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Split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417
The Western Schism, also known as the Great Divide, the Great Occidental Schism, the Schism of 1378, or the Great Western Schism (Latin: Magnum schisma
Western_Schism
Break of communion between the Western and Eastern churches
The East–West Schism, also known as the Great Schism or the Schism of 1054, is the break of communion between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox
East–West_Schism
Division between people in an organization or group
A schism (/ˈsɪzəm, ˈskɪz-/ SIZ-əm, SKIZ-, or (less commonly) /ˈʃɪzəm/ SHIZ-əm) is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization, movement
Schism
Italian bishop and Pisan antipope from 1410 to 1415
November 1419) was Pisan antipope as John XXIII (1410–1415) during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church today regards him as an antipope in opposition
Antipope_John_XXIII
In Christianity, a schism occurs when a single religious body divides and becomes two separate religious bodies. The split can be violent or nonviolent
List of schisms in Christianity
List_of_schisms_in_Christianity
Topics referred to by the same term
Catholic Church, beginning in 1054 Western Schism, a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 Schism, a division between people, usually
Great_Schism
Book of biographies of popes
(1362–1370) to Pope Martin V (1417–1431), encompassing the period of the Western Schism. A later recension of this continuation was expanded under Pope Eugene
Liber_Pontificalis
List of bishops of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sion: Bishops of Agaunum (Octodurum) loyal to Avignon loyal to Rome Zenhäusern, Gregor. "Sion (diocèse)"
List_of_bishops_of_Sion
Position in the Catholic Church
College of Cardinals, separated into three groups to account for the Western Schism, which ended after the Council of Constance. The earliest attested reference
Dean of the College of Cardinals
Dean_of_the_College_of_Cardinals
Instability in 14th–15th century Europe
and the Bulgarian–Ottoman wars. The Catholic Church underwent the Western Schism, and the Holy Roman Empire lost much of its central authority following
Crisis of the late Middle Ages
Crisis_of_the_late_Middle_Ages
Roman Catholic diocese in Italy
by Pope Gregory XI. He sided with the obedience of Avignon in the Great Schism. He died on 8 November 1392. Cappelletti I, p. 473. Eubel I, pp. 21, no
Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri–Segni
Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Velletri–Segni
Valencian Dominican friar (1350–1419)
supporting Antipope Benedict XIII during the Western Schism, Ferrer travelled to preach across Western Europe and the British Isles. His preaching has
Vincent_Ferrer
Period during which the Pope lived in Avignon, France (1309–1376)
referred to as the "Western Schism" or "the great controversy of the antipopes" by some Catholic scholars and "the second great schism" by many secular and
Avignon_Papacy
Resignation of the pope of the Catholic Church
renunciation. Gregory XII (1406–1415) resigned in 1415 in order to end the Western Schism, which had reached the point where there were three claimants to the
Papal_renunciation
Queen of Naples from 1343 to 1381
undermined her position with the Holy See; moreover afterwards, during the Western Schism, she chose to support the Avignon Papacy against Pope Urban VI, who
Joanna_I_of_Naples
influence in the High Middle Ages, but with the Avignon Papacy and the Western Schism, the city of Rome was reduced to irrelevance, its population falling
History_of_Rome
Period of European history between AD 1300 and 1500
the unity of the Catholic Church was temporarily shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively, those events are sometimes called the crisis of the late
Late_Middle_Ages
Resolution of the Western Schism
ecumenical council convened in the Holy Roman Empire. The council ended the Western Schism by deposing or accepting the resignation of the remaining papal claimants
Council_of_Constance
Council of Pisa (1409) were reversed in 1963 in a reinterpretation of the Western Schism, extending Gregory XII's pontificate to 1415 and classifying rival claimants
List_of_popes
claims. The East-West Schism, or Great Schism, separated the Church into Western (Latin) and Eastern (Greek) branches, i.e., Western Catholicism and Eastern
Christianity in the Middle Ages
Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages
Archive of the Holy See
in 1314, 1319, and 1320. Antipopes also had their own archives. The Western Schism saw two sets of papal archives being developed simultaneously; this
Vatican_Apostolic_Archive
to Rome after the Avignon Papacy was followed by the Western Schism: the division of the Western Church between two and, for a time, three competing papal
History_of_the_papacy
14th-century plague pandemic
the time, Pope Clement VI resided in present-day Avignon during the Western Schism, and issued his condemnations of the Jewish persecutions during the
Black_Death_in_France
Head of the Catholic Church from 1406 to 1415
Catholic Church from 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415. Reigning during the Western Schism, he was opposed by the Avignon claimant Benedict XIII and the Pisan
Pope_Gregory_XII
Palace in Pyrénées-Orientales, France
Antipope Benedict XIII to resign his office and bring an end to the Western Schism through the Council of Constance. On 20 September 1415, the Emperor
Palace of the Kings of Majorca
Palace_of_the_Kings_of_Majorca
Topics referred to by the same term
Church; sometimes called The Great Schism Western Schism (1378–1417), a split within the Roman Catholic Church Schism of 1552 (1552), a split within the
Schism_(disambiguation)
