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1954–2011 international organisation and military alliance
The Western European Union (WEU; French: Union de l'Europe occidentale, UEO; German: Westeuropäische Union, WEU) was the international organisation and
Western_European_Union
Subregion of the European continent
was further revisited in 1954 at the Paris Conference, when the Western European Union was established. It was declared defunct in 2011 after the Treaty
Western_Europe
Supranational political and economic union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. A supranational union with a total
European_Union
1948–1954 European military alliance
The Western Union (WU), also referred to as the Brussels Treaty Organisation (BTO), was the European military alliance established between France, the
Western_Union_(alliance)
states in Europe. Since the beginning of the institutionalised modern European integration in 1948, the development of the European Union has been based
History_of_the_European_Union
The demographics of the European Union show a highly populated, culturally diverse union of 27 member states. As of 1 January 2026, the population of the
Demographics of the European Union
Demographics_of_the_European_Union
(1993–1995) Flag of the Western European Union (1995–2011) Flag of the Assembly of the Western European Union Flag of the European Parliament (1973–1983)
Flag_of_Europe
Accession of new countries to the EU
The European Union (EU) has expanded a number of times throughout its history by way of the accession of new member states to the Union. To join the EU
Enlargement of the European Union
Enlargement_of_the_European_Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union of 27 member states that are party to the EU's founding treaties, and thereby subject to the privileges
Member state of the European Union
Member_state_of_the_European_Union
The flag of the Western European Union (WEU) was dark blue with a semicircle of ten yellow five pointed stars, broken at the top, with the organisation's
Flag of the Western European Union
Flag_of_the_Western_European_Union
Decision-making bodies of the European Union
Union and European Union law. They are, as listed in Article 13 of the Treaty on the European Union: the European Parliament, the European Council (of
Institutions of the European Union
Institutions_of_the_European_Union
European Union portal List of European cities by population within city limits List of urban areas in Europe List of metropolitan areas in Europe List
List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits
List_of_cities_in_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits
This is a list of urban areas in the European Union with over 500,000 inhabitants as of 2022. The data comes from Demographia and the United Nations Department
Urban areas in the European Union
Urban_areas_in_the_European_Union
common EU format, with the European flag above the country code issued in EU member states. The vast majority of European countries issue registration
European vehicle registration plate
European_vehicle_registration_plate
part of the European Union, though they benefit from derogations from some EU laws due to their geographical remoteness from mainland Europe; thirteen Overseas
Special territories of members of the European Economic Area
Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area
Passports issued by European Union member states
nationals resident in the Faroe Islands. Separately, the European Commission issues the European Union Laissez-Passer to members and certain officials of its
Passports of the European Union
Passports_of_the_European_Union
the European Union describes the geographic features of the European Union (EU), a multinational polity that occupies a large portion of Europe and covers
Geography of the European Union
Geography_of_the_European_Union
The European Union citizenship is a legal status afforded to all nationals of member states of the European Union (EU). It was formally created with the
European_Union_citizenship
Expansion of the EU
Council of the European Union. The treaty was ratified on time and entered into force on 1 May 2004 amid ceremonies around Europe. European leaders met in
2004 enlargement of the European Union
2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union
Three presidents of EU institutions
presidents of the European Union consist of the following persons who lead three separate European Union institutions: the president of the European Council (since
Presidents of the European Union
Presidents_of_the_European_Union
European Union common customs area
The European Union Customs Union (EUCU) is a customs union which consists of all the member states of the European Union (EU), Monaco, and the British
European_Union_Customs_Union
American financial services company
The Western Union Company is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Denver, Colorado. Founded in 1851 as the New York
Western_Union
Paris creates the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 1954 – Paris Agreements; Western Union transformed into Western European Union 1957 – Treaty of
Timeline of European Union history
Timeline_of_European_Union_history
of the Western European Union Flag of NATO Flag of the European Coal and Steel Community Flag of Europe Federalist flag "Western European Union". www.crwflags
Flag_of_the_Western_Union
Identity cards issued by member states of the European Economic Area
identity cards are identity documents issued to citizens of European Union and European Economic Area (EEA) member states, with the exception of Denmark
National identity cards in the European Economic Area and Switzerland
National_identity_cards_in_the_European_Economic_Area_and_Switzerland
The European Union (EU) has 24 official languages, of which the three most natively spoken ones are German, French and Italian. Previously, English, French
Languages of the European Union
Languages_of_the_European_Union
