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Solid (crystalline) phase of electrons
A Wigner crystal is the solid (crystalline) phase of electrons first predicted by Eugene Wigner in 1934. A gas of electrons moving in a uniform, inert
Wigner_crystal
Primitive cell of crystal lattices with Voronoi decomposition applied
The Wigner–Seitz cell, named after Eugene Wigner and Frederick Seitz, is a primitive cell which has been constructed by applying Voronoi decomposition
Wigner–Seitz_cell
Hungarian-American physicist and mathematician (1902–1995)
Polynomial Wigner–Ville distribution Relativistic Breit–Wigner distribution Thomas–Wigner rotation Wigner crystal Wigner D-matrix Wigner effect Wigner energy
Eugene_Wigner
Physics term for multiple concepts
plasma, Rydberg matter, Rydberg polaron, photonic matter, Wigner crystal, superfluid and time crystal but whose properties are entirely within the realm of
Exotic_matter
Physical model of solid metals as electron gases
so-called Wigner crystal, in which the single-particle orbitals are of approximately Gaussian form centered on crystal lattice sites. Once a Wigner crystal has
Jellium
Dislocation of atoms in a solid caused by neutron radiation
The Wigner effect (named for its discoverer, Eugene Wigner), also known as the discomposition effect or Wigner's disease, is the displacement of atoms
Wigner_effect
The Wigner–Seitz radius r s {\displaystyle r_{\rm {s}}} , named after Eugene Wigner and Frederick Seitz, is the radius of a sphere whose volume is equal
Wigner–Seitz_radius
quasi-probability distribution Wigner's friend Wigner's theorem Wigner crystal Wigner D-matrix Wigner effect Wigner energy Wigner lattice Wigner poisoning, Xe-135
List of things named after Eugene Wigner
List_of_things_named_after_Eugene_Wigner
Ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material
Seed crystal – a small piece of a single crystal used to initiate growth of a larger crystal Wigner–Seitz cell – a primitive cell of a crystal lattice
Crystal_structure
temperature and pressure, present properties of both a solid and liquid. Wigner crystal: a crystalline phase of low-density electrons. Hexatic state, a state
List_of_states_of_matter
Quantum bit
A. (2001-10-05). "Observation of Dynamical Ordering in a Confined Wigner Crystal". Physical Review Letters. 87 (17) 176802. Bibcode:2001PhRvL..87q6802G
Electron-on-helium_qubit
South Korean-born American chemist and physicist
studied correlated electron phases, including the formation of bilayer Wigner crystals in transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. Park has also
Hongkun_Park
07664 [math-ph]. Lewin, M.; Lieb, E.H.; Seiringer, R. (2019). "Floating Wigner crystal with no boundary charge fluctuations". Phys. Rev. B. 100 (3) 035127
Lieb–Oxford_inequality
Topological bound state of an electron
Pfeiffer, L. N.; West, K. W. (2015-08-24). "Transport of a sliding Wigner crystal in the four flux composite fermion regime". Physical Review B. 92 (7)
Composite_fermion
Physicist
involves theoretical quantum mechanics, including quantum optics, Wigner crystals, laser cooling, and ultracold atoms. Beyond fundamental physics, she
Giovanna_Morigi
American physicist (1906–1937)
physics by Eugene Wigner, and explored the breakdown from cubic to rhombic symmetry. She has been referred to as a pioneer of crystal field theory. Her
Amelia_Frank
Extremely accurate clock in development
laser. Campbell, C. J.; Radnaev, A. G.; Kuzmich, A. (2 June 2011). "Wigner crystals of 229Th for optical excitation of the nuclear isomer". Physical Review
Nuclear_clock
Simplified model in condensed matter physics
reduces electron tunneling across supercells. They can be used to form Wigner crystals. Electrodes can be attached to regulate an electric field. The electric
Hubbard_model
Repeating unit formed by the vectors spanning the points of a lattice
more than one lattice point. Wigner–Seitz cell Bravais lattice Wallpaper group Space group In n dimensions the crystal translation vector would be T
Unit_cell
Koulakov, A. A.; Shklovskii, B. I. (1998). "Charging spectrum of a small Wigner crystal island". Philosophical Magazine B. 77 (5): 1235–1247. arXiv:cond-mat/9705030
Alexei_Koulakov
Primitive cell in the reciprocal space lattice of crystals
reciprocal space. In the same way the Bravais lattice is divided up into Wigner–Seitz cells in the real lattice, the reciprocal lattice is broken up into
Brillouin_zone
Wigner's classification Wigner's friend Wigner's theorem Wigner 3-j symbols Wigner crystal Wigner effect Wigner quasiprobability distribution Wigner–Eckart
