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The European Union's economy combines the national economies of the supranational organization's member states. It makes up the majority of the European
Economy_of_the_European_Union
currencies of the European Union as of 2026[update] used officially by member states. The euro is used by a majority of EU member states, while the remainder
Currencies of the European Union
Currencies_of_the_European_Union
The continent of Europe has a developed mixed economy, spanning 44 countries with over 745 million citizens. It is the world's third-largest continental
Economy_of_Europe
German economy. However, since Austria became a member state of the European Union, it has gained closer ties to other European Union economies. This development
Economy_of_Austria
Single market of the European Union and participating non-EU countries
states of the European Union (EU). With certain exceptions, it also comprises Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway (through the Agreement on the European Economic
European_single_market
Sovereign countries that are bound by EU laws, rights, and obligations
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union of 27 member states that are party to the EU's founding treaties, and thereby subject to the privileges
Member state of the European Union
Member_state_of_the_European_Union
The European Union (EU) maintains extensive trade relationships with countries around the world, reflecting its role as one of the largest global economic
List of the largest trading partners of the European Union
List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_the_European_Union
The economy of Latvia is a developed mixed economy. Part of the European single market, the nation has an open trade policy and trades extensively. Latvia
Economy_of_Latvia
therefore a part of the economy of the European Union. It uses its own currency, the Czech koruna, instead of the euro. It is a member of the Organisation
Economy_of_the_Czech_Republic
standard per capita. Economy of the European Union List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP List of NUTS regions in the European Union by GDP "EU regions by
List of European Union regions by GDP
List_of_European_Union_regions_by_GDP
Economic union and policies
The economic and monetary union (EMU) of the European Union is a group of policies aimed at converging the economies of member states of the European
Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union
Economic program of the European Union
Europe 2020 is a 10-year strategy proposed by the European Commission on 3 March 2010 for advancement of the economy of the European Union. It aims at
Europe_2020
protection Economy of the European Union European Neighbourhood Policy European Union statistics Euroscepticism, Europhobe European Union Association
Outline_of_the_European_Union
The economy of the Soviet Union was based on state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, and industrial manufacturing. An administrative-command
Economy_of_the_Soviet_Union
Economic area
needs. The European Union has determined that all economic activity servicing those who are aged 50 and above is within the silver economy. The silver
Silver_economy
European Union finance initiative
The Savings and Investments Union (SIU) is a European Union initiative designed to improve pan-European finance infrastructure through a single, integrated
Savings_and_Investments_Union
European Union infrastructure corridors and agreements
The Trans-European Networks (TEN) were created by the European Union by Articles 154–156 of the Treaty of Rome (1957), with the stated goals of the creation
Trans-European_Networks
The economy of Poland is an emerging and developing, high-income, industrialized social market economy that is the sixth-largest in the European Union
Economy_of_Poland
and the fifteenth-largest inward foreign direct investment. In 2022, the United Kingdom's trade with the European Union accounted for 42% of the country's
Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom
Member of the EU Commission
important due to the weight the European Union has economically worldwide (See: Economy of the European Union). It has grown particularly with the late 2000s
European Commissioner for Economic Affairs
European_Commissioner_for_Economic_Affairs
Economic activity, other than government-mandated production and services, in the USSR
The second economy of the Soviet Union was the black market or the informal sector of the economy of the Soviet Union. The term was suggested by Gregory
Second economy of the Soviet Union
Second_economy_of_the_Soviet_Union
of Islamic Cooperation member states by imports Middle East economic integration Economy of the Arab League Economy of the European Union CIA - The World
Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Economy_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation
The United Kingdom (along with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar) was a member state of the European Union (EU) and of its predecessor the European
United Kingdom membership of the European Union
United_Kingdom_membership_of_the_European_Union
Surplus of butter stockpiled in Europe
The butter mountain is a supply surplus of butter produced in the European Union because of government interventionism that began in the 1970s. The size
Butter_mountain
Expansion of the EU
The largest enlargement of the European Union (EU), in terms of number of states and population, took place on 1 May 2004. The simultaneous accessions
2004 enlargement of the European Union
2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union
European Union competition law
Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (formerly Article 81 of the Treaty Establishing the European Community) prohibits cartels
Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
