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  • Hidden-variable theory
  • Type of quantum mechanics theory

    In physics, a hidden-variable theory is a deterministic model which seeks to explain the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics by introducing additional

    Hidden-variable theory

    Hidden-variable_theory

  • Local hidden-variable theory
  • Interpretation of quantum mechanics

    the interpretation of quantum mechanics, a local hidden-variable theory is a hidden-variable theory that satisfies the principle of locality. These models

    Local hidden-variable theory

    Local_hidden-variable_theory

  • Hidden variable
  • Topics referred to by the same term

    yet-unseen or unmeasurable factors Local hidden-variable theory, in quantum mechanics, a hidden-variable theory in which distant events are assumed to have

    Hidden variable

    Hidden_variable

  • Bell's theorem
  • Theorem in physics

    which determine that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local hidden-variable theories, given some basic assumptions about the nature of measurement.

    Bell's theorem

    Bell's_theorem

  • Implicate and explicate order
  • Ontological concepts for quantum theory

    Before developing his implicit order approach, Bohm had proposed a hidden variable theory of quantum physics (see Bohm interpretation). According to Bohm

    Implicate and explicate order

    Implicate_and_explicate_order

  • Superdeterminism
  • Class of theories in quantum mechanics

    them, the assumptions of the theorem are no longer fulfilled. A hidden-variable theory which is superdeterministic can thus fulfill Bell's notion of local

    Superdeterminism

    Superdeterminism

  • Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox
  • Historical critique of quantum mechanics

    were not part of quantum theory, and speculated that it should be possible to construct a theory containing these hidden variables. Resolutions of the paradox

    Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox

    Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox

    Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen_paradox

  • Kochen–Specker theorem
  • Theorem constraining types of hidden-variable theories

    1967. It places certain constraints on the permissible types of hidden-variable theories, which try to explain the predictions of quantum mechanics in a

    Kochen–Specker theorem

    Kochen–Specker_theorem

  • John Stewart Bell
  • Northern Irish physicist (1928–1990)

    Bell's theorem, an important theorem in quantum physics regarding hidden-variable theories. In 2022, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Alain Aspect

    John Stewart Bell

    John Stewart Bell

    John_Stewart_Bell

  • Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph theorem
  • Theorem pertaining to the ontology of quantum mechanics

    predictions of quantum mechanics with local hidden variable theories and noncontextual hidden variable theories. Similarly, the PBR theorem could be said

    Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph theorem

    Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph_theorem

  • CHSH inequality
  • Testable implication of local hidden-variable theories

    entanglement in quantum mechanics cannot be reproduced by local hidden-variable theories. Experimental verification of the inequality being violated is

    CHSH inequality

    CHSH_inequality

  • Quantum entanglement
  • Physics phenomenon

    nonexistence of a local hidden-variable model, such as whether states can be distinguished by local measurements. Moreover, quantum field theory is often said to

    Quantum entanglement

    Quantum entanglement

    Quantum_entanglement

  • Principle of locality
  • Physical principle that only immediate surroundings can influence an object

    field theory will respect causality. Cluster decomposition Counterfactual definiteness Einstein's thought experiments Local hidden-variable theory Non-locality

    Principle of locality

    Principle_of_locality

  • De Broglie–Bohm theory
  • Interpretation of quantum mechanics

    deterministic. The de Broglie–Bohm theory is an example of a hidden-variables theory. Bohm originally hoped that hidden variables could provide a local, causal

    De Broglie–Bohm theory

    De_Broglie–Bohm_theory

  • Bell test
  • Experiments to test Bell's theorem in quantum mechanics

    the presence of some additional local variables (called "hidden" because they are not a feature of quantum theory) to explain the behavior of particles

    Bell test

    Bell_test

  • Copenhagen interpretation
  • Interpretation of quantum mechanics

    to that question of "hidden variables" was "yes". By contrast, Max Jammer writes "Einstein never proposed a hidden variable theory." Einstein explored

