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Precise use of a material in agriculture
precision agriculture, variable rate application (VRA) refers to the application of a material, such that the rate of application is based on the precise
Variable_rate_application
Farming management strategy
forms of satellite and aerial imagery, weather prediction, variable rate fertilizer application, and crop health indicators. The second wave aggregates the
Precision_agriculture
Electronic agricultural data collection, storage, analysis, and sharing
technologies like yield mapping, GPS navigation, and tracking, and variable-rate application, fall under the domain of precision agriculture and digital agriculture
Digital_agriculture
Type of adjustable-speed drive
A variable-frequency drive (VFD, or adjustable-frequency drive, adjustable-speed drive, variable-speed drive, AC drive, micro drive, inverter drive, variable
Variable-frequency_drive
Network service contract
significantly reduced value to the application. The nrt-VBR service category is used for connections that transport variable bit rate traffic for which there is
Traffic_contract
Types of numerical variables in mathematics
equation describing the evolution of some variable over time is a differential equation. The instantaneous rate of change is a well-defined concept that
Continuous or discrete variable
Continuous_or_discrete_variable
Type of turbocharging technology
Variable-geometry turbochargers (VGTs), occasionally known as variable-nozzle turbochargers (VNTs), are a type of turbochargers, usually designed to allow
Variable-geometry turbocharger
Variable-geometry_turbocharger
Vertical rate of change of temperature in atmosphere
The lapse rate is the rate at which an atmospheric variable, normally temperature in Earth's atmosphere, falls with altitude. Lapse rate arises from the
Lapse_rate
Heating or air-conditioning system
configuration can deliver air at variable temperatures or air volumes to meet the heating and cooling loads as well as the ventilation rates required by the space
Variable_air_volume
Speech codec used by CDMA networks
Enhanced Variable Rate Codec B (EVRC-B) is a speech codec used by CDMA networks. EVRC-B is an enhancement to EVRC and compresses each 20 milliseconds
Enhanced Variable Rate Codec B
Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec_B
Topics referred to by the same term
sensor Breath rate sensor Oxygen transmission rate sensors Moisture vapor transmission rate sensors Sensor based Variable Rate Application This disambiguation
Rate_sensor
American agricultural equipment manufacturer
included continually updated mapping software, variable-rate product controllers, and variable-rate application systems. In 2001, the company was purchased
Ag-Chem_Equipment
all global variables is known as the global environment or global state. In compiled languages, global variables are generally static variables, whose extent
Glossary_of_computer_science
Type of on-demand printing in which text and graphics may be altered in-process
Variable data printing (VDP) (also known as variable information printing (VIP) or variable imaging (VI)) is a form of digital printing, including on-demand
Variable_data_printing
Audio compression codec designed for human speech
same bit-stream Wide range of bit rates available (from 2 to 44 kbit/s) Dynamic bit rate switching and Variable bit-rate (VBR) Voice Activity Detection (VAD
Speex
Computer network management and monitoring protocol
configuration. These variables can then be remotely queried (and, in some circumstances, manipulated) by network management applications. Three significant
Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple_Network_Management_Protocol
Mass of a substance which passes per unit of time
In elementary classical mechanics, mass flow rate is encountered when dealing with objects of variable mass, such as a rocket ejecting spent fuel. Often
Mass_flow_rate
Problems that make use of the relations to rates of change
rates have broad applications in these fields. Differentiation with respect to time or one of the other variables requires application of the chain rule
Related_rates
Tuning parameter (hyperparameter) in optimization
The decay application formula is here defined as: ηn=η0d⌊1+nr⌋ where ηn is the learning rate at iteration n, η0 is the initial learning rate, d is how
Learning_rate
Control loop feedback mechanism
force, feed rate, flow rate, chemical composition (component concentrations), weight, position, speed, and practically every other variable for which a
PID_controller
Variation in the time intervals between heartbeats
testing has shown that heart rate variability cannot be described as a low dimensional chaotic process. However, application of chaotic globals to HRV has
Heart_rate_variability
Information transmission rate expressed in bits per second
computing, bit rate (bitrate or as a variable R) is the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. The bit rate is expressed as
Bit_rate
Integral of a comparatively larger force over a short time interval
velocity of the object when the time interval begins. The application of Newton's second law for variable mass allows impulse and momentum to be used as analysis
Impulse_(physics)
reported to the application, that must take its own action to recover from them. AAL Type 2 supports time-dependent Variable Bit Rate (VBR-RT) of connection-oriented
ATM_adaptation_layer
Management of nutrients in agriculture
