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Type of vowel system
delimiters. A vertical vowel system is the system of vowels in a language that requires only vowel height to phonemically distinguish vowels. Theoretically
Vertical_vowel_system
Sound in spoken language, articulated with an open vocal tract
have vertical vowel systems in which at least at a phonemic level, only height is used to distinguish vowels. Within the traditional models, vowel backness
Vowel
Schematic arrangement of vowels
vowel diagram or vowel chart is a schematic arrangement of vowels within a phonetic system (though also often used in phonemic descriptions). Vowels do
Vowel_diagram
Northwest Caucasian language of Abkhazia
of the vowels of Abkhaz is not clear. Some linguists, characterise the vowel system as a 2 degree vertical vowel system; with the two vowels being distinguished
Abkhaz_language
Papuan language family
neighbors, appear to have three-vowel systems, /ɨ ə a/, that distinguish only vowel height in a vertical vowel system. Phonetic [i e o u] are a result
Sepik_languages
Diacritical mark (◌̄)
Marshallese uses a vertical vowel system with three to four vowel phonemes, but traditionally their allophones have been written out, so vowel letters with
Macron_(diacritic)
Chadic language of Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad
to Maddieson (1987), Margi is noted for having a vertical vowel system, with only two phonemic vowels, /ɨ/ and /a/, in native vocabulary. Loan words also
Margi_language
Micronesian language of the Marshall Islands
consonants in Arabic or Mizrahi Hebrew. Marshallese has a vertical vowel system of just four vowel phonemes, each with several allophones depending on the
Marshallese_language
Language family
with a lack of vowel distinctions, often providing archetypical cases of vertical vowel systems, also known as "linear" vowel systems. Linguistic reconstructions
Northwest_Caucasian_languages
Northwest Caucasian language
large inventory of consonants, Adyghe has only three phonemic vowels in a vertical vowel system. Lower-case palochka, ⟨ӏ⟩, is found in handwriting. Usually
Adyghe_language
Northwest Caucasian language natively spoken by Circassians
has a vertical vowel system. Although many surface vowels appear, they can be analyzed as consisting of at most the following three phonemic vowels: /ə/
Kabardian_language
Australian Aboriginal language
Two-vowel systems are unusual, but occur in closely related Arrernte as well as in some Northwest Caucasian languages. It seems that the vowel system derives
Kaytetye_language
Branch of the Chinese language family
an initial consonant, a medial glide, a vowel, a coda, and tone. In the traditional analysis, the medial, vowel and coda are combined as a final. Not all
Mandarin_Chinese
Duration of a vowel sound
linguistics, vowel length is the perceived or actual duration of a vowel sound when pronounced. Vowels perceived as shorter are often called short vowels and those
Vowel_length
Northwest Caucasian language
orthographies based primarily on Latin and Cyrillic letters. Its consonant-to-vowel ratio is remarkably high; making it quite similar to many other languages
Abaza_language
Extinct Native American language
distinction is not phonemic, and that one may therefore speak of a 'vertical' vowel inventory (see below). This also has been claimed for relatively few
Wichita_language
Celtic language indigenous to the island of Ireland
a word when the first syllable contains a short vowel, and the second syllable contains a long vowel or diphthong, or is -⟨(e)ach⟩, e.g. Ciarán is pronounced
Irish_language
Dormant Northwest Caucasian language
closed. Regarding the vowels, since there are only three phonemic vowels, there is a great deal of allophony. Writing systems for the Ubykh language
Ubykh_language
Dialect cluster of Central Australia
The vowel system of Eastern/Central Arrernte is unusual in that there are only two contrastive vowel phonemes, /a/ and /ə/. Two-vowel systems are very
Arrernte_language
Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon
a solely epenthetic vowel. These vowels occur as rounded allophones when adjacent to a labialized consonant, and as front vowels when the word is palatalized
Buwal_language
First letter of the Latin alphabet
A (minuscule: a) is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its
A
System of sounds for the Adyghe language
large consonant inventory, Adyghe has only three phonemic vowels in a classic vertical vowel system. /ə/ and /ɐ/ have varying allophones, whereas /aː/ has
Adyghe_phonology
Phonology of the Irish language
[ɔ], as in a vertical vowel system. Under this view, these phonemes are not marked at an abstract level as either front vowels or back vowels. Rather, they
Irish_phonology
System of marks added to Hebrew letters
Notes: [1] : These vowels lengths are not manifested in Modern Hebrew. [2] : Adding two vertical dots (sh'va) to the "short-vowel" diacritic produces