Directly elected legislature of the European Union
The European Parliament (EP) is one of the two legislative bodies of the European Union (EU) and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council
European_Parliament
Regional organisation from 1958 to 1993
subsequently renamed the European Community (EC) upon becoming integrated into the first pillar of the newly formed European Union (EU) in 1993. In the popular
European_Economic_Community
Bilateral relations
is not a member state of the European Union (EU). It is associated with the Union through its membership in the European Economic Area (EEA), signed in
Norway–European Union relations
Norway–European_Union_relations
1992 founding treaty of the European Union
The Treaty on European Union, commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty, is the foundation treaty of the European Union (EU). Concluded in 1992 between
Maastricht_Treaty
EU regulations which are not imposed by member states by agreement
In general, the law of the European Union is valid in all of the twenty-seven European Union member states. However, occasionally member states negotiate
Opt-outs in the European Union
Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union
Institution of the European Union
the proposals of the European Commission, which holds the right of initiative. The Council of the European Union and the European Council are the only
Council_of_the_European_Union
Organization
The Assembly of the Western European Union, also called the European Security and Defence Assembly, was a parliamentary assembly for delegations from the
Assembly of the Western European Union
Assembly_of_the_Western_European_Union
2004 failed attempt to formally establish a constitution of the European Union
create a consolidated constitution for the European Union (EU). It would have replaced the existing European Union treaties with a single text, given legal
Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
Treaty_establishing_a_Constitution_for_Europe
The European Union does not set public holidays for its member states. However the European Commission does set public holidays for the employees of the
Public holidays in the European Union
Public_holidays_in_the_European_Union
Proposals to federalise the European Union
Debate on European unity is often vague as to the boundaries of 'Europe'. The word 'Europe' is widely used as a synonym for the European Union, although
Federalisation of the European Union
Federalisation_of_the_European_Union
European Union law enforcement agency
Europol, officially the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, is the law enforcement agency of the European Union (EU). Established in 1998
Europol
Key figures of the early European organisations
of the European Union are men who are considered to be major contributors to European unity and the development of what is now the European Union (EU).
Founding fathers of the European Union
Founding_fathers_of_the_European_Union
The European Parliament adopted the Council of Europe's flag in 1983. Adopted by the European Communities in 1986, which became the European Union in 1992
Flags_of_Europe
in Western Europe and the Balkans (i.e. excluding Northern Cyprus and Turkey). By 2010, up to 15 million Turks were living in the European Union (i.e
Islam_in_Europe
Bilateral relations
The European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) are two main treaty-based Western organisations for cooperation between member
European_Union–NATO_relations
European-level transnational political party
of European political alliance recognised as a political party operating transnationally in Europe and within the institutions of the European Union (EU)
European_political_party
European Union education is at the responsibility of its Member States and their Ministries of education that they have; in such, the European Union institutions
Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union
Educational_policies_and_initiatives_of_the_European_Union
Distinct body of the European Union
The European Union and Euratom have agencies, decentralised independent bodies, corporate bodies and joint undertakings which are established as juridical
Agencies of the European Union
Agencies_of_the_European_Union
The migration and asylum policy of the European Union falls within the area of freedom, security and justice. It was established to develop and harmonise
Migration and asylum policy of the European Union
Migration_and_asylum_policy_of_the_European_Union
The European Union (EU) uses a number of symbols, including the Flag of Europe, Anthem of Europe, Motto of the European Union and Europe Day. These symbols
Symbols_of_the_European_Union
Large administrative regions
NUTS regions of candidates of the European Union. Local government Regional policy of the European Union Region (Europe) Europa – Eurostat – Regions Overview
First-level NUTS of the European Union
First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union
Potential candidates for admission into the European Union
currently nine states recognised as candidates for membership of the European Union: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North
Potential enlargement of the European Union
Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union
Geographical subregion
Europe Eastern European Group Eastern Partnership European Union EuroVoc Geographical midpoint of Europe Regions of Europe Southeast Europe Three Seas Initiative
Central_and_Eastern_Europe
Treaty setting out the basis of European Union law
Treaty on European Union (2007) is one of the primary Treaties of the European Union, alongside the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)
Treaty_on_European_Union
1957 founding treaty of the European Economic Community
"Treaty establishing the European Economic Community", and now continuing under the name "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", it remains one of
Treaty_of_Rome