following crops. Variable rate application, combined with intensive soil or crop sampling, allows more precise and responsive application rates. Apply N close
Nutrient_management
Memory used temporarily in data transfers
difference between the rate at which data is received and the rate at which it can be processed, or in the case that these rates are variable, for example, in
Data_buffer
A variable rate feeder (often shortened to belt feeder, or simply feeder) is a piece of industrial control equipment used to deliver solid material at
Variable_rate_feeder
Comparison between nutrients in soil and in crops
the creation of site-specific management units. By utilizing Variable-Rate Application (VRA), managers can balance the nutrient budget by applying precise
Nutrient_budgeting
Air compressor using variable-speed drive technology
upgrades. However, variable speed drive compressors are not necessarily appropriate for all industrial applications. If a variable speed drive compressor
Variable-speed_air_compressor
Discrete probability distribution
kicks could be well modeled by a Poisson distribution.. A discrete random variable X is said to have a Poisson distribution with parameter λ>0 if it has a
Poisson_distribution
Star whose brightness fluctuates, as seen from Earth
A variable star is a star whose brightness as seen from Earth (its apparent magnitude) changes systematically with time. This variation may be caused by
Variable_star
Time density of the average information in a stochastic process
understood as a sequence of random variables, the entropy rate H(X) represents the average entropy change per one random variable, in the long term. It can be
Entropy_rate
Average uncertainty in variable's states
denotes the sum over the variable's possible values. The choice of base for log, the logarithm, varies for different applications. Base 2 gives the unit
Entropy_(information_theory)
Process of altering the timing of a valve lift event
Variable valve timing (VVT) is the process of altering the timing of a valve lift event in an internal combustion engine, and is often used to improve
Variable_valve_timing
Any analogy between electrical and mechanical systems, used for modelling
two variables making up the power conjugate pair as an effort variable and a flow variable. The effort variable in an energy domain is the variable analogous
Mechanical–electrical analogies
Mechanical–electrical_analogies
Device used to stop blood loss in an emergency
field trials, prompt application of emergency tourniquets before the patient goes into shock are associated with higher survival rates than any other scenario
Emergency_tourniquet
Digital electronic representation of moving visual images
quality at the smallest average bit rate (and the smallest file size, accordingly). This method produces a variable bitrate because it tracks the variations
Digital_video
Display screen technology
support a variable refresh rate aimed at avoiding tearing and reducing stuttering caused by misalignment between the screen's refresh rate and the content's
AMD_FreeSync
Scientific study of digital information
a property of the probability distribution of a random variable and gives a limit on the rate at which data generated by independent samples with the
Information_theory
Instantaneous rate of change (mathematics)
the instantaneous rate of change, the ratio of the instantaneous change in the dependent variable to that of the independent variable. The process of finding
Derivative
Branch of mathematics
Calculus is the "mathematical backbone" for solving problems in which variable quantities change with time or another reference value. It has also been
Calculus
Network scheduling algorithm used in ATM
used to limit to a bandwidth, rather than a packet/frame rate, in a protocol with variable length packets (link layer PDUs), it would involve multiplication:
Generic_cell_rate_algorithm
for the application. These fans are often used in mining applications. Variable pitch on-the-fly axial fans – These are similar to “Variable Pitch Axial
Industrial_fan
Topic in probability theory and statistics
random variable with shape and rate parameters (α, β), then Y = aX is a gamma random variable with parameters (α,β/a). If X is a gamma random variable with
Relationships among probability distributions
Relationships_among_probability_distributions
Conditional Poisson distribution restricted to positive integers
Poisson-distributed random variable, given that the value of the random variable is not zero. Thus it is impossible for a ZTP random variable to be zero. Consider
Zero-truncated Poisson distribution
Zero-truncated_Poisson_distribution
Measure of dependence between two variables
mutual information (MI) of two random variables is a measure of the mutual dependence between the two variables. More specifically, it quantifies the
Mutual_information
Experiment methodology
concept can be also extended to multiple variants of the same variable. It includes application of statistical hypothesis testing or "two-sample hypothesis
A/B_testing
Statistical model for a binary dependent variable
of the independent variables multiplicatively scales the odds of the given outcome at a constant rate, with each independent variable having its own parameter;
Logistic_regression
Probability distribution
distribution, often called the rate parameter. The distribution is supported on the interval [0, ∞). If a random variable X has this distribution, we write X
Exponential_distribution
Type of AC electric motor