    Copenhagen interpretation

    Copenhagen_interpretation

  • Interpretations of quantum mechanics
  • Area of physical and philosophical debate

    the usual uncertainty principle constraint. The theory is considered to be a hidden-variable theory, and by embracing non-locality it satisfies Bell's

    Interpretations of quantum mechanics

    Interpretations_of_quantum_mechanics

  • David Bohm
  • American-Brazilian-British scientist (1917–1992)

    theory. He initially called his approach a hidden variable theory, but he later called it ontological theory, reflecting his view that a stochastic process

    David Bohm

    David Bohm

    David_Bohm

  • Mermin's device
  • Thought experiment in quantum mechanics

    demonstrate how quantum mechanics cannot be explained using a local hidden variable theory. In this way Mermin's device is a pedagogical tool to introduce

    Mermin's device

    Mermin's_device

  • Quantum correlation
  • Aspect of quantum measurement

    discrimination between quantum mechanics and local realism or local hidden-variable theory. Quantum correlations give rise to various phenomena, including

    Quantum correlation

    Quantum_correlation

  • Frederik Belinfante
  • Dutch physicist (1913–1991)

    Measurement and Time Reversal in Objective Quantum Theory (1975) and Survey of Hidden Variable Theories (1973), both part of the Monographs in Natural Philosophy

    Frederik Belinfante

    Frederik_Belinfante

  • Bohr–Einstein debates
  • Series of public disputes between physicists Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein

    local hidden variable theories, Bohm's theory was not ruled out. A 2007 experiment ruled out a large class of non-Bohmian non-local hidden variable theories

    Bohr–Einstein debates

    Bohr–Einstein debates

    Bohr–Einstein_debates

  • Spekkens toy model
  • Epistemic model

    The Spekkens toy model is a conceptually simple toy hidden-variable theory introduced by Robert Spekkens in 2004, to argue in favour of the epistemic view

    Spekkens toy model

    Spekkens_toy_model

  • Quantum contextuality
  • Context dependence in quantum measurements

    revealing pre-existing values. Any attempt to do so in a realistic hidden-variable theory leads to values that are dependent upon the choice of the other

    Quantum contextuality

    Quantum_contextuality

  • Gleason's theorem
  • Theorem in quantum mechanics

    significant for the role it played in showing that wide classes of hidden-variable theories are inconsistent with quantum physics. Multiple variations have

    Gleason's theorem

    Gleason's_theorem

  • Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state
  • "Highly entangled" quantum state of 3 or more qubits

    experiments that directly contradict predictions by every classical local hidden-variable theory. The state has applications in quantum computing. The four-particle

    Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state

    Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state

    Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger_state

  • Hidden Markov model
  • Statistical Markov model

    of the hidden variable x(t) at time t, given the values of the hidden variable x at all times, depends only on the value of the hidden variable x(t − 1);

    Hidden Markov model

    Hidden_Markov_model

  • LHV
  • Topics referred to by the same term

    Vehicle, a type of commercial vehicle in the United Kingdom Local hidden-variable theory, a hypothetical manifestation of unknown classical physical parameters

    LHV

    LHV

  • Many-worlds interpretation
  • Interpretation of quantum mechanics

    decoherence interpretations, the Copenhagen interpretation, and hidden variable theories such as Bohmian mechanics. In the many-worlds interpretation, the

    Many-worlds interpretation

    Many-worlds interpretation

    Many-worlds_interpretation

  • Relational quantum mechanics
  • Interpretation of quantum mechanics

    is not a complete theory, and that by adding more structure we could arrive at a universal description (the troubled hidden variables approach). Yet another

    Relational quantum mechanics

    Relational_quantum_mechanics

  • Farkas' lemma
  • Solvability theorem for finite systems of linear inequalities

    necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a local hidden-variable theory, given data from any specific set of measurements. Generalizations