among western monks played a part in the Renaissance of the 12th century and the later Scientific Revolution. In the 14th century, the Western Schism and
History_of_Christianity
Period of papal history (1417–1500s)
The Renaissance period in papal history was between the Western Schism and the Reformation. From the election of Pope Martin V of the Council of Constance
Papacy_during_the_Renaissance
King of England from 1413 to 1422
strict orthodoxy, crushing the Lollard movement and helping to end the Western Schism at the Council of Constance. His later fame has rested above all on
Henry_V_of_England
Papal claimant from 1409 to 1410 (c. 1339 – 1410)
was a claimant to papacy elected by the Council of Pisa during the Western Schism (1378–1417). He reigned briefly from 26 June 1409 to his death in 1410
Antipope_Alexander_V
Head of the Catholic Church from 1404 to 1406
the Western Schism (1378–1417), and was opposed by the Avignon claimant Benedict XIII. Despite good intentions, he did little to end the schism, owing
Pope_Innocent_VII
French mystic
the Gasque, was a French mystic who was active during the time of the Western Schism. Robine's hometown was Héchac, near Soublecause in what is now Hautes-Pyrénées
Marie_Robine
Head of the Catholic Church from 1370 to 1378
Avignon, in modern-day France. His death was swiftly followed by the Western Schism involving two Avignon-based antipopes. Pierre Roger de Beaufort was
Pope_Gregory_XI
14th- to 16th-century Catholic movement
even if opposed by, the pope. The movement emerged in response to the Western Schism between rival popes in Rome and Avignon. It was proposed that both popes
Conciliarism
Calendar year
split within the Catholic Church becomes known as the Western Schism, also known as the Great Schism. France, Aragon, Castile and León, Cyprus, Burgundy
1378
Latin Catholic diocese in Italy
The Diocese of Suelli (Latin: Dioecesis Suellitana) was a Roman Catholic diocese, whose episcopal seat was located in the town of Suelli in the Province
Roman Catholic Diocese of Suelli
Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Suelli
Agreements ending the Western Schism
the aftermath of the Council of Constance (1414–18) that ended the Western Schism. The French and German concordats were signed on 15 April 1418, the
Concordats_of_Constance
Roman Catholic diocese in Rome, Italy
O.S.B. 1373–1377 Bertrand Lagier, 1378 (sided with Avignon in the Great Schism) Philippe of Alençon, 1388–1397 (also Cardinal-bishop of Sabina, 1380–1388)
Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia
Suburbicarian_Diocese_of_Ostia
Topics referred to by the same term
Rome–Constantinople schism may refer to: Rome–Constantinople schism of 484, also known in Western sources as the Acacian Schism Rome–Constantinople schism of 863,
Rome–Constantinople_schism
Calendar year
a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. January 12 – Western Schism: King Charles VI of France sends a letter to the Antipope Benedict XIII
1408
Head of the Catholic Church from 1417 to 1431
1417 to his death in February 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism of 1378–1417. As of 2026, he remains the last pope to have taken the
Pope_Martin_V
Italian jurist and canon lawyer
the most prominent defender of Pope Urban VI at the outbreak of the Western Schism. John was born in Legnano. He was a doctor utriusque iuris, in both
John_of_Legnano
French Catholic bishop, cardinal and blessed
as well as for his dedication to the faithful and tried to end the Western Schism that pitted pope against antipope and rulers against rulers. His efforts
Pierre_de_Luxembourg
Antipope from 1378 to 1394
first antipope residing in Avignon, France. His election led to the Western Schism. The son of Count Amadeus III of Geneva, Robert became archbishop of
Antipope_Clement_VII
Amedeo di Saluzzo (1361 – 28 June 1419) was a cardinal during the Western Schism. He was born as the second son of Frederick II, Marquess of Saluzzo and
Amedeo_di_Saluzzo
14th century saw major developments in Christianity, including the Western Schism, the decline of the Crusades, and the appearance of precursors to Protestantism
Christianity in the 14th century
Christianity_in_the_14th_century
Roman Catholic diocese in France (? - c. 1790/1801)
The Diocese of Bazas, centred on Bazas in Aquitaine, covered the Bazadais region, known under the Romans as the Vasatensis pagus after the ancient occupants
Ancient_Diocese_of_Bazas
Antipope from 1394 to 1423
nobleman who was antipope with the regnal name Benedict XIII during the Western Schism. Pedro Martínez de Luna was born at Illueca, Kingdom of Aragon (part
Antipope_Benedict_XIII
Head of the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1389
marked by immense conflict between rival factions as a part of the Western Schism, with much of Europe, such as France, the Iberian Kingdoms of Castile
Pope_Urban_VI
European history from the 5th to 15th centuries
Christian church with the East–West Schism of 1054. The Crusades, first preached in 1095, were military attempts by Western European Christians to regain control
Middle_Ages
1257–1281 Orvieto, 1262–1297 Perugia, 1228–1304 Avignon Papacy (1309–1378) Western Schism (1378–1417) Early Modern and Modern Era Papacy during the Renaissance
List of popes who died violently
List_of_popes_who_died_violently
French dynastic war from 1407 to 1435
the Hundred Years' War against the English and overlapped with the Western Schism of the papacy. The leaders of both parties were closely related to the
Armagnac–Burgundian_Civil_War
Uncanonical Cardinals appointed by antipopes
Western Schism, and some of the cardinals switched their obedience. The legitimacy of the popes of the different obediences during the Western Schism
Pseudocardinal
1415 document regarding papal supremacy
in those matters which pertain to the faith, the eradication of the said schism and the general reform of the said church of God in head and members.