Hebrew_diacritics
System of shorthand for English, developed by Isaac Pitman
or end) to indicate different vowel sounds in an unambiguous system. However, to increase writing speed, rules of "vowel indication" exist whereby the
Pitman_shorthand
Modifier mark added to a letter
writing systems, diacritics may perform other functions. Vowel pointing systems, namely the Arabic harakat and the Hebrew niqqud systems, indicate vowels that
Diacritic
Vowel inherently read as part of a consonant
An inherent vowel is part of an abugida (or alphasyllabary) script. It is a vowel sound which is used with each unmarked or basic consonant symbol. There
Inherent_vowel
Hebrew niqqud vowel sign
clenching fists or tightening lips), because the vowel's original pronunciation in the Tiberian system, between the [o] and [a] sounds, requires the lips
Kamatz
Syllable-based writing system
segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as units; each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary
Abugida
Abugida used to write Bengali
the Bengali writing system is derived from the Brahmi script. It is written from left to right. It is an abugida, i.e., its vowel graphemes are mainly
Bengali_alphabet
Abugida script for the Khmer language
sound together with an inherent vowel, either â or ô; in many cases, in the absence of another vowel mark, the inherent vowel is to be pronounced after the
Khmer_script
Abugida-type writing system
inside of the vertical bar, pushing any u or ü mark to the left side. A short oblique hook at the bottom of the vertical bar marks a long vowel. There is
Soyombo_script
Diacritic mark to indicate sound shift
of the historical sound shift due to which former back vowels are now pronounced as front vowels (for example [a], [ɔ], and [ʊ] as [ɛ], [œ], and [ʏ]).
Umlaut_(diacritic)
Diacritics used in the Arabic script
diacritics known as tashkīl (تَشْكِيل, IPA: [tæʃˈkiːl]). The latter include the vowel marks termed ḥarakāt (حَرَكَات, IPA: [ħɑrɑˈkæːt]; sing. حَرَكَة, ḥarakah
Arabic_diacritics
System of phonetic notation
template The vertical axis of the chart is mapped by vowel height. Vowels pronounced with the tongue lowered are at the bottom, and vowels pronounced with
International Phonetic Alphabet
International_Phonetic_Alphabet
Japanese punctuation mark
symbol that indicates a chōon, or a long vowel of two morae in length. Its form is a horizontal or vertical line in the center of the text with the width
Chōonpu
Native alphabet of the Korean language
consisting of an initial consonant, a vowel, and an optional final consonant. The syllables can be arranged in vertical or horizontal rows, although the latter
Hangul
Consonant which either forms a syllable by itself or is the nucleus of a syllable
used, ⟨U+0329 ◌̩ COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW⟩. It may be instead represented by an overstroke, ⟨U+030D ◌̍ COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE⟩ if the symbol
Syllabic_consonant
Latin letter variant
distinguish vowel qualities, and in typographic experiments where visually modified Latin letters are used for additional sounds. The vertically barred ⟨o⟩
Vertically_barred_O
Seventh letter in the Greek alphabet
unrounded vowel, [ɛː], which was later raised to [i] in Hellenistic Greek, a process known as iotacism or itacism. In the ancient Attic number system (Herodianic
Eta
Ninth letter of the Latin alphabet
I (minuscule: i) is the ninth letter and the third vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western
I
Script used to write the Greek language
are as follows: Among the vowel letters, Modern Greek sound values reflect the radical simplification of the vowel system of post-classical Greek, merging
Greek_alphabet
Letter "Ḻa" in Indic scripts
ଳ has the inherent vowel "a", and takes one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all. Like the letter
Ḻa
Javanese-Arabic script
where they are written with two vertical dots instead of three. Mostly used to write Arabic loans For word-initial vowels, the letter alif ⟨ا⟩ is used with
Pegon_script
Congolese writing system
of the vowel Family 2 The consonant-plus-vowel is reflected both horizontally and vertically (rotated 180°) Family 3 The consonant-plus-vowel is reflected
Mandombe_script
Indian script
writing system is an abugida, in which each base consonantal character possesses an inherent vowel, that vowel being a [ə]. For postconsonantal vowels other
Gujarati_script
Brahmic script used commonly to write the Malayalam language
(abugida), a writing system that is partially "alphabetic" and partially syllable-based. The modern Malayalam alphabet has 15 vowel letters, 42 consonant
Malayalam_script
Letter in several Latin-script alphabets
Southern Sámi languages. It is mostly used to represent the mid front rounded vowels, such as [ø] and [œ] . The name of this letter is the same as the sound
Ø
Writing system where each symbol stands for a consonant
