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Decommissioned nuclear reactor in Tennessee, US
The X-10 Graphite Reactor is a decommissioned nuclear reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Formerly known as the Clinton
X-10_Graphite_Reactor
Type of nuclear reactor
"Graphite reactor" directs here. For the graphite reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, see X-10 Graphite Reactor. A graphite-moderated reactor is
Graphite-moderated_reactor
Graphite used as a reflector or moderator within a nuclear reactor
Nuclear graphite is any grade of graphite, usually synthetic graphite, manufactured for use as a moderator or reflector within a nuclear reactor. Graphite is
Nuclear_graphite
Topics referred to by the same term
automation products X-10, a code name for the Metallurgical Project X-10 Graphite Reactor, one of the world's first nuclear reactors Sony Ericsson Xperia
X10
Research reactor at Brookhaven National Laboratory, US
Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor (BGRR) was a research reactor located at Brookhaven National Laboratory, a United States Department of Energy national
Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor
Brookhaven_Graphite_Research_Reactor
Type of nuclear reactor, CO2 or He cooled
A gas-cooled reactor (GCR) is a nuclear reactor that uses graphite as a neutron moderator and a gas (carbon dioxide or helium in extant designs) as coolant
Gas-cooled_reactor
World War II Allied nuclear weapons program
separation plant operated as a true pilot. The X-10 Graphite Reactor consisted of a huge block of graphite, 24 feet (7.3 m) per side, weighing around 1
Manhattan_Project
First industrial-scale nuclear reactor
reactor was graphite moderated and water-cooled, via a contaminating open cycle with the Columbia River. It was preceded by Clinton Laboratory's X-10
B_Reactor
Maker of steam powered toys based in US
power generated electricity was produced in September 1948 with the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where among
Jensen_Steam_Engines
Type of Soviet nuclear power reactor
reactor") is a class of graphite-moderated nuclear power reactor designed and built by the Soviet Union. It is somewhat like a boiling water reactor as
RBMK
Breeder reactor in Idaho, US
electricity produced by a nuclear reactor occurred during an experiment 3 years earlier in September 1948 at the X-10 Graphite Reactor at the Oak Ridge National
Experimental Breeder Reactor I
Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_I
Type of nuclear reactor that operates at high temperatures as part of normal operation
gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) is a type of gas-cooled nuclear reactor which uses uranium fuel and graphite moderation to produce very high reactor core output
High-temperature gas-cooled reactor
High-temperature_gas-cooled_reactor
Manhattan Project uranium enrichment facility
project. The X-10 Graphite Reactor was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor after Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile-1 and was the first reactor designed
Clinton_Engineer_Works
The light water graphite reactor (LWGR) is a design of nuclear reactor that uses purified graphite as a neutron moderator and light water (H2O) as a liquid
Light_water_graphite_reactor
Nuclear reactor, Oak Ridge 1965–1969
non-breeding) reactor operating at 10 MWth or less, with heat rejection to the air via a secondary (fuel-free) salt. The pyrolytic graphite core, grade
Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment
Molten-Salt_Reactor_Experiment
American physicist (1892–1962)
reactor, which went critical on December 2, 1942. The Metallurgical Laboratory was also responsible for the design and operation of the X-10 Graphite
Arthur_Compton
Feasibility experiment for aircraft nuclear propulsion
The Aircraft Reactor Experiment (ARE) was an experimental nuclear reactor designed to test the feasibility of fluid-fuel, high-temperature, high-power-density
Aircraft_Reactor_Experiment
American supercomputer
Laboratory - Leadership Computing Facility. Archived from the original on March 10, 2018. "DOE Under Secretary for Science Dabbar's Exascale Update". insideHPC
Frontier_(supercomputer)
Federal research center in Tennessee, US
National Laboratory, was completed. The site was chosen for the X-10 Graphite Reactor, used to produce plutonium from natural uranium. Enrico Fermi and
Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory
Nuclear energy extracted from thorium isotopes