Article_101_of_the_Treaty_on_the_Functioning_of_the_European_Union
Supranational political and economic union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. A supranational union with a total
European_Union
the European Union by nominal GDP. It has the world's 11th highest nominal per capita GDP and the 13th highest PPP-adjusted per capita GDP as of 2023
Economy_of_the_Netherlands
European Union industry classification system
dans la Communauté européenne"), is the industry standard classification system used in the European Union. The current version is revision 2.1 and was
Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community
Statistical_Classification_of_Economic_Activities_in_the_European_Community
Area in which the euro is the official currency
The euro area (EA), commonly called the eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 21 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€)
Eurozone
Product label indicating manufacturing location
was proposed by the European Commission in 2014. The Made in the EU label would indicate the product is mainly made in the European Union. After initial
Made_in_EU
Member of the EU Commission
The European Commissioner for Economy and Productivity is the member of the European Commission responsible for the European Union’s economic and fiscal
European Commissioner for Economy
European_Commissioner_for_Economy
Supranational central bank in Europe
institutions of the European Union. It is one of the world's most important central banks, heading a system with a combined balance sheet of close to €7
European_Central_Bank
European Union fund
Action for Europe (SAFE) is a European Union program created in 2025 to facilitate joint purchases of arms and military equipment in the context of strengthening
Security_Action_for_Europe
Informal body of ministers of the eurozone member states
(ECOFIN) of the Council of the European Union. They communicate their decisions via press and document releases. The group is related to the Council of the European
Eurogroup
European Business and Innovation Centres (commonly known as EU|BICs or simply BICs), formerly known as EC-BIC (European Community Business and Innovation
European Business and Innovation Centre
European_Business_and_Innovation_Centre
Confederation (LO) Other links Nordic model Economy of the European Union Economy of Europe Copyright law of Sweden History of copper currency in Sweden "World Economic
Economy_of_Sweden
Member of the EU Commission
The European Commissioner for Industry, SMEs and the Single Market is a member of the European Commission. The post is currently held by Stéphane Séjourné
European Commissioner for Industry, SMEs and the Single Market
European_Commissioner_for_Industry,_SMEs_and_the_Single_Market
with an inflation target of 3%. The economy of Hungary is a high-income mixed economy, and a member of the European Union's single market. In recent years
Economy_of_Hungary
American political scientist
Association. Her research focuses on the international political economy of the European Union and the role of ideas, identity, and culture. McNamara
Kathleen_R._McNamara
Economic sector
Coopérative European Economic and Social Committee- Study: The Social Economy in the European Union Social economy enterprises, section of the European Union Archived
Social_economy
The demographics of the European Union show a highly populated, culturally diverse union of 27 member states. As of 1 January 2026, the population of
Demographics of the European Union
Demographics_of_the_European_Union
Bilateral relations
A customs union is the principal area of robust formal agreement between the Principality of Andorra and the European Union (EU). Andorra borders two
Andorra–European Union relations
Andorra–European_Union_relations
Left-wing European political alliance
The Democracy in Europe Movement 2025, or DiEM25, is a left-wing European political alliance. It operates as a pan-European umbrella for subsidiary parties
Democracy in Europe Movement 2025
Democracy_in_Europe_Movement_2025
Former action and development plan of the EU
the European Council. It broadly aimed to "make Europe, by 2010, the most competitive and the most dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world". The
Lisbon_Strategy
Statistical database by Eurostat
European Union (EU) economy, because it focuses on the size and the evolution of imports and exports. International Trade Trade statistics follow the value
Comext
Regional organisation from 1958 to 1993
pillar covered the following areas: Economy of the European Union Brussels and the European Union Delors Commission European Commission European Customs Information
European_Economic_Community
European economic policy initiative
The Capital Markets Union (CMU) is an economic policy initiative launched by the former president of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker in the
Capital_Markets_Union
Bilateral relations
portal European Union portal Politics portal Economy of the European Union Economy of Japan Foreign relations of the European Union Foreign relations of Japan
Japan–European Union relations
Japan–European_Union_relations
Accession of new countries to the EU
The European Union (EU) has expanded a number of times throughout its history by way of the accession of new member states to the Union. To join the EU
Enlargement of the European Union
Enlargement_of_the_European_Union
Ongoing accession process of Montenegro to the EU
Accession of Montenegro to the European Union is on the agenda for future enlargement of the EU. After voting for independence from Serbia and Montenegro
Accession of Montenegro to the European Union
Accession_of_Montenegro_to_the_European_Union
research interests include the political economy of the European Union and comparative politics of post-communist Central Europe. Chan married his wife Gabi
Kenneth_Chan_Ka-lok