in variable-speed applications using variable-frequency drives (VFD). VFD offers energy savings opportunities for induction motors in applications like
Induction_motor
Number of frames rendered in one second
rate to the display's refresh rate, increases input lag, and introduces judder. Variable refresh rate displays automatically set their refresh rate equal
Frame_rate
Interest rate for a whole year
misleading consumers about the financial implications of mortgages with variable rates, interest-only periods, or other unique features. APR does not encompass
Annual_percentage_rate
Valve that regulates the flow or pressure of a fluid
flow rate. Some designs incorporate a dual-chamber configuration that enhances regulation at lower pressures, improving stability in applications such
Flow_control_valve
Frequency with which an engineered system or component fails
\tau } is a dummy integration variable. Here f ( t ) {\displaystyle f(t)} can be thought of as the instantaneous failure rate, i.e. the probability of failure
Failure_rate
Gas compressor using a rotary positive-displacement mechanism
compressed-air receiver), modulation is suitable. The continuously variable production rate also eliminates the need for significant storage if the load never
Rotary-screw_compressor
Speed of the heartbeat, measured in beats per minute
Minute Calculator Tap along with your heart rate An application (open-source) for contactless real time heart rate measurements by means of an ordinary web
Heart_rate
Series of V8 engines built by Chrysler
year. The first for all applications was what Chrysler called Variable Camshaft Timing or VCT. VCT (which is essentially variable valve timing) uses an
Chrysler_Hemi_engine
Frequency divided by a characteristic frequency
is a ratio of a variable frequency ( f {\displaystyle f} ) and a constant frequency associated with a system (such as a sampling rate, f s {\displaystyle
Normalized frequency (signal processing)
Normalized_frequency_(signal_processing)
independent variable X affects dependent variable Y (e.g., "To what extent do changes in the unemployment rate (X) affect the inflation rate (Y)?"). Necessary
Data_analysis
Higher frame rates than typical prior practice
combination of the use of a hand crank rather than a motor, which created variable frame rates because of the inconsistency of the cranking of the film through
High_frame_rate
Type of two-dimensional barcode
faster reading of the optical image and greater data-storage capacity in applications such as product tracking, item identification, time tracking, document
QR_code
Type of problem involving ODEs or PDEs
independent variable in the equation whereas an initial value problem has all of the conditions specified at the same value of the independent variable (and
Boundary_value_problem
Device for measuring rate of fluid flow
volumetric flow rate of fluid in a closed tube. It belongs to a class of meters called variable-area flowmeters, which measure flow rate by allowing the
Rotameter
Target value for the process variable of a control system
essential variable, or process value (PV) of a control system, which may differ from the actual measured value of the variable. Departure of such a variable from
Setpoint_(control_system)
Type of diode
A varicap diode, varactor diode, variable capacitance diode, variable reactance diode or tuning diode is a type of diode designed to exploit the voltage-dependent
Varicap
Elastic object that stores mechanical energy
re-wind. The most common application is the retracting steel tape rule. Progressive rate coil springs A coil spring with a variable rate, usually achieved by
Spring_(device)
Grooves in a weapon barrel for accuracy
support jet. In these applications, it enables lighter barrel construction by reducing chamber pressures through low initial twist rates while ensuring the
Rifling
Transmission of data at irregular intervals
data is not transmitted at regular intervals, thus making possible variable bit rate, and that the transmitter and receiver clock generators do not have
Asynchronous_communication
Communication bandwidth management technique
shaping of sorts - for example, TCP's window mechanism implements a variable rate constraint related to bandwidth-delay product. TCP Nice, a modified
Traffic_shaping
Type of electrical transformer
and increased VA rating for a given size and mass. An example of an application of an autotransformer is one style of traveler's voltage converter, that
Autotransformer
Aircraft propulsion system efficient at a range of speeds higher and lower than sound's
A variable cycle engine (VCE), also referred to as adaptive cycle engine (ACE), is an aircraft jet engine that is designed to operate efficiently under
Variable_cycle_engine
Principle to predict effects of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium
auxiliary 'moderating' state variable X, with its conjugate state variable Y. For this to be of interest, the 'moderating' variable X must undergo a change
Le_Chatelier's_principle
Control system for the motion of a mechanical system
control mechanical position, speed, attitude or any other measurable variables. For example, an automotive power window control is not a servomechanism
Servomechanism
Concept in economics
endogenous variables change in the short run, given a change in one or more exogenous variables. The comparative statics method is an application of the implicit
Multiplier_(economics)
Mathematical function for the probability a given outcome occurs in an experiment
probability. Probability distributions are closely linked to random variables. A random variable is a function that assigns a value to each outcome of a probabilistic