Index_of_physics_articles_(W)
Quantum mechanical state change
first calculated by Victor Weisskopf and Eugene Wigner in 1930 in a landmark paper. The Weisskopf-Wigner calculation remains the standard approach to spontaneous
Spontaneous_emission
Condensed matter science prize presented in Japan
Keio University "Experimental study of the transport phenomena in the Wigner crystal phase of electrons on super fluid 3He." 2002 Ichiro Terasaki (寺崎 一郎)
Sir_Martin_Wood_Prize
German theoretical physicist
such as complex plasmas, strongly coupled quantum systems, including Wigner crystals and warm dense matter, as well as laser excitation of atoms, solids
Michael_Bonitz
Plasma with excess charge density
D. J. (1995-12-04). "Long-Range Order in Laser-Cooled, Atomic-Ion Wigner Crystals Observed by Bragg Scattering". Physical Review Letters. 75 (23). American
Non-neutral_plasma
Type of point defect in a crystal lattice
of the site occupations in a crystal lattice leading to point defects named after Walter H. Schottky. In ionic crystals, this defect forms when oppositely
Schottky_defect
Bending of electron beams due to electrostatic interactions with matter
dots would be atoms in a small crystal, see also note. Note the strong dependence on the relative orientation of the crystal and the incoming wave. Close
Electron_diffraction
Mathematical tool in quantum physics
also be realized in phase space. Under the Wigner map, the density matrix transforms into the equivalent Wigner function, W ( x , p ) = d e f 1 π ℏ ∫
Density_matrix
Special state of wave and quantum systems in physics
continuum. Bound states in the continuum were first predicted in 1929 by Eugene Wigner and John von Neumann. Two potentials were described, in which BICs appear
Bound_state_in_the_continuum
History of chemical crystallography to 1895
observation using a goniometer, a microscope, and reference to crystal classes, tables of crystal angles, axial ratios, and the ratio between molecular weight
Chemical crystallography before X-rays
Chemical_crystallography_before_X-rays
1956 nuclear physics experiment on weak force parity conservation
Wolf Prize. The modern concept of parity was developed in 1927 when Eugene Wigner formalized the principle of the conservation of parity (P-conservation)
Wu_experiment
Fourier transform of a real-space lattice, important in solid-state physics
covariant and contravariant vectors, respectively. The Brillouin zone is a Wigner–Seitz cell of the reciprocal lattice. Reciprocal space (also called k-space)
Reciprocal_lattice
Wave packet that is nonstationary and nonspreading
and are used to create new states of matter including ionic liquids, Wigner crystals and Bose–Einstein condensates. This ability to manipulate the quantum
Trojan_wave_packet
Computational materials scientist and condensed-matter physicist
crystals—clarifying hydrodynamic regimes and momentum-conserving scattering within the phonon Boltzmann equation. They later derived, from the Wigner
Nicola_Marzari
Archimedean solid with 14 faces
as the Wigner–Seitz cell of a sodium. The background for this discovery dates back to Eugene Wigner and Frederick Seitz's proposal on the Wigner–Seitz
Truncated_octahedron
Regularity in sensory qualia or abstract ideas
611. PMID 17840903. Retrieved 2024-08-11. The author attributes Eugene Wigner for the claim for the "unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics," a partial
Pattern
German–American physicist (1906–1972)
shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with J. Hans D. Jensen and Eugene Wigner. One half of the prize was awarded jointly to Goeppert Mayer and Jensen
Maria_Goeppert_Mayer
French physicist (1889–1969)
crystal lattice, he introduced the concept of Brillouin zones in 1930. Quantum mechanical perturbations techniques by Brillouin and by Eugene Wigner resulted
Léon_Brillouin
Crystallographic defect in which atoms are displaced from their spots in the structure
crystal structure. The diagrams below are schematic two-dimensional representations. Deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) Schottky defect Wigner effect
Frenkel_defect
Quantum states light can be in
Quantum states such as those in Fig. 1 (a) to (e) are often displayed as Wigner functions, which are quasi-probability density distributions. Two orthogonal
Squeezed_states_of_light
Formula for temperature dependence of rates of chemical reactions
the "transition state theory" of chemical reactions, formulated by Eugene Wigner, Henry Eyring, Michael Polanyi and M. G. Evans in the 1930s. The Eyring