    Farkas' lemma

    Farkas'_lemma

  • Grete Hermann
  • German mathematician (1901–1984)

    that there was no way to explain quantum mechanics in terms of a hidden variable theory. However, she published a critique of John von Neumann's 1932 proof

    Grete Hermann

    Grete_Hermann

  • Complex analysis
  • Branch of mathematics studying functions of a complex variable

    known as the theory of functions of a complex variable, is the branch of mathematical analysis that investigates functions of a complex variable of complex

    Complex analysis

    Complex analysis

    Complex_analysis

  • Stuart Freedman
  • American physicist (1944–2012)

    inequality, which distinguishes orthodox quantum mechanics from hidden variable theories. Following the proposal of Clauser, Horne, Shimony, and Holt, Freedman

    Stuart Freedman

    Stuart Freedman

    Stuart_Freedman

  • Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
  • 1932 book by John von Neumann

    0 {\displaystyle 0} ⁠). Thus there still the possibility that a hidden variable theory could reproduce quantum mechanics statistically. However, Hermann's

    Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics

    Mathematical_Foundations_of_Quantum_Mechanics

  • No-communication theorem
  • Principle in quantum information theory

    the standard view of quantum mechanics and rejecting Einstein's hidden variable theory. Furthermore, since electrons are easily detectable, the detection

    No-communication theorem

    No-communication_theorem

  • Latent and observable variables
  • Variables that are measurable, whether directly or indirectly

    In statistics, latent variables (from Latin: present participle of lateo 'lie hidden'[citation needed]) are variables that can only be inferred indirectly

    Latent and observable variables

    Latent_and_observable_variables

  • Bell state
  • Quantum states of two qubits

    "agreement", called more formally a hidden variable. In his famous paper of 1964, John S. Bell showed by simple probability theory arguments that these correlations

    Bell state

    Bell_state

  • Tsirelson's bound
  • Theoretical upper limit to non-local correlations in quantum mechanics

    violates Bell inequalities (i.e., it cannot be described by a local hidden-variable theory), a natural question to ask is how large can the violation be. The

    Tsirelson's bound

    Tsirelson's_bound

  • Born rule
  • Calculation rule in quantum mechanics

    significant for the role it played in showing that wide classes of hidden-variable theories are inconsistent with quantum physics. Several other researchers

    Born rule

    Born_rule

  • Ernst Specker
  • Swiss mathematician (1920–2011)

    theory with a universal set, but he is most famous for the Kochen–Specker theorem in quantum mechanics, showing that certain types of hidden-variable

    Ernst Specker

    Ernst Specker

    Ernst_Specker

  • Hydrodynamic quantum analogs
  • Similar behavior of quantum systems to droplets bouncing on a fluid

    is an example of a hidden variable theory, and all non-relativistic quantum mechanics can be accounted for in this theory. The theory was abandoned by de

    Hydrodynamic quantum analogs

    Hydrodynamic quantum analogs

    Hydrodynamic_quantum_analogs

  • Wave function collapse
  • Process by which a quantum system takes on a definitive state

    group includes hidden-variable theories like de Broglie–Bohm theory; here random outcomes only result from unknown values of hidden variables. Results from

    Wave function collapse

    Wave function collapse

    Wave_function_collapse

  • Quantum nonlocality
  • Deviations from local realism

    multipartite quantum system do not allow an interpretation with local hidden variables. Quantum nonlocality has been experimentally verified under a variety

    Quantum nonlocality

    Quantum_nonlocality

  • List of mathematical topics in quantum theory
  • locality principle Bell's theorem Bell test loopholes CHSH inequality hidden variable theory path integral formulation, quantum action Bohm interpretation many-worlds

    List of mathematical topics in quantum theory

    List_of_mathematical_topics_in_quantum_theory

  • Action at a distance
  • Concept in physics

    affect the outcome of experiments. In the words of Bell, "If [a hidden-variable theory] is local it will not agree with quantum mechanics, and if it agrees