abgad, lit. 'alphabet') is a writing system in which only consonants are represented by letter signs, leaving the vowels to be inferred by the reader (unless
Abjad
Basic unit of phonology
disputed. The most common vowel system consists of the five vowels /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, /u/. Languages with a five-vowel system span across the globe, and
Phoneme
Indic script used in the Indian subcontinent
of 48 primary characters, including 14 vowels and 34 consonants, is the fourth most widely adopted writing system in the world, being used for over 120
Devanagari
Writing system used c. 1050 to 146 BC
Phoenician, and vowels were added to the consonant-only Phoenician letters. There were also distinct variants of the writing system in different parts
Phoenician_alphabet
Mnemonic technique for memorizing long strings of numbers
in memorizing numbers. The system works by converting numbers into consonants, then into words by adding vowels. The system works on the principle that
Mnemonic_major_system
Keyboard layout used for French
diacritics) on vowel letters. A circumflex can be generated by first striking the ^ key (located to the right of P in most AZERTY layouts), then the vowel requiring
AZERTY
Convention of symbols representing language
consonant and vowel sounds, abjads generally only use letters representing consonant sounds, and abugidas use letters representing consonant–vowel pairs. Syllabaries
Writing_system
Type of vowel sound
to do while producing low or open vowels since the lips are being stressed vertically. This may explain why low vowels are usually unrounded. Roundedness
Front_rounded_vowel
Alphabet of the Hebrew language
previous vowel and becomes silent, or by imitation of such cases in the spelling of other forms. Also, a system of vowel points to indicate vowels (diacritics)
Hebrew_alphabet
Writing system used for several Austronesian languages
vowels using the JAZMA. Vowels: Vowels are represented using combining marks. There are three vowel signs: SIGN AA, SIGN I, and SIGN U. These vowel marks
Gangga_Melayu
Abugida used to write the Lepcha language
inherent vowel. In Lepcha, the inherent vowel is /a/. To start a syllable with a vowel, the appropriate vowel diacritic is added to the vowel-carrier ᰣ
Lepcha_script
Abbreviated symbolic writing method
with a pen. Major pen shorthand systems are Shuugiin, Sangiin, Nakane and Waseda [a repeated vowel shown here means a vowel spoken in double-length in Japanese
Shorthand
Letter "Śa" in Indic scripts
consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all. As is common
Śa
Letter "Ca" in Indic scripts
consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all. As is common
Ca_(Indic)
Writing system
for consonants and vowels. It has been adapted for such languages as Oirat and Manchu. Alphabets based on this classical vertical script continue to be
Mongolian_script
British phonetician (1881–1967)
could be used to help visualize how vowels are articulated. Tongue height (close vs. open) is represented on the vertical axis and front vs. back on the horizontal
Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)
Japanese syllabary
character or kana in each system. Each kana represents either a vowel such as "a" (katakana ア); a consonant followed by a vowel such as "ka" (katakana カ);
Katakana
Alphabet of the Arabic language
the short vowels are not marked), the long vowels are represented by the vowel in question: ʾalif mamdūdah/maqṣūrah, wāw, or yāʾ. Long vowels written in
Arabic_alphabet
Writing systems devised for the Mongolian language
is its vertical direction; it is the only vertical script still in use that is written from left to right. (All other vertical writing systems are written
Mongolian_writing_systems
d'écrire applicable à tous les idiomes. Vowels are omitted except at the beginning and end of a word, where all vowels and diphthongs are written as a single
Taylor_shorthand
Latin-script transcription alphabet
continue in modern use. Vowel length is indicated by a macron (ā) or a breve (ă) for long and short vowels, respectively. Open vowels are marked by a line
Lepsius_Standard_Alphabet
Linguistic emphasis on syllables or words
placed immediately before the vowel. In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), primary stress is indicated by a high vertical line (primary stress mark:
Stress_(linguistics)
ISO standard for transliteration of Thai characters
combination with the vowel letters ฤ and ฦ. The standard simply lists ฤ and ฦ with the consonants and lakkhangyao with the vowels. An isolated lakkhangyao
ISO_11940
Phonology of the English language
largely similar (but not identical) phonological systems. Among other things, most dialects have vowel reduction in unstressed syllables and a complex
English_phonology
Letter "Gha" in Indic scripts
consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all. As is common
Gha_(Indic)