Arrhenius_equation
German–British physicist (1882–1970)
Friedrich Hund, Wolfgang Pauli, Léon Rosenfeld, Edward Teller, and Eugene Wigner. In January 1933, when the Nazi Party came to power in Germany, Born, who
Max_Born
German catalysis research institute
James Franck, Paul Friedlander, Rudolf Ladenburg, Michael Polanyi, Eugene Wigner, Ladislaus Farkas, Hartmut Kallmann, Otto Hahn, Robert Havemann, Karl Friedrich
Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society
Fritz_Haber_Institute_of_the_Max_Planck_Society
Law of crystallography
crystallography concerning crystal structure. The law states that "when referred to three intersecting axes all faces occurring on a crystal can be described by
Law_of_rational_indices
Sri Lankan condensed matter physicist
diamond anvil cell. This state of hydrogen was originally predicted by Eugene Wigner and Hillard Bell Huntington in 1935, since which scientists have been trying
Ranga_Dias_(physicist)
Experiment verifying the wave-particle duality of matter
Western Electric (later Bell Labs). Electrons, scattered by the surface of a crystal of nickel metal, displayed a diffraction pattern. This confirmed the hypothesis
Davisson–Germer_experiment
Branch of physics
nitrogen and hydrogen do not possess metallic properties. Physicists Eugene Wigner and Hillard Bell Huntington predicted in 1935 that a state metallic hydrogen
Condensed_matter_physics
Type of energy
model showed why the density of conduction electrons (as represented by the Wigner–Seitz radius rs) is an important parameter in determining work function
Work_function
Crystallographic defect of atoms within gaps in a lattice
even lead to severe accidents in certain old types of nuclear reactors (Wigner effect). The high-energy states can be released by annealing. At least in
Interstitial_defect
Pseudoscience claiming to build on quantum mechanics
dissociated". In his 1961 paper "Remarks on the mind–body question", Eugene Wigner suggested that a conscious observer played a fundamental role in quantum
Quantum_mysticism
American academic administrator and physicist (1911–2008)
study metals under Eugene Wigner, gaining his PhD in 1934. He and Wigner pioneered one of the first quantum theories of crystals, and developed concepts
Frederick_Seitz
Physics experiment
predictions of quantum mechanics. As inspirations, the paper mentions Eugene Wigner's focus on the measurement problem, conversations with Willis Lamb, and John
Quantum_eraser_experiment
Description of the orientation of a rigid body
the x′ axis, γ (or ψ) represents a rotation around the z″ axis. Examples: Wigner uses a ZX′Z′ order to define the Euler angles. Hirschfelder et al. use a
Euler_angles
American astrophysicist (1915–2005)
Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago, where he worked with Eugene Wigner on the design of nuclear reactors. In 1944 he moved to the Manhattan Project's
Philip_Morrison
Type of nuclear fusion that occurs at high densities & low temperatures
zero-point oscillations of nuclei around their equilibrium point bound in their crystal lattice. In quantum physics, the phenomenon can be interpreted as overlap
Pycnonuclear_fusion
Type of quantum state
the Wigner quasi-probability distribution. The intensity of the light wave, its coherent excitation, is given by the displacement of the Wigner distribution
Squeezed_coherent_state
Swiss physicist (1911–1983)
at the University of Basel in 1935. He worked with Professor Eugene P. Wigner as a post-doc exchange student at Princeton in the academic year 1936/1937
Gregory_Wannier
German-American physicist
binding energies of protons and neutrons in heavy radioactive nuclei. Eugene Wigner, J. Hans D. Jensen and Maria Goeppert-Mayer received the Nobel in 1963 for
Walter_M._Elsasser
History of crystallography to 1895
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895. The scientific approach to the study of crystals began in the 17th century with the work of Kepler on the structure of snowflakes
History of crystallography before X-rays
History_of_crystallography_before_X-rays
Chemical element with atomic number 6 (C)
applications where graphite is used as a neutron moderator, accumulation of Wigner energy followed by a sudden, spontaneous release may occur. Annealing to
Carbon
Public university in Berlin, Germany
Westphal (1882–1978), physicist Eugene Wigner (1902–1995), Hungarian-American physicist, discovered the Wigner-Ville-distribution, Nobel Prize winner