Haec_sancta_synodus
2013 resignation of the pope
the office since Gregory XII quit the papacy in 1415 to help end the Western Schism. All other popes in the modern era have held the position from election
Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI
Resignation_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI
Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. "The Universal Church and Schisms". Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Midlands, U.K. "Two natures of Christ
List_of_Christian_heresies
Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
of cardinals appointed by Pope Martin V upon the conclusion of the Western Schism. His intellect and diplomacy made him a powerful agent first as part
Julian_Cesarini
1409 decree by King Wenceslaus IV
Wenceslaus to take a neutral attitude between the two rival popes in the Western Schism. Wenceslaus himself hoped for support of a new Pope to regain the German
Decree_of_Kutná_Hora
Cooperation between Christian denominations
Catholic Church separated from them, instigating a rift in Western Christianity. This schism created the Mainline Protestant churches, including especially
Ecumenism
Conflict between the papacy and Holy Roman Empire
which forced the Pope to resettle to Avignon and later escalated in the Western Schism and Italian Wars. In the 12th century, following the Gregorian Reform
Clash between the Church and the Empire
Clash_between_the_Church_and_the_Empire
planned Council of Pisa, which was organised to end the long-continued Western Schism. The French King not only withdrew obedience and undertook neutrality
Council_of_Perpignan
factions of the Roman nobility. The Avignon papacy, followed by the Western Schism, weakened the papacy's authority when there were two popes between 1378
Medieval_Restorationism
French scholar, educator, reformer and poet (1363–1429)
in reforming the university studies, maturing plans for overcoming the schism (a task which after 1404 absorbed all his energies), and in the evening
Jean_Gerson
1409 ecumenical council of the Catholic Church
1409. It attempted to end the Western Schism by deposing both Benedict XIII (Avignon) and Gregory XII (Rome) for schism and manifest heresy. The College
Council_of_Pisa
Split between the patriarchates of Constantinople and Moscow
The 2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism is an ongoing schism between the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC, also known as the Moscow Patriarchate) and the Ecumenical
2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism
2018_Moscow–Constantinople_schism
One hundred years, from 1401 to 1500
papacy was split in two parts in Europe for decades (the so-called Western Schism), until the Council of Constance. The division of the Catholic Church
15th_century
French monk and cardinal of aristocratic origins
origins who became a cardinal of the Avignon Obedience during the Great Schism, as well as the Archbishop of Arles and the Chamberlain of the Apostolic
Pierre_de_Murat_de_Cros
Schism (484–519) between Eastern and Western Christianity
The Acacian schism, between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches, lasted 35 years, from 484 to 519. It resulted from a drift in the leaders of Eastern
Acacian_schism
Head of the Catholic Church
Various Antipopes challenged papal authority, especially during the Western Schism (1378–1417). It came to a close when the Council of Constance, at the
Pope
the religious orders were the Black Death (1346–1353) and the Great Western Schism (1378–1417). Calls for reform were not new. The observant movement is
Observantism
Subregion of the European continent
the East–West Schism divided Christianity into Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity. This split Europe in two, with Western Europe primarily
Western_Europe
Ephesus, who held that Rome continued in both heresy and schism. It seemed that the Great Schism had been ended. However, upon their return, the Eastern
Christianity in the 15th century
Christianity_in_the_15th_century
Head of the Catholic Church from 1389 to 1404
his death, in October 1404. He was the second Roman pope during the Western Schism. In this time, the Avignon claimants, Clement VII and Benedict XIII
Pope_Boniface_IX
French polymath (1623–1662)
Bernard of Clairvaux Late Middle Ages Thomas Aquinas Pope Boniface VIII Western Schism Avignon Papacy Pope Clement V Council of Vienne Knights Templar Catherine
Blaise_Pascal
Associations of Italian scholars
the Italian Renaissance, at the height of which (from the end of the Western Schism in 1417 to the mid-16th century) the two main intellectual centers were
Roman_academies
a name assumed by one of the pseudo-prophets during the time of the Western Schism. As an pseudonymous author of a Latin work Liber de magnis tribulationibus
Telesphorus_of_Cosenza
King of Hungary and Croatia from 1342 to 1382
religious during the last years of his life. At the beginning of the Western Schism, he acknowledged Urban VI as the legitimate pope. After Urban deposed