European Union law is a system of supranational laws operating within the 27 member states of the European Union (EU). Originally referred to as Community
Law_of_the_European_Union
A European Union-wide banking stress test has been conducted by the Committee of European Banking Supervisors every year since 2009. The second instance
2011 European Union bank stress test
2011_European_Union_bank_stress_test
Decision-making bodies of the European Union
Treaties of the European Union and European Union law. They are, as listed in Article 13 of the Treaty on the European Union: the European Parliament, the European
Institutions of the European Union
Institutions_of_the_European_Union
most of the last 20 years (2012: Flanders: 4.55%; Wallonia: 10.12% and Brussels: 17.47%). Being the de facto capital of the European Union, its economy is
Economy_of_Belgium
Committee that paved the way for the creation of the euro
from the European Council to examine and propose concrete stages leading to European Economic and Monetary Union; its report, commonly known as the Delors
Delors_Committee
Croatia has a highly developed mixed economy. It is one of the largest economies in Southeast Europe by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). It maintains
Economy_of_Croatia
2025 EU–Central Asia summit
meeting between the European Union and the Central Asian nations of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The summit increased
2025 European Union–Central Asia summit
2025_European_Union–Central_Asia_summit
Ongoing accession process of Kosovo to the EU
The accession of Kosovo to the European Union (EU) is on the current agenda for future enlargement of the EU. Kosovo is currently recognized by the EU
Accession of Kosovo to the European Union
Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union
Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Indonesia and European Union trade
The European Union and Indonesia have built robust commercial relations, with bilateral trade amounting to approximately €25 billion in 2012 resulting
Indonesia–European Union trade relations
Indonesia–European_Union_trade_relations
adopted by the European Council in Stockholm on 23 March 2001, presents a useful diagnosis of the issues and problems within the European Union capital markets
Committee of Wise Men on the Regulation of European Securities Markets
Committee_of_Wise_Men_on_the_Regulation_of_European_Securities_Markets
assistance. Over time the support systems have changed, as have the designated areas. While the UK was a member of the European Union, the coverage and schemes
Assisted areas (United Kingdom)
Assisted_areas_(United_Kingdom)
market economy. It is the third-largest national economy in the European Union, the 8th-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP, and the 12th-largest
Economy_of_Italy
European Structural and Investment Fund
instrument financing the structural policy pillar of the Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union. It was previously known as the Financial Instrument
European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund
European_Maritime,_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture_Fund
Proposals to federalise the European Union
is ongoing discussion about the extent to which the European Union (EU) has already turned from a confederation (a union of sovereign states) into a federation
Federalisation of the European Union
Federalisation_of_the_European_Union
accounting. EU law Energy policy of the European Union Directive (EU) 2019/944 of 5 June 2019 on common rules for the internal market for electricity on
Electricity_Directive_2019
market economy. As the largest economy in Europe by nominal GDP, Germany's highly developed economy is the third-largest by nominal GDP in the world,
Economy_of_Germany
Withdrawal of the UK from the EU
(/ˈbrɛksɪt, ˈbrɛɡzɪt/; a portmanteau of "Britain" and "exit") was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU). Brexit took place at 23:00
Brexit
developed economy. It is a member of the European Union, the eurozone, and the OECD. The economy is heavily influenced by developments in the Finnish and
Economy_of_Estonia
Potential candidates for admission into the European Union
membership of the European Union: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Kosovo (the independence
Potential enlargement of the European Union
Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union
2019 EU copyright reform directive
extends existing European Union copyright law and is a component of the EU's Digital Single Market project. The Council of the European Union describes their
Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market
Directive_on_Copyright_in_the_Digital_Single_Market
European Union Association Agreement
The European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement is a European Union association agreement between the European Union (EU), the European Atomic Energy
European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement
European_Union–Ukraine_Association_Agreement
2003 report on the economy of the European Union
Growing Europe, also called The Sapir Report, is a report on the economy of the European Union edited by a panel of experts under the direction of the Belgian
Sapir_Report
Multi-year debt crisis in multiple EU countries, 2009–2010
inequality in the affected countries. Causes of the euro area crisis included a weak economy of the European Union after the 2008 financial crisis and the Great
Euro_area_crisis
purchasing power parity (PPP). It is the 16th-largest economy in the European Union and eleventh largest in the eurozone. Greece is a welfare state and ranks
Economy_of_Greece
Financial instrument of the European Union
The Cohesion Fund, one of the five European Structural and Investment Funds of the European Union, provides support to Member States with a gross national
Cohesion_Fund