Letter "Cha" in Indic scripts
consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all. As is common
Cha_(Indic)
Writing system of the Maya civilization
written, which meant that an extra vowel was written as well. This was typically an "echo" vowel that repeated the vowel of the previous syllable. For example
Maya_script
Writing systems for indigenous North American languages
stands for a syllable, and is modified to represent the vowel of that syllable. Such a system, now called an abugida, would have readily lent itself to
Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics
Diacritic that consists of two dots placed over a letter
vowels, as the diaeresis was relatively easy to produce on many systems, and the macron difficult or impossible. In Seneca, ⟨ë⟩ ⟨ö⟩ are nasal vowels,
Two_dots_(diacritic)
Hebrew niqqud vowel sign
Biblical Hebrew, shĕwa (Hebrew: שְׁוָא) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign written as two vertical dots ( ְ ) beneath a letter. It indicates either the phoneme
Shva
Local variants of the ancient Greek alphabet
grammarians. In Naxos the system was slightly different: here, too, the same letter was used for /h/ and for a long vowel, but only in those cases where
Archaic_Greek_alphabets
Punctuation conventions of the Hebrew language over time
two words should be considered one for the purpose of dagesh placement, vowels, stress (ṭaʿam, טַעַם), and cantillation. This use continues into the present
Hebrew_punctuation
Letter "Ṇa" in Indic scripts
consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all. As is common
Ṇa
Letter "Ga" in Indic scripts
without the headline or vertical stem, and the forms for different vowels are derived by mirroring. Unlike most writing systems without legacy computer
Ga_(Indic)
Semisyllabary used to transcribe Chinese
written as a vertical line () or a horizontal line (); both are accepted forms. Traditionally, it should be written as a horizontal line in vertical writing
Bopomofo
Letter "Bha" in Indic scripts
consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all. As is common
Bha_(Indic)
Letter "Jha" in Indic scripts
consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all. As is common
Jha_(Indic)
Fictional script in the fantasy works of J. R. R. Tolkien
to the left if the vowel comes before or to the right if after the consonants in horizontal writing. In vertical writing, vowels are written above and
Sarati
Latin letter O with two dots
rounded vowels [ø] or [œ] ; compare the vowel in "girl", which in these languages phonetically could be written: /görl/. In languages without such vowels, the
Ö
Cyrillic letter
/u/. In Tuvan and Kyrgyz the Cyrillic letter can be written as a double vowel. Ü ü : Latin letter U with diaeresis, used in the Azerbaijani, Estonian
Ue_(Cyrillic)
Letter "Dha" in Indic scripts
consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all. As is common
Dha_(Indic)
Diacritical mark (◌́)
the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. The acute accent was first used in French in 1530 by Geoffroy Tory, the
Acute_accent
Letter "Ba" in Indic scripts
consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all. As is common
Ba_(Indic)
Writing system used for Urdu
it can represent another vowel, holding a vowel diacritic that would normally be held by the consonant preceding the vowel, for example اُردو "Urdu"
Urdu_alphabet
Letter "Ṅa" in Indic scripts
consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all. As is common
Ṅa
Writing system for siNtu languages
to vowel height or frontedness, with high vowels /i/ and /u/ pointing upwards and the low vowel /a/ pointing downwards. Likewise, the front vowels /ɛ/
Ditema_tsa_Dinoko
Letter "Sa" in Indic scripts
without the headline or vertical stem, and the forms for different vowels are derived by mirroring. Unlike most writing systems without legacy computer
Sa_(Indic)
Writing system for Taiwanese Hokkien
pronounced [o] or [ɤ]. In syllables with a single vowel, the kana for the vowel is repeated, like the long vowels in Japanese. For example, カア [ka], キイ [ki]
Taiwanese_kana
Letter in Indic scripts
around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the
Ña
Japanese syllabary
systems. With few exceptions, each mora in the Japanese language is represented by one character (or one digraph) in each system. This may be a vowel
Hiragana
Ancient script of Central and South Asia
or ⟨𐨱⟩ The vowel ⟨𐨅⟩ is written vertically when combined with ⟨𐨠⟩, ⟨𐨤⟩, ⟨𐨥⟩, or ⟨𐨫⟩ The vowel ⟨𐨁⟩ is written as a small vertical stroke when combined
Kharosthi
Latin letter U with umlaut/diaeresis
denotes the letter U with a diaeresis mark, used on a U that follows another vowel to indicate the two are part of separate syllables instead of being a digraph
Ü
travel, tourism, insurance
VERTICAL VOWEL-SYSTEM
VERTICAL VOWEL-SYSTEM
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Flower
Male
Arthurian
, (lordly); a king of Brittany.