Technische_Universität_Berlin
Number of atoms, molecules or ions bonded to a molecule or crystal
coordination number, also called ligancy, of a central atom in a molecule or crystal is the number of atoms, molecules or ions bonded to it. The ion/molecule/atom
Coordination_number
Differential equation solution
YjZlYmExLTE3NTgxMTY4MDc5NTkwLTAwMDA4YTg0OGQ1MTQ1NGRlYTgxMCJ9 "Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory in open electromagnetic systems". EPL (Europhysics Letters)
Quasinormal_mode
Type of plane partition
rise to many familiar tessellations. The corresponding cells are known as Wigner–Seitz cells. A 2D lattice gives an irregular honeycomb tessellation, with
Voronoi_diagram
Interaction between electrons, often complicating physical calculations
by Löwdin. The concept of the correlation energy was studied earlier by Wigner. A certain amount of electron correlation is already considered within the
Electronic_correlation
Symmetry breaking through the vacuum state
initial symmetry (which would keep it invariant, in the linearly realized Wigner mode in which it would be a singlet), and, instead changes under the (hidden)
Spontaneous_symmetry_breaking
Process in quantum computing
In a different direction, using an encoding corresponding to the Jordan-Wigner mapped Majorana zero modes of a Kitaev chain, researchers were able to perform
Quantum_error_correction
Reconstruction of quantum states based on measurements
transformed into the density matrix and/or the Wigner function. Since the density matrix and the Wigner function give information about the quantum state
Quantum_tomography
American physicist (1908–1991)
student, Bardeen studied mathematics and physics. Under the physicist Eugene Wigner, he wrote his thesis on a problem in solid-state physics. Before completing
John_Bardeen
Theory in physical chemistry
(physics) Bert Broer Otto Laporte Giulio Racah John Hasbrouck Van Vleck Eugene Wigner Brian Garner Wybourne Walsh, Brian M. "Chapter 21: Judd-Ofelt theory: Principles
Judd–Ofelt_theory
theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium." 1963 Eugene Paul Wigner United States "For his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus
List of Nobel laureates in Physics
List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics
German physicist (1901–1976)
Pauli 1930, as cited in Mott & Peierls 1977, p. 243 Kursunoglu, Behram N.; Wigner, Eugene P. (26 April 1990). Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac: Reminiscences about
Werner_Heisenberg
Interplay between observation, experiment, and theory in science
2420250407. ISSN 0046-2772. Wigner, Eugene Paul (1967). Symmetries and reflections. Indiana University Press. p. 15. : Wigner also differentiates between
Scientific_method
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics Schrödinger picture Wigner quasiprobability distribution This rule for obtaining probabilities from
Schrödinger_equation
Physical quantity
Model. The Frontiers Collection. Springer. p. 245. ISBN 978-3-030-12878-4. Wigner, E. P. (1997). "On the Time–Energy Uncertainty Relation". In Wightman, Arthur
Energy
American physicist (1898–1988)
Francis Wheeler Loomis, John von Neumann, John Slater, Leó Szilárd and Eugene Wigner. On March 26, 1929, Rabi received an offer of a lectureship from Columbia
Isidor_Rabi
Use of mathematical groups in magnetochemistry
Wigner describes in detail how SU(2) arises as a double cover of SO(3), following Hermann Weyl. Referring to a 1928 article of von Neumann and Wigner
Finite_subgroups_of_SU(2)
Reaction that combines atomic nuclei
pyroelectric crystal". Nature. 434 (7037): 1115–1117. Bibcode:2005Natur.434.1115N. doi:10.1038/nature03575. PMID 15858570. S2CID 4407334. UCLA Crystal Fusion
Nuclear_fusion
Elementary particle with negative charge
equation treats the electron as a point charge, but the equivalent Newton–Wigner form does not. In quantum field theory mathematical treatments of self-energy
Electron
History of geometrical crystallography to 1895
the study of crystal form and the mathematical representation of crystal structure. It includes the atomism and dynamism theories of crystal structure,
Geometrical crystallography before X-rays
Geometrical_crystallography_before_X-rays
Concept in molecular modelling
part of the space. In general dimension, unit cell can be viewed as the Wigner-Seitz cell of certain lattice packing. For example, the hypercubic periodic
Periodic_boundary_conditions
Method of microscopic imaging