Louis_I_of_Hungary
German Dominican theologian and writer
prominence in medieval history is due partly to the share he took in the Western Schism, but chiefly to his involving himself in the long-standing disputes
John_of_Falkenberg
the Crown of Castile met in Medina del Campo to discuss the ongoing Western Schism and decide which claimant to the papacy Castile should support. This
Assembly_of_Medina_del_Campo
Roman prelate
in Velabro from 1371 until his death shortly after the start of the Western Schism. A member of the Orsini family, Giacomo was born around 1350. His mother
Giacomo_Orsini_(cardinal)
Glasgow in Scotland and an anti-cardinal of the Avignon Papacy during the Western Schism. Wardlaw was the son of a Sir Henry Wardlaw of Torry, a middling knight
Walter_Wardlaw
Religious category of the Latin Church, Protestantism, and their derivatives
disagreement over doctrine and ecclesiology and ultimately to schism. Like Eastern Christianity, Western Christianity traces its roots directly to the apostles
Western_Christianity
Christian church based in Rome
the eastern and western halves of the Roman Empire, when he established the state church of the Roman Empire. Since the East–West Schism of 1054, the Eastern
Catholic_Church
opposed the evangelical secession around George Baring (1781–1854), the "western Schism". He was the only son of the Rev. Thomas Biddulph by his first wife
Thomas_Tregenna_Biddulph
Contentious reginal numbers of popes named John
older works. During the Western Schism, there were two claimants to the papacy. The Council of Pisa (1409) tried to end the schism by electing Alexander
Pope_John_numbering
West in order to put an end to the Meletian schism in Antioch. The council of 553 inaugurated the Schism of the Three Chapters, that for a century and
Councils_of_Aquileia
16th-century movement in Western Christianity
summarised in the Nicene Creed in 325. Its western text contained a unilateral addition which contributed to the schism between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
Reformation
King of England from 1377 to 1399
had diplomatic significance; in the division of Europe caused by the Western Schism, Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire were seen as potential allies against
Richard_II_of_England
14th Century Conflict
The Crusade of Tedelis was a major conflict within the overarching struggle between the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Tlemcen in the late 14th century
Crusade_of_Tedelis
send an answer and an envoy shortly before Timur's death in 1405. The Western Schism had begun in 1378 and was still plaguing the papacy when Boniface IX
Crusades_of_the_15th_century
Italian saint
During the wars between the pope in Rome and various anti-popes in the Western Schism of the Catholic Church, Lorenzo served the former. According to one
Frances_of_Rome
cardinal-nephew of Pope Martin V (Odo Colonna), whose election ended the Western Schism. Colonna was excommunicated for a period due to his rebellion against
Prospero_Colonna_(cardinal)
Name list
name assumed by a 14th-century pseudo-prophet during the time of the Western Schism Telesphorus (mythology), an ancient Greek minor god Télesphore (disambiguation)
Telesphorus
dominated by the Western Schism, a thirty-nine-year dispute over the legitimate occupant of the Roman Catholic papacy. At the beginning of the Schism in 1378,
Third regency of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany
Third_regency_of_Robert_Stewart,_Duke_of_Albany
Italian Catholic prelate and Dominican
he succeeded in convincing the pope to abdicate in order to end the Western Schism. The council refused to accept his resignation, though he had resigned
John_Dominici
public library membership required.) "Munden, Alan; Thomas Snow and the Western Schism; Churchman Vol 125/4 (2011)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF)
James_Harington_Evans
14th-century Scottish Bishop of Galloway
florins and with documentary evidence regarding the events leading to the Western Schism, events which allegedly nullified the election of Pope Urban VI. The
Thomas_de_Rossy
Latin Catholic diocese in Italy
who had embarked on a project to repair the damages caused by the Western Schism (1378–1417), appointed the Bishop of Dolia, Nicholas de Pinu, his Nuncio
Roman Catholic Diocese of Dolia
Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Dolia
Body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church
undocumented 12th-century cardinals and pseudocardinals appointed during the Western Schism by pontiffs now considered to be antipopes, and subject to some other
College_of_Cardinals
Story collection by Geoffrey Chaucer
Catholic Church was in the midst of the Western Schism and, although it was still the only Christian authority in Western Europe, it was the subject of heavy
The_Canterbury_Tales
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