Boy/Male
Australian, French
Christmas
Girl/Female
Sikh
Metrical composition
Boy/Male
Dutch
Bird.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Lamp
Girl/Female
Hindu
Colorful
Male
Hebrew
(×™ï‹×ֵל) Hebrew name YOWEL means "Jehovah is God" or "to whom Jehovah is God." In the bible, this is the name of many characters, including one of the minor prophets. Joel is the Anglicized form.Â
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Telugu
Lamp; After Prey who Got You by God
Girl/Female
Tamil
Madhuchanda | மதà¯à®šà®‚தா
Metrical composition
Madhuchanda | மதà¯à®šà®‚தா
Girl/Female
Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Colourful
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Flower
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend Welsh
Killed by Arthur.
Boy/Male
British, English
Surname Related to Paul; Small
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Powell.North German : from a form of the personal name Paul.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Howell, HOWEL means "eminent, conspicuous."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Successful
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Towel
Boy/Male
Muslim
Flower
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Fowle.
VERTICAL VOWEL-SYSTEM
VERTICAL VOWEL-SYSTEM
VERTICAL VOWEL-SYSTEM
VERTICAL VOWEL-SYSTEM
VERTICAL VOWEL-SYSTEM
VERTICAL VOWEL-SYSTEM
VERTICAL VOWEL-SYSTEM
a.
Of or pertaining to measurement; as, the inch, foot, yard, etc., are metrical terms; esp., of or pertaining to the metric system.
n.
A single uncompounded vowel sound.
n.
One who maintains that the vowel points of the word Jehovah, in Hebrew, are the proper vowels of that word; -- opposed to adonist.
a.
Of or pertaining to the neck; as, the cervical vertebrae.
a.
Of or pertaining to vowel sounds; consisting of the vowel sounds.
v. t.
To smooth; to plane; as, to howel a cask.
n.
A vertical line, plane, or circle.
a.
Belonging to, or consisting of, bark or rind; resembling bark or rind; external; outer; superficial; as, the cortical substance of the kidney.
a.
Of or pertaining to a vowel; vocal.
n.
A contraction of two vowels (as the final and initial vowels of united words) into one long vowel, or into a diphthong; synaeresis; as, cogo for coago.
a.
Of or pertaining to a vowel; having the character of a vowel; vowel.
a.
Of or pertaining to a vortex or vortexes; resembling a vortex in form or motion; whirling; as, a vortical motion.
n.
A vocal, or sometimes a whispered, sound modified by resonance in the oral passage, the peculiar resonance in each case giving to each several vowel its distinctive character or quality as a sound of speech; -- distinguished from a consonant in that the latter, whether made with or without vocality, derives its character in every case from some kind of obstructive action by the mouth organs. Also, a letter or character which represents such a sound. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 5, 146-149.
v. t. & i.
To change into a diphthong, as by affixing another vowel to a simple vowel.
a.
Of or pertaining to the vertex; situated at the vertex, or highest point; directly overhead, or in the zenith; perpendicularly above one.
v. t.
To insert a rowel, or roll of hair or silk, into (as the flesh of a horse).
a.
Perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; upright; plumb; as, a vertical line.
a.
Of or pertaining to the meter; arranged in meter; consisting of verses; as, metrical compositions.
adv.
In a vertical manner, position, or direction; perpendicularly; as, to look down vertically; to raise a thing vertically.
n.
Vertical position; zenith.
travel, tourism, insurance