Legal process of Article 50 of the Treaty of European Union
Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) provides for the possibility of an EU member state leaving the European Union "in accordance with its
Withdrawal from the European Union
Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union
Annual cycle of economic and fiscal policy coordination
The European Semester of the European Union was established in 2010 as an annual cycle of economic and fiscal policy coordination. It provides a central
The_European_Semester
a list of NUTS regions in the European Union by GDP. The European Union uses a classification for subnational territory called Nomenclature of Territorial
List of NUTS regions in the European Union by GDP
List_of_NUTS_regions_in_the_European_Union_by_GDP
Financial instrument
The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) is one of the European Structural and Investment Funds allocated by the European Union. Its purpose is to
European Regional Development Fund
European_Regional_Development_Fund
European economic recession
additional tax increases. The entire economy of the European Union declined by 0.1 percent in the second quarter of 2008. A European Commission forecast predicted
Great_Recession_in_Europe
Proposed fund for open source software
European Union portal The EU Sovereign Tech Fund (EU-STF) is a proposed financial instrument for the European Union aimed at providing sustained funding
EU_Sovereign_Tech_Fund
Overview of free trade agreements in the European Union
The European Union has concluded free trade agreements (FTAs). The European Union negotiates free trade deals on behalf of all of its member states, as
Free trade agreements of the European Union
Free_trade_agreements_of_the_European_Union
Demographic, economic and governmental statistics regarding EU member states
Statistics in the European Union are collected by Eurostat (European statistics body). As of 1 January 2006, the population of the EU was about 493 million
European_Union_statistics
Prototype of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism
The snake in the tunnel was a system of European monetary cooperation in the 1970s which aimed at limiting fluctuations between different European currencies
Snake_in_the_tunnel
The European Monitoring Centre on Change (EMCC) is "a place for exchanging practice, information and ideas on the management and anticipation of change
European Monitoring Centre on Change
European_Monitoring_Centre_on_Change
Southeast Europe that is neither a member of the European Union (EU) nor the Eurozone, nor does it have a formal monetary agreement with the EU. However
Montenegro_and_the_euro
Academic and legal publisher
The Publications Office of the European Union is the official provider of publishing services and data, information and knowledge management services
Publications Office of the European Union
Publications_Office_of_the_European_Union
European union federation
The European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) is a trade union organisation representing workers at the European level. In its role as a European social
European Trade Union Confederation
European_Trade_Union_Confederation
Economic classification of the EU
product, or GDP, is one of several measures of the size of its economy. Similar to GDP, GMP is defined as the market value of all final goods and services
List of EU metropolitan regions by GDP
List_of_EU_metropolitan_regions_by_GDP
The following list provides information relating to the (gross) minimum wages (before tax & social charges) of in the European Union member states. The
List of European Union member states by minimum wage
List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_minimum_wage
Oldest European unification movement
presented the idea of a unified European State. The Union's General Secretariat is located in Munich, but maintains branches across Europe. Since February
Paneuropean_Union
EU relationships
The European Union has a number of relationships with foreign states. According to the European Union's official site, and a statement by Commissioner
European Union's economic relationships with third countries
European_Union's_economic_relationships_with_third_countries
Institution of the European Union
the Council of Ministers, is the third of the seven institutions of the European Union (EU) as listed in the Treaty on European Union. It is one of two
Council_of_the_European_Union
The European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) consumes a large part of the general budget of the European Union. It finances direct payments to farmers
European Agricultural Guarantee Fund
European_Agricultural_Guarantee_Fund
European Union initiative to fund local development
The community-led local development (CLLD) funding approach is a European Union initiative to support the decentralised management of development projects
Community-led local development
Community-led_local_development
Perceived surplus of wine supplies in Europe
referring to the phenomenon of perceived overproduction of wine in the European Union. The phenomenon first came in perception & persistence around the mid-1980s
Wine_lake
republic and is a candidate member to the European Union. On 2 January 1992, Moldova introduced a market economy, liberalising prices, which resulted in
Economy_of_Moldova
The European Competition Network (ECN) consists of the 27 competition authorities within the European Union and the DG Competition of the European Commission
European_Competition_Network
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ECONOMY OF-THE-EUROPEAN-UNION
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ECONOMY OF-THE-EUROPEAN-UNION
ECONOMY OF-THE-EUROPEAN-UNION
ECONOMY OF-THE-EUROPEAN-UNION
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ECONOMY OF-THE-EUROPEAN-UNION
ECONOMY OF-THE-EUROPEAN-UNION
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