EU institution
2001 when the European Council gathered to lead the European Union's response to the 11 September attacks. Some meetings of the European Council—and, before
European_Council
Overview of the European Union's institutional seats
Luxembourg City Frankfurt am Main Brussels The seven institutions of the European Union (EU) are seated in four different cities, which are Brussels (Belgium)
Institutional seats of the European Union
Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union
European Union's economy combines the national economies of the supranational organization's member states. It makes up the majority of the European economy
Economy_of_the_European_Union
Executive branch of the European Union
The European Commission (EC) is the executive cabinet of the European Union. It is composed of 27 members of the Commission (informally known as "Commissioners")
European_Commission
Ongoing accession process of Montenegro to the EU
Accession of Montenegro to the European Union is on the agenda for future enlargement of the EU. After voting for independence from Serbia and Montenegro
Accession of Montenegro to the European Union
Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union
Region of Europe
"Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe, 1989". U.S. Department of State. "Western European Union – Archive of European Integration". aei.pitt.edu. Retrieved
Central_Europe
Religion in the European Union (2021) Catholic (45.3%) No religion/Agnostic (15.0%) Atheist (10.4%) Eastern Orthodox (10.0%) Protestant (8.30%) Other religion
Religion in the European Union
Religion_in_the_European_Union
Favouring European integration
Pro-Europeanism, sometimes called European Unionism, is a political position that favours European integration and membership of the European Union (EU)
Pro-Europeanism
European Union law is a system of supranational laws operating within the 27 member states of the European Union (EU). Originally referred to as Community
Law_of_the_European_Union
European Commission and approved by the Council of the European Union and European Parliament to become law. Over the years the power of the European
European Union legislative procedure
European_Union_legislative_procedure
Accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union
states of the European Union (EU) in the fifth wave of EU enlargement. Bulgaria and Romania did not have a referendum related to European Union accession
2007 enlargement of the European Union
2007_enlargement_of_the_European_Union
Defence policy of the European Union
The Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) is the European Union's (EU) course of action in the fields of defence and crisis management, and a main
Common Security and Defence Policy
Common_Security_and_Defence_Policy
Legislatures of member states of the European Union
proposed European Union law. Originally, national members of Parliament (MPs) were appointed to the European Parliament (EP) as Member of the European Parliament
National parliaments of the European Union
National_parliaments_of_the_European_Union
The European Union (EU) has undertaken a number of overseas missions and operations, drawing on civilian and military capabilities, in several countries
List of military and civilian missions of the European Union
List_of_military_and_civilian_missions_of_the_European_Union
Accession of Austria, Finland and Sweden to the European Union
The 1995 enlargement of the European Union saw Austria, Finland, and Sweden accede to the European Union (EU). This was the EU's fourth enlargement and
1995 enlargement of the European Union
1995_enlargement_of_the_European_Union
Currency of the European Union
the European Union, by four European microstates that are not EU members, by one British Overseas Territory, as well as unilaterally by two European states
Euro
Group of states aligned with the United States during the Cold War
discussions surrounding NATO, the European Union, and Western-led global institutions. Overall, the terminology of the Western Bloc served not only as a means
Western_Bloc
Legislation in the area of energetics in the European Union
energy investments throughout the European Union. The history of energy markets in Europe started with the European Coal and Steel Community, which was
Energy policy of the European Union
Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union
European policy
The European banking union refers to the transfer of responsibility for banking policy from the member state-level to the union-wide level in several
European_banking_union
Legal process of Article 50 of the Treaty of European Union
Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) provides for the possibility of an EU member state leaving the European Union "in accordance with its own
Withdrawal from the European Union
Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union
The budget of the European Union (a.k.a. The Union's annual budget) is used to finance EU funding programmes (such as the European Regional Development
Budget_of_the_European_Union
1948 Western European defence treaty
nature. European Union portal Treaty of Dunkirk Western Union London and Paris Conferences Western European Union NATO Treaty establishing the European Defence
Treaty_of_Brussels
1952 agreement on common security protocols
intergovernmental nature. European Union portal History of the European Union Western Union Western European Union European Political Community (1952)
Treaty establishing the European Defence Community
Treaty_establishing_the_European_Defence_Community
Regional policy of the EU
The Regional Policy of the European Union (EU), also referred as Cohesion Policy, is a policy with the stated aim of improving the economic well-being
Regional policy of the European Union
Regional_policy_of_the_European_Union
Web portal
well as leaders and political figures from the European Union and Western Balkan states. European Western Balkans is entirely independent and it is owned
