers. These studies have helped elucidate the impact of
Mefenamic_acid
Dust floating in space
the dust instrument on Stardust captured particles intact in low-density aerogel. Dust detectors in the past flew on the HEOS 2, Helios, Pioneer 10, Pioneer
Cosmic_dust
NASA mission to explore Mars via two rovers
operate only when necessary. A sputtered gold film and a layer of silica aerogel are used for insulation. The rover has an X band low-gain and an X band
Mars_Exploration_Rover
Research institute in Novosibirsk, Russia
and algae and produces nanotubes. The institute produces aerogels, including a multilayer aerogel for measuring the velocity of elementary particles. Институт
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
Boreskov_Institute_of_Catalysis
Manufactured rigid thermal insulation product
panel. A panel of a rigid, highly-porous material, such as fumed silica, aerogel, perlite, or glass fiber, to support the membrane walls against atmospheric
Vacuum_insulated_panel
Materials engineered to have properties that have not yet been found in nature
girders. Materials four orders of magnitude stiffer than conventional aerogel, but with the same density have been created. Such materials can withstand
Metamaterial
Polymer-based, crosslinked hydrogel particle
barriers within the body. Nanogels are not to be confused with nanogel aerogel, a lightweight thermal insulator, or with nanocomposite hydrogels (NC gels)
Nanogel
2014 nonfiction book by Mark Miodownik
plastics, carbon fiber), and a few relatively new inventions (graphene, aerogels). He includes a chapter on chocolate due in large part to his own obsession
Stuff_Matters
U.S. military defense program (1984–1993)
Other spin-offs include research on advanced materials like SEAgel and Aerogel, the Electron-Beam Ion Trap facility for physics research, and techniques
Strategic_Defense_Initiative
X-ray 3D imaging method
correspondence which employed letterlocking. Locating stardust-like particles in aerogel using X-ray techniques Samples returned from asteroid 25143 Itokawa by
X-ray_microtomography
American materials physicist
known for her research on nanostructures, including quasicrystals and aerogel, and on the materials that make up comets and cosmic dust. She pioneered
Rhonda_Stroud
Properties : Silica Aerogels". Archived from the original on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014. Thermal Properties - Silica Aerogels www.goodfellow
List of thermal conductivities
List_of_thermal_conductivities
Plastic
Cuikun; Zhao, Bo; Duncan, R. V. (2026-08-01). "Production of low-density aerogel nuclear fuels for use in fission fragment rockets and novel reactor design"
CR-39
Concept car developed by Cadillac
motorsport company Prodrive. The Cien's monocoque chassis and body are made of aerogel composite and equipped with active aero. Its design was inspired by the
Cadillac_Cien
Thin layer of liquid in a superfluid state
way is to have a highly porous material such as porous gold, Vycor, or Aerogel. This results in a multiply connected film where the substrate is much
Superfluid_film
Researchers demonstrated a graphene-oxide-based aerogel that could reduce noise by up to 16 decibels. The aerogel weighed 2.1 kilograms per cubic metre (0.13 lb/cu ft)
Potential applications of graphene
Potential_applications_of_graphene
of Technology. His research primarily centers around the utilization of aerogel in space exploration. Tsou has served as the principal investigator (PI)
Peter_Tsou
supercapacitors. Some examples of PCs are graphene and carbon nanotube-based aerogel. Physical properties that make PCs unique are their low density, high conductivity
Porous_carbon
Particle with size less than 100 nm
process may yield other nanoscale structures of the same material, such as aerogels and other porous networks. The nanoparticles formed by this method are
Nanoparticle
superconductivity, magnetic compounds, highly porous materials including aerogels, porous glasses and cements. He has developed specialized acoustic techniques
William_Halperin
Dutch multinational company which creates paints and performance coating
a 2-layer coating system (both layers are water-based and low-VOC): An aerogel mid-coat that features low thermal conductivity that blocks heat from penetrating
AkzoNobel
Type of aerogel
A chalcogel or properly metal chalcogenide aerogel is an aerogel made from chalcogenides. Chalcogels preferentially absorb heavy metals, such as mercury
Chalcogel
Czech tennis player (born 1985)
the 2010 season, he was sponsored by Dunlop Sport and used the Dunlop Aerogel 4D 200. In January 2013, it was announced that Berdych had signed a partnership
Tomáš_Berdych
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