for performing this inverse phase-retrieval calculation, including direct Wigner distribution deconvolution (WDD) and iterative methods. The difference map
Ptychography
Property of a thermodynamic system
value of the entropy, we consider the third law of thermodynamics: perfect crystals at the absolute zero have an entropy S = 0 {\textstyle S=0} . From a macroscopic
Entropy
Symmetry of molecules of chemical compounds
symmetric "crystal fields" resulting from surrounding charges and this work was extended to his study of ligand field theory in 1929. Eugene Wigner used group
Molecular_symmetry
German physicist (1879–1960)
in Physics in 1914 "for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals." In addition to his scientific endeavors with contributions in optics
Max_von_Laue
(Web 2.0) Whitten effect (menstruation) Wien effect (electrochemistry) Wigner effect (condensed matter physics) (nuclear technology) (physical phenomena)
List_of_effects
axes between nucleus A and its neighboring nuclei (cf. the Wigner–Seitz cells in crystals). The Voronoi cell of atom A is therefore the region of space
Voronoi_deformation_density
Ordered mesophases in soft materials mimicking complex alloy structures
Voronoi tessellation, which partitions the space into polyhedral cells (Wigner–Seitz cells). For example, the A15 phase (space group P m 3 ¯ n {\displaystyle
Frank-Kasper phases (soft matter)
Frank-Kasper_phases_(soft_matter)
Branch of mathematics that studies abstract algebraic structures
through the analysis of representations of the Poincaré group by Eugene Wigner. One of the pioneers in constructing a general theory of unitary representations
Representation_theory
Method for observing interactions between molecules and surfaces
function than the differential. Thermal desorption is described by the Polanyi–Wigner equation derived from the Arrhenius equation. r ( σ ) = − d σ d t = v (
Thermal desorption spectroscopy
Thermal_desorption_spectroscopy
Tensor operator generalizes the notion of operators which are scalars and vectors
2018-01-07 at the Wayback Machine (2009) Tensor Operators and the Wigner Eckart Theorem The Wigner-Eckart theorem (2004) Rotational Transformations and Spherical
Tensor_operator
Penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation
had no charge. In 1914, gamma rays were observed to be reflected from crystal surfaces, proving that they were electromagnetic radiation. Rutherford
Gamma_ray
Italian-American physicist (1901–1954)
towards further research at Columbia. Later that year, Szilárd, Eugene Wigner, and Edward Teller sent the letter signed by Einstein to US president Franklin
Enrico_Fermi
Type of very-high-temperature reactor
operated above the 250 °C (482 °F) annealing temperature of graphite, so that Wigner energy does not accumulate. This solves a problem discovered in the Windscale
Pebble-bed_reactor
Crystallography journal
diffraction and scattering of X-rays, electrons, and neutrons, determination of crystal structure of inorganic and organic substances, including proteins and other
Kristallografija
are described in the following subsections. The Wigner transport equation forms the basis for the Wigner-based quantum correction.[citation needed] ∂ f
Monte Carlo methods for electron transport
Monte_Carlo_methods_for_electron_transport
Physical quantity carried in photons
a decomposition is well-defined for massive particles using the Newton–Wigner position operator and related constructions, analogous definitions for massless
Angular_momentum_of_light
Prediction in nuclear physics
in nature. Various studies utilizing accelerator mass spectroscopy and crystal scintillators have reported upper limits of the natural abundance of such
Island_of_stability
Force resulting from the quantisation of a field
surrounding the nucleon. A "pseudo-Casimir" effect can be found in liquid crystal systems, where the boundary conditions imposed through anchoring by rigid
Casimir_effect
WIGNER CRYSTAL
WIGNER CRYSTAL
Surname or Lastname
English (Norfolk)
English (Norfolk) : unexplained.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Wiener.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, Danish, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English, German, Danish, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Wild.Thomas Wilder is recorded as a freeman of Charlestown, MA, in 1640. He had numerous prominent descendents.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a carter, from an agent derivative of Old English wagen ‘cart’, ‘wagon’.Americanized form of German Wagner.