    Action at a distance

    Action_at_a_distance

  • HVT
  • Topics referred to by the same term

    refer to: Havertys, an American furniture retailer Heavyweight Hidden-variable theory High-value target (also HVI, high-value individual) Housing Vermont

    HVT

    HVT

  • Philosophy of physics
  • Truths and principles of the study of matter, space, time and energy

    which determine that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local hidden-variable theories given some basic assumptions about the nature of measurement. "Local"

    Philosophy of physics

    Philosophy_of_physics

  • Toy model
  • Deliberately simplistic scientific model

    mechanics; the Spekkens model, a hidden-variable theory; the primon gas, which illustrates some connections between number theory and physics. Look up toy model

    Toy model

    Toy_model

  • Free will theorem
  • Quantum physics theorem on causality

    and Landsman regarding hidden-variable theories: "There has been a similar tension between the idea that the hidden variables (in the pertinent causal

    Free will theorem

    Free_will_theorem

  • Counterfactual definiteness
  • Concept in quantum mechanics

    " says, "In 1964 Bell published a proof that any deterministic hidden variable theory that reproduces the quantum mechanical statistics must be nonlocal

    Counterfactual definiteness

    Counterfactual_definiteness

  • Minority interpretations of quantum mechanics
  • John Archibald Wheeler about quantum information. "Bohm-like" (hidden variable) theories as a whole are a "minority view" as compared to Copenhagen-type

    Minority interpretations of quantum mechanics

    Minority_interpretations_of_quantum_mechanics

  • Unobservable
  • Entity not directly observable by humans

    sense-faculties of man. Banach–Tarski paradox Empiricism Future Hidden-variable theory If a tree falls in a forest Logical positivism Object of the mind

    Unobservable

    Unobservable

  • Quantum logic
  • Theory of logic to account for observations from quantum theory

    sprung up, either hoping that quantum logic would provide a viable hidden-variable theory, or obviate the need for one. Their work proved fruitless, and now

    Quantum logic

    Quantum_logic

  • Spontaneous emission
  • Quantum mechanical state change

    ISSN 0031-9007. Clauser, John F. (1969). "Proposed Experiment to Test Local Hidden-Variable Theories". Physical Review Letters. 23 (15): 880–884. Bibcode:1969PhRvL

    Spontaneous emission

    Spontaneous_emission

  • Latent variable model
  • Statistical model relating manifest and latent variables

    A latent variable model is a statistical model that relates a set of observable variables (also called manifest variables or indicators) to a set of latent

    Latent variable model

    Latent_variable_model

  • Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods
  • 1993 physics textbook by Asher Peres

    incompatible with local hidden-variable theories. (Within its substantial discussion of the failure of hidden variable theories, the book includes a FORTRAN

    Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods

    Quantum_Theory:_Concepts_and_Methods

  • Information
  • Facts provided or learned about something or someone

    Bell's theorem, determinists reconciled with this behavior using hidden variable theories, which argued that the information necessary to predict the future

    Information

    Information

    Information

  • N. David Mermin
  • American physicist

    note how the three-particle GHZ state demonstrates that no local hidden-variable theory can explain quantum correlations, and together with Asher Peres

    N. David Mermin

    N. David Mermin

    N._David_Mermin

  • Gerard 't Hooft
  • Dutch theoretical physicist

    argued that such a theory could avoid the usual Bell inequality arguments that would disallow such a local hidden-variable theory. In 2016 he published

    Gerard 't Hooft

    Gerard 't Hooft

    Gerard_'t_Hooft

  • Antony Valentini
  • British theoretical physicist (born 1965)

    in hidden-variables theories, Physics Letters A, vol. 297, no. 5-6, 20 May 2002, p. 273-278 online from arxiv.org Antony Valentini: Hidden Variables, Statistical