cyclotron. During the Manhattan Project, after the construction of the X-10 Graphite Reactor, Seaborg quickly realized the potential of uranium-233 as a fissile
Thorium-based_nuclear_power
the X-10 Graphite Reactor. Like these, it was also natural uranium-fuelled, graphite-moderated. It was the world's first materials testing reactor. Specifically
305_Test_Pile
Type of very-high-temperature reactor
A pebble-bed reactor (PBR) is a type of nuclear reactor where the nuclear fuel is contained within a bed of pyrolytic graphite spheres (pebbles), with
Pebble-bed_reactor
Italian-American physicist (1901–1954)
reaction. He was on hand when the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, went critical in 1943, and when the B Reactor at the Hanford Site did so the
Enrico_Fermi
Nuclear research reactor in Moscow, Russia
world's oldest operating reactor. The fuel in F-1 is metallic uranium with the natural content of the 235 U isotope (0.72%), graphite as a moderator, and cadmium
F-1_(nuclear_reactor)
Topics referred to by the same term
energy projects X-10 Graphite Reactor, on the Oak Ridge National Laboratory campus, built during World War II and the first reactor designed and built
Oak_Ridge_nuclear_facility
Former air-cooled graphite-moderated nuclear reactors
The Windscale Piles were two air-cooled graphite-moderated nuclear reactors on the Windscale nuclear site in Cumberland (now known as Sellafield site
Windscale_Piles
Type of nuclear reactor
weapons program focused on heavy water piles as their path to a reactor, discounting graphite on erroneous measurements of Walther Bothe. This culminated
Heavy-water_reactor
Laboratory at the University of Chicago
Laboratory also designed the X-10 Graphite Reactor at the Clinton Engineer Works in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and the B Reactor at the Hanford Engineer Works
Metallurgical_Laboratory
Nuclear research reactor in Oak Ridge, Tennessee
detection limits commonly in fractions of PPM. Reactor-based NAA was first done at the X-10 Graphite Reactor. The PT-1 facility was installed at HFIR in
High_Flux_Isotope_Reactor
First industrial-scale reactor in the Soviet Union
nuclear reactor to go critical in the Soviet Union, and the first geographically situated in Asia. It was designed as a light water-cooled, graphite-moderated
A-1_(nuclear_reactor)
American research company
School of Reactor Technology ORACLE Spallation Neutron Source UT–Battelle Battelle Memorial Institute University of Tennessee X-10 Graphite Reactor Products
UT–Battelle
Chemical element with atomic number 94 (Pu)
National Laboratory, LANL. The first production reactor that made 239Pu was the X-10 Graphite Reactor. It went online in 1943 and was built at a facility
Plutonium
Nuclear reactor where the coolant is liquid metal
fast reactor. It can also be used as a coolant in a thermal reactor when paired with a separate moderator such as graphite, as in a Sodium Graphite Reactor
Liquid_metal_cooled_reactor
Educational institution in Oak Ridge, Tennessee
School of Reactor Technology ORACLE Spallation Neutron Source UT–Battelle Battelle Memorial Institute University of Tennessee X-10 Graphite Reactor Products
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
Oak_Ridge_Institute_for_Science_and_Education
Type of nuclear fission reactor
various reactor types, including generation IV, thermal-neutron reactors, fast-neutron reactors, molten salt reactor, and gas-cooled reactor models. Many
Small_modular_reactor
World's first human-made nuclear reactor
continued the P-9 heavy water production program. An air-cooled reactor, the X-10 Graphite Reactor, was built at the Clinton Engineer Works in Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Chicago_Pile-1
Secret laboratory established by the Manhattan Project
third reactor in the world to do so, the first two being the Chicago Pile-1 reactor at the Metallurgical Laboratory and the X-10 Graphite Reactor at the
Project_Y
Nuclear reactor where fast neutrons maintain a fission chain reaction
water or graphite that are much less likely to absorb neutrons, allowing them to run on natural uranium fuel. See CANDU, X-10 Graphite Reactor. In either
Fast-neutron_reactor
Type of nuclear reactor
The UNGG (Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz) is an obsolete nuclear power reactor design developed in France. It was graphite moderated, cooled by carbon dioxide
UNGG_reactor
miniature neutron source reactor light water subcritical reactor (LWSCR) heavy water zero power reactor (HWZPR) graphite subcritical reactor (GSCR) Arak – IR-40
List of nuclear research reactors
List_of_nuclear_research_reactors