Boy/Male
Anglo, Australian, British, English, Jamaican
Year; Winter
Surname or Lastname
English (Norfolk)
English (Norfolk) : unexplained.In some instances probably an Americanized form of German and Jewish Schwinger, or German Zwinger, a nickname from Middle High German zwinger ‘oppressor’.
Surname or Lastname
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
English, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from Middle English, Middle High German, Yiddish finger (modern German Finger), probably applied as a nickname for a man who had some peculiarity of the fingers, such as possessing a supernumerary one or having lost one or more of them through injury, or for someone who was small in stature or considered insignificant. As a Jewish name, it can also be an ornamental name.
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Christian, English, Jamaican
Season Name; Born in Winter; Winter; Snowy
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (Ashkenazic)
Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name for a cantor in a synagogue, from Yiddish zinger ‘singer’.English : variant of Sanger 2, in fact a Middle English recoinage from the verb sing(en) ‘to sing’.German : variant of Sänger (see Sanger 1) in the sense of ‘poet’.Isaac Merrit Singer, inventor of the eponymous sewing machine, was born in 1811 in Pittstown, NY, the son of German immigrant Adam Reisinger. He had five wives and fathered 24 children. Singer, who incorporated his company as the Singer Manufacturing Company in 1864, left a fortune worth $13 million to his various heirs.
Male
English
 English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the German personal name Wilmar, WILMER means "desires fame."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old English personal name WinegÄr, composed of the elements wine ‘friend’ + gÄr ‘spear’.German : habitational name from any of several places in Alsace (now part of France) named Wingen.Swedish : ornamental name from ving(e) ‘wing’ + the agentive suffix -er.
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin) and North German
English (of Norman origin) and North German : from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements war(in) ‘guard’ + heri, hari ‘army’. The name was introduced into England by the Normans in the form Warnier.English (of Norman origin) : reduced form of Warrener (see Warren 2).Irish (Cork) : Anglicization of Gaelic Ó Murnáin (see Murnane), found in medieval records as Iwarrynane, from a genitive or plural form of the name, in which m is lenited.The name Warner was brought from England to MA independently by several different bearers in the first half of the 17th century and subsequently. Andrew Warner came from England to Cambridge, MA, in or before 1632; William Warner was in Ipswich, MA, by 1637; and John Warner was one of the settlers in Hartford, CT, in 1635.
Female
English
English pet form of Latin Virginia, GINGER means "maiden, virgin." Sometimes also given as a spice name.
Boy/Male
German
Wagon maker.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the German personal name Werner, WARNER means "Warin warrior," i.e. "covered warrior."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Latin, Swedish
Pure; Virgin; Plant whose Red Root is Used as a Spice; Pep; Liveliness; Ginger Plant; Spring-like; Flourishing
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a winder of wool, from an agent derivative of Middle English winde(n) ‘to wind’ (Old English windan ‘to go’, ‘to proceed’). The verb was also used in the Middle Ages of various weaving and plaiting processes, so that in some cases the name may have referred to a basket or hurdle maker.English : habitational name from any of the various minor places in northern England so called, from Old English vindr ‘wind’ + erg ‘hut’, ‘shelter’, i.e. a shelter against the wind.English : John Winder is recorded in Somerset Co., MD, in 1665. William Henry Winder, born in the county in 1775, was blamed for the military defeat that led to the British burning of Washington, DC, in 1814; his son John Henry Winder (b. 1800) was a confederate general who was commander of southern military prisons.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : variant spelling of Biggar.English : occupational name for a builder, from Middle English bigger ‘(house) builder’, an agent derivative of bigge(n) ‘to build’ (from Old Norse byggja).
Boy/Male
Danish, Dutch, German
Wagon Driver; Wagon Maker
Female
English
English name derived from the season name, "winter." The word may derive from Proto-Indo-European *wind-, WINTER means "white."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a wagoner or carter, Middle English wayner, an agent derivative of Old English wæg(e)n, wæn ‘cart’.Variant of German Wagner in Slavic-speaking regions.German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Weiner.
WIGNER CRYSTAL
WIGNER CRYSTAL
WIGNER CRYSTAL
WIGNER CRYSTAL
WIGNER CRYSTAL
WIGNER CRYSTAL
WIGNER CRYSTAL
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