Probability_distribution
Probability distribution
a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. The general form of its probability density function is f(x)=12πσ2exp(−(x−μ)22σ2)
Normal_distribution
Type of random variable ordering
another random variable B {\displaystyle B} . Many different orders exist, which have different applications. A real random variable A {\displaystyle
Stochastic_ordering
Continuous probability distribution
continuous probability distribution. It models a broad range of random variables, largely in the nature of a time to failure or time between events. Examples
Weibull_distribution
Quantification of bulk fluid movement
quantity volumetric flow rate while mass flow meters quantify mass flow rates. The common types of flowmeters with industrial applications are listed below:
Flow_measurement
Concept applicable to the testing of engineering models
as the application, usually scaled. Kinematic similarity – fluid flow of both the model and real application must undergo similar time rates of change
Similitude
Pricing method
A flat fee, also referred to as a flat rate or a linear rate refers to a pricing structure that charges a single fixed fee for a service, regardless of
Flat_rate
Type of fluid
blood. This application is highly favoured within the body, as it allows the viscosity of blood to decrease with increased shear strain rate. Fluids that
Non-Newtonian_fluid
Statistical method for handling multiple comparisons
In statistics, the false discovery rate (FDR) is a method of conceptualizing the rate of type I errors in null hypothesis testing when conducting multiple
False_discovery_rate
Study of rates of change
as the differential, and their applications. The derivative of a function at a chosen input equals the instantaneous rate of change of the function at that
Differential_calculus
covarions, or concomitantly variable codons, is a technique in computational phylogenetics that allows the hypothesized rate of molecular evolution at individual
Covarion
Mathematical model of interest rate terms
Fischer Black and Piotr Karasinski in 1991. The main state variable of the model is the short rate, which is assumed to follow the stochastic differential
Black–Karasinski_model
Mathematical technique for simplification
change of variables is a basic technique used to simplify problems in which the original variables are replaced with functions of other variables. The intent
Change_of_variables
Series of virtual framebuffers used by computer graphics systems
virtual framebuffers used by the graphics card and graphics API for frame rate stabilization, stutter reduction, and several other purposes. Because of
Swap_chain
Metric to evaluate a forecasting method
finance. MDA is used in economics applications where the economist is often interested only in directional movement of variable of interest. As an example in
Mean_directional_accuracy
Better to receive money now than later
case, the variables might be: a balance (the real or nominal value of a debt or a financial asset in terms of monetary units), a periodic rate of interest
Time_value_of_money
Category of cloud computing
services to run their applications. Without IaaS, it would be extremely difficult to make an SaaS product scalable for a variable number of users while
Software_as_a_service
Frequency at which a display hardware displays a new image
unsupported refresh rate. Some displays support variable refresh rate (VRR), the ability to change their refresh rate on-the-fly. VRR can be used to save power
Refresh_rate
Mathematical relation defining a sequence
model the evolution through time of variables such as gross domestic product, the inflation rate, the exchange rate, etc. They are used in modeling such
Linear recurrence with constant coefficients
Linear_recurrence_with_constant_coefficients
Type of motor vehicle steering device
concentrates on the application of active steering in BMW passenger cars. Active steering describes a type of power electric variable gear ratio power steering
Active_steering
Probability distribution
"A probabilistic approach to the moments of binomial random variables and application", The American Statistician, 75 (1): 101–103, doi:10.1080/00031305
Binomial_distribution
Interest-rate model describing the stochastic evolution of the instantaneous short rate
evolution of the short rate, usually written r t {\displaystyle r_{t}\,} . Under a short rate model, the stochastic state variable is taken to be the instantaneous
Short-rate_model
Irregular frame delivery causing perceived stutter despite adequate average frame rates
the experience in interactive applications such as video games. In severe cases a lower but more consistent frame rate can appear smoother than a higher
Micro_stuttering
Mathematics of real numbers and real functions
a simple answer. Differentiation measures the local rate of change of a function. In one variable, the derivative gives the slope of the best linear approximation
Real_analysis
Corrosion test method
maintained under constant steady state conditions. The test duration is variable. ASTM G85 Annex A2 – Acidified Salt Fog Test (cyclic). This test can be
Salt_spray_test
Type of functional equation (mathematics)
their derivatives. In applications, the functions generally represent physical quantities, the derivatives represent their rates of change, and the differential
Differential_equation
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