Nuclear weapon (development abandoned)
manufactured in the X-10 Graphite Reactor at the Clinton Engineer Works in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, or when they became available, the reactors at the Hanford
Thin_Man_(nuclear_bomb)
U.S. atomic bomb type used at Nagasaki, 1945
Group at Los Alamos on the newly reactor-produced plutonium from the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge and the B Reactor at the Hanford Site showed that
Fat_Man
American nuclear engineer
nuclear reactor to generate a sustained chain reaction. AGOT graphite was also used to build the X-10 graphite reactor in Oak Ridge TN and the reactors at
Herbert_G._MacPherson
Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
received the first samples of plutonium produced from a nuclear reactor, the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Clinton Engineer Works in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Analyzing
Little_Boy
Type of British nuclear reactor
Kingdom. These are the second generation of British gas-cooled reactors, using graphite as the neutron moderator and carbon dioxide as coolant. They have
Advanced_gas-cooled_reactor
Early computer built by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory
laboratory began surveying available computer designs for its nuclear-aircraft reactor calculations and other scientific work. Householder visited Howard Aiken's
ORACLE_(computer)
American theoretical physicist (1904–1967)
the first sample of plutonium from the X-10 Graphite Reactor in April 1944, a problem was discovered: reactor-bred plutonium had a higher concentration
J._Robert_Oppenheimer
Accelerator-based neutron source in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, US
Neutron scattering NPDGamma experiment Coherent Collaboration Subcritical reactor Nuclear transmutation "most powerful pulsed spallation source". Guinness
Spallation_Neutron_Source
fuel elements and inserted into graphite blocks. For a 10 MWe plant, there are 57 of these graphite blocks in the reactor. The refueling period is six to
List of small modular reactor designs
List_of_small_modular_reactor_designs
College in Tennessee, United States
nuclear reactor designs including the first graphite reactor, pool reactor, high temperature gas reactor, molten salt reactor, fast reactor and high
Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology
Oak_Ridge_School_of_Reactor_Technology
successful criticality and graphite moderator choice of Chicago Pile-1 eight months prior. On November 4, the X-10 Graphite Reactor achieves criticality at
Timeline_of_nuclear_power
Type of nuclear reactor
A pressurized water reactor (PWR) is a type of light-water nuclear reactor. PWRs are the most common type of nuclear power reactor, representing almost
Pressurized_water_reactor
Computing facility
School of Reactor Technology ORACLE Spallation Neutron Source UT–Battelle Battelle Memorial Institute University of Tennessee X-10 Graphite Reactor Products
Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility
Oak_Ridge_Leadership_Computing_Facility
Isotope of plutonium
Los Alamos for theoretical work there. The world's second reactor, the X-10 Graphite Reactor built at a secret site at Oak Ridge, would be fully operational
Plutonium-238
Type of nuclear reactor that uses molten material as fuel
The liquid fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR; often pronounced lifter) is a type of molten salt reactor. LFTRs use the thorium fuel cycle with a fluoride-based
Liquid fluoride thorium reactor
Liquid_fluoride_thorium_reactor
Software tool for parallel networking of computers
School of Reactor Technology ORACLE Spallation Neutron Source UT–Battelle Battelle Memorial Institute University of Tennessee X-10 Graphite Reactor Products
Parallel_Virtual_Machine
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
material (PFM) in a commercial reactor. Ceramic materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) have similar issues like graphite. Tritium retention in silicon
Fusion_power
Material fuelling nuclear reactors
a long history of use, stretching from the X-10 Graphite Reactor in 1943 to many test and research reactors. Pure uranium or plutonium metal can be used
Nuclear_fuel
Material in core during nuclear meltdown
days. The molten corium settled in the bottom of the reactor shaft, forming a layer of graphite debris on its top. Eight days after the meltdown the melt
Corium_(nuclear_reactor)
Crystalline form of carbon
foundries (10%), and lubricants (5%), among others (17%). Graphite converts to diamond under extremely high pressure and temperature. Graphite's low cost