European_Western_Balkans
EU service organization
the presidency of the Council of the European Union, the European Council and the president of the European Council. The General Secretariat is headed by
General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union
General_Secretariat_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union
Official gazette of the European Union
The Official Journal of the European Union (the OJEU) is the official gazette of record for the European Union (EU). It is published every working day
Official Journal of the European Union
Official_Journal_of_the_European_Union
International military decoration
The Western European Union Mission Service Medal is an international military decoration awarded to individuals who served with Western European Union (WEU)
Western European Union Mission Service Medal
Western_European_Union_Mission_Service_Medal
Relations with the European Union and Turkey
member state of the European Union, Turkey is one of the EU's main partners and both are members of the European Union–Turkey Customs Union. Turkey borders
Turkey–European Union relations
Turkey–European_Union_relations
Continent
of Europe, and significantly through the realisation of the European Union (EU), which represents today the majority of Europe. The European Union is
Europe
Single market of the European Union and participating non-EU countries
some goods via its membership in the European Union–Turkey Customs Union. The United Kingdom left the European single market on 31 December 2020. An
European_single_market
Process of Turkey joining the EU
negotiating its accession to the European Union (EU) as a member state, following its application to become a full member of the European Economic Community (EEC)
Accession of Turkey to the European Union
Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union
Group of rights of the European Union
Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR) enshrines certain political, social, and economic rights for European Union (EU) citizens and residents
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union
the Council of the European Union and the European Council being only indirectly legitimated through national elections. While European political parties
Elections to the European Parliament
Elections_to_the_European_Parliament
Rotating presidency of the Council of Ministers
presidency of the Council of the European Union is responsible for the functioning of the Council of the European Union, which is the co-legislator of the
Presidency of the Council of the European Union
Presidency_of_the_Council_of_the_European_Union
The European driving licence is a driving licence issued by the member states of the European Economic Area (EEA); all 27 EU member states and three EFTA
European_driving_licence
Former international organizations governed by same set of institutions
Treaty built upon the Single European Act and the Solemn Declaration on European Union in the creation of the European Union. The treaty was signed on 7
European_Communities
The 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, commonly referred to as the EU referendum or the Brexit referendum, was a referendum that
2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum
Travel document
A European Union laissez-passer is a travel document issued to civil servants and members of the institutions of the European Union. It is proof of privileges
European_Union_laissez-passer
Regulator of coal and steel markets, 1952–67
The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was a European organization created after World War II to integrate Europe's coal and steel industries into
European Coal and Steel Community
European_Coal_and_Steel_Community
Asia rather than Europe with respect to physical geography, although it is considered culturally European. See also European Union Enlargement#Northern
Extreme points of the European Union
Extreme_points_of_the_European_Union
Treaty between the European Union, its member states, and a non-EU country
A European Union association agreement or simply association agreement (AA) is a treaty between the European Union (EU, or its predecessors), its Member
European Union association agreement
European_Union_association_agreement
The Treaties of the European Union are a set of international treaties between the European Union (EU) member states which sets out the EU's constitutional
Treaties of the European Union
Treaties_of_the_European_Union
Body of criticism of the European Union
EU-scepticism, is a political position involving criticism of the European Union (EU) and European integration. It ranges from those who oppose some EU institutions
Euroscepticism
Measure of metropolitan and surrounding areas
EuroMETREX. Retrieved 2 July 2015. "European cities – the EU-OECD functional urban area definition". Eurostat. European Union/FAO/UN-Habitat/OECD/The World
Functional_urban_area
Ongoing accession process of Albania to the EU
Albania is on the current agenda for future enlargement of the European Union (EU). It applied for EU membership on 28 April 2009, and has since June 2014
Accession of Albania to the European Union
Accession_of_Albania_to_the_European_Union
Six founding member countries of the European Communities
members of the European Communities, which were later succeeded by the European Union. Named for their location on a map of western Europe, the Inner Six
Inner_Six
Legal structure of the European Union from 1993 to 2009
Between 1993 and 2009, the European Union (EU) legally comprised three pillars. This structure was introduced with the Maastricht Treaty on 1 November
Three pillars of the European Union
Three_pillars_of_the_European_Union
Type of EU legislative act
A regulation is a legal act of the European Union which becomes immediately enforceable as law in all member states simultaneously. Regulations can be
Regulation_(European_Union)
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