Graphite
First detonation of a nuclear weapon
quantities bred in a reactor. In April 1944, Los Alamos physicist Emilio Segrè discovered that plutonium produced by the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Clinton Engineer
Trinity_(nuclear_test)
Subject of radiation experiment (1887–1966)
specifically for the manufacture of nuclear weapons. In November 1943, the X-10 Graphite Reactor at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory began producing significant
Albert_Stevens
American physicist (1902–1984)
continuously operating reactor, the Clinton Pile, later known as the X-10 Graphite Reactor, first went critical. With his background in X-ray diffraction, Wollan
Ernest_O._Wollan
Naturally occurring uranium self-sustaining nuclear chain reactions
uranium is only 0.72%. A natural nuclear reactor is therefore no longer possible on Earth without heavy water or graphite. The Oklo uranium ore deposits are
Natural nuclear fission reactor
Natural_nuclear_fission_reactor
New nuclear reactor technologies under development
very-high-temperature reactor (VHTR) uses a graphite-moderated core with a once-through uranium fuel cycle, using helium or molten salt. This reactor design envisions
Generation_IV_reactor
Field of physics dealing with nuclear reactors
water, graphite, or zirconium hydride, and fitted with mechanisms such as control rods which control the rate of the reaction. In a nuclear reactor, the
Nuclear_reactor_physics
American applied science and technology development company
fuel rod – Battelle developed the first nuclear fuel rods for nuclear reactors, including the first nuclear submarine, the USS Nautilus (SSN-571), as
Battelle_Memorial_Institute
Nuclear reactor design
nuclear program likewise used graphite as a moderator and ultimately developed the graphite-moderated RBMK as a reactor capable of producing both large
Pressurized heavy-water reactor
Pressurized_heavy-water_reactor
Type of nuclear fuel
into a graphite matrix to form spherical or cylindrical fuel elements. Historically, TRISO has been used in high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs)
TRISO_fuel
Nuclear power system
The Steam Generating Heavy Water Reactor (SGHWR) was a United Kingdom design for commercial nuclear reactors. It uses heavy water as the neutron moderator
Steam-Generating Heavy Water Reactor
Steam-Generating_Heavy_Water_Reactor
Chemical element with atomic number 92 (U)
world. The X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, formerly known as the Clinton Pile and X-10 Pile, was
Uranium
Public university in Knoxville, Tennessee, US
among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". On September 10, 1794, two years before Tennessee became a state and at a meeting of the legislature
University_of_Tennessee
Applied science
artificial nuclear reactor, the X-10 Graphite Reactor, was also a part of the Manhattan Project, as were the plutonium-producing reactors of the Hanford Engineer
Nuclear_engineering
Device for controlled nuclear reactions
fuel type, enrichment, or burnup, and the now-obsolete Light water graphite reactor. During early 1940s nuclear research, the phrase "atomic pile" was
Nuclear_reactor
Proposed nuclear power plant design
nuclear reactor is a design of a molten salt reactor with a graphite moderator, currently proposed by the US-based ThorCon company. These nuclear reactors are
ThorCon_nuclear_reactor
Nuclear reactor where water boils in core
A boiling water reactor (BWR) is a type of nuclear reactor used for the generation of electrical power. It is the second most common type of electricity-generating
Boiling_water_reactor
Type of nuclear reactor cooled by a gas
projects have all used thermal designs with graphite moderators. As such, no true gas-cooled fast reactor design has ever been brought to criticality
Gas-cooled_fast_reactor
Type of nuclear reactor that uses normal water
undergo a sustained chain reaction using graphite or heavy water as a moderator. While the world's first reactors (CP-1, X10 etc.) were successfully reaching
Light-water_reactor
Nuclear power plant design
acts as the primary coolant for the reactor. The IMSR is a thermal-neutron reactor moderated by vertical graphite elements. The molten salt fuel-coolant
Integral_Molten_Salt_Reactor
British nuclear weapons research during WW2
Metallurgical Laboratory's research reactors at Argonne and the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge, but not from the production reactors at the Hanford Site; nor
Tube_Alloys
Chemical element with atomic number 6 (C)
233C. doi:10.1098/rsta.1993.0017. S2CID 202574625. Delhaes, P. (2001). Graphite and Precursors. CRC Press. ISBN 978-90-5699-228-6. Lee, C.; Wei, X.; Kysar
Carbon
Canadian heavy water nuclear reactor design
CANDU (Canada deuterium uranium) is a Canadian pressurized heavy-water reactor design used to generate electric power. The acronym refers to its deuterium
CANDU_reactor
US/Russian design concept ~1997 - never built
Framatome, and Japanese Fuji Electric. It is a helium-cooled, graphite-moderated reactor and uses TRISO fuel compacts in a prismatic core design. The power
Gas turbine modular helium reactor
Gas_turbine_modular_helium_reactor
People involved in the nuclear accident
the scram, the reactor underwent a power excursion, rising to 520 MW (thermal). As the control rods dropped into the core, the graphite displacers that
Individual involvement in the Chernobyl disaster
Individual_involvement_in_the_Chernobyl_disaster
American nuclear technology company
Kaleidos reactors use zirconium hydride embedded within graphite blocks as their neutron moderator, allowing for highly compact design. The reactor uses inert
Radiant_Nuclear
Nuclear power plant in North Ayrshire, Scotland
of the reactors at the plant following routine inspections which began in August 2014. Two of about 3,000 graphite bricks in the core of reactor four at
Hunterston B nuclear power station
Hunterston_B_nuclear_power_station
U.S. Department of Energy reservation in South Carolina
built the plutonium production complex at the Hanford Site and the X-10 graphite reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It had left Hanford at its own
Savannah_River_Plant
92-proton element with the same mix of isotopes as found in nature, i.e. unenriched
both low- and high-power nuclear reactors. Historically, graphite-moderated reactors and heavy water-moderated reactors have been fueled with natural uranium
Natural_uranium
Science research center
Spallation Neutron Source, and the recently upgraded High Flux Isotope Reactor. Synthesis science, also called “science-driven synthesis,” facilitated
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
Center_for_Nanophase_Materials_Sciences
German nuclear reactor test facility
atomic pile, such as the high-purity graphite bricks, are said to have been reused in the first French nuclear reactor ZOÉ. The scientists from the two Kaiser
Haigerloch_atomic_pile
Proposed fission reactor design
two-salt reactor (where blanket is separated from core, which involves graphite-tube manufacturing/sealing complications). Like all molten salt reactors, its
Fuji_Molten_Salt_Reactor
techniques for continuous reactor operation, plutonium production and separation were developed at the X-10 Graphite Reactor pilot plant in Oak Ridge from
History_of_nuclear_weapons
Former American nuclear production complex
for evidence in the Chicago Pile-3 reactor at Argonne and Richard L. Doan to investigate with the X-10 Graphite Reactor at the Clinton Engineer Works. Doan
Hanford_Engineer_Works
American nuclear energy company
labs. Unlike other MSRs, Kairos Power's reactor uses solid fuel. TRISO particles are encased in annular graphite fuel pebbles that are buoyant in the molten
Kairos_Power
Nuclear physicist (1906–2000)
half-life close to that, but had not been detected in Argonne or by the X-10 Graphite Reactor in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Zinn quickly brought Chicago Pile-3 up
Walter_Zinn
Adahi covers 900 acres (360 ha) on Lookout Mountain in Georgia and includes 10 acres (4.0 ha) lake. It was acquired in 1965. Former camps: Camp Sky-Wa-Mo
Scouting_in_Tennessee
Third-generation pressurised water nuclear reactor design
In Europe, this reactor design was called European Pressurised Reactor, and the internationalised name was Evolutionary Power Reactor, but it has been
EPR_(nuclear_reactor)
Lead-cooled reactor family designed in Russia
Teplonositelem, 'Naturally Safe Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor') is a generation IV lead-cooled fast nuclear reactor. BREST-300 model is under construction since
BREST_(reactor)
Canadian member. October 10: Construction begins for the first reactor at the Hanford Site. November 4: X-10 Graphite Reactor goes critical at Oak Ridge
Timeline of the Manhattan Project
Timeline_of_the_Manhattan_Project
British physicist (1897–1967)
report that uranium oxide had been found in the vicinity of the X-10 Graphite Reactor in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Because it was decided to fit them after
John_Cockcroft
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