    Antony Valentini

    Antony_Valentini

  • Quantum Experiments at Space Scale
  • Chinese quantum research satellite

    foundations of quantum mechanics. Bell's theorem says that no local hidden-variable theory can ever reproduce the predictions of quantum physics, and QUESS

    Quantum Experiments at Space Scale

    Quantum_Experiments_at_Space_Scale

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale

    quantum theory provides. A collection of results, most significantly Bell's theorem, have demonstrated that broad classes of such hidden-variable theories are

    Quantum mechanics

    Quantum mechanics

    Quantum_mechanics

  • Measurement in quantum mechanics
  • Interaction of a quantum system with a classical observer

    theory can provide? A collection of results, most significantly Bell's theorem, have demonstrated that broad classes of such hidden-variable theories

    Measurement in quantum mechanics

    Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics

  • Indeterminism
  • Philosophical concept

    S. Bell was able to define a theoretical test for these local hidden variable theories, which was reformulated as a workable experimental test through

    Indeterminism

    Indeterminism

  • Einstein's unsuccessful investigations
  • Investigations by Albert Einstein

    Stewart Bell proved his Bell's theorem that would allow to test local hidden-variable theory. Conclusive experimental evidence was obtained in 1982 with Aspect's

    Einstein's unsuccessful investigations

    Einstein's_unsuccessful_investigations

  • Hidden universe
  • Topics referred to by the same term

    (disambiguation) The Hidden Reality (book) 2011 physics book by Brian Greene Hidden sector (physics), the hidden part of the universe Hidden-variable theory (physics)

    Hidden universe

    Hidden_universe

  • Faster-than-light
  • Propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light

    his colleagues has determined that in any hypothetical non-local hidden-variable theory, the speed of the quantum non-local connection (what Einstein called

    Faster-than-light

    Faster-than-light

  • John von Neumann
  • Hungarian and American mathematician and physicist (1903–1957)

    out hidden variable theories. The validity of Bub's argument is, in turn, disputed. Gleason's theorem of 1957 provided an argument against hidden variables

    John von Neumann

    John von Neumann

    John_von_Neumann

  • Edward Nelson
  • American mathematician (1932–2014)

    Probability Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-08473-4. LCCN 87003160. OCLC 15591889. Physics portal mathematics portal Hidden variable theory

    Edward Nelson

    Edward_Nelson

  • Asher Peres
  • Israeli physicist

    approaches. Among its substantial discussion of the failure of hidden variable theories, the book includes a FORTRAN program for testing whether a list

    Asher Peres

    Asher Peres

    Asher_Peres

  • Ghirardi–Rimini–Weber theory
  • Objective collapse theory in quantum mechanics

    feature that the GRW theory shares with the standard Interpretations of quantum mechanics, and distinguishes it from hidden variable theories, like the de Broglie–Bohm

    Ghirardi–Rimini–Weber theory

    Ghirardi–Rimini–Weber_theory

  • Introduction to quantum mechanics
  • Non-mathematical introduction

    these experiments are incompatible with any local hidden variable theory. The idea of quantum field theory began in the late 1920s with British physicist

    Introduction to quantum mechanics

    Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics

  • John Clauser
  • American physicist (born 1942)

    Clauser, John F. (April 3, 1972). "Experimental Test of Local Hidden-Variable Theories". Physical Review Letters. 28 (14): 938-941. Bibcode:1972PhRvL

    John Clauser

    John Clauser

    John_Clauser

  • Alain Aspect
  • French physicist (born 1947)

    experimental demonstrations that quantum mechanics invalidates separable hidden-variable theories and the first to demonstrate experimentally the wave–particle duality

    Alain Aspect

    Alain Aspect

    Alain_Aspect

  • Axiom
  • Statement that is taken to be true

    the Hidden variable case. The experiment was conducted first by Alain Aspect in the early 1980s, and the result excluded the simple hidden variable mop:

    Axiom

    Axiom

    Axiom

  • Quantum Computing: A Gentle Introduction
  • the EPR paradox, Bell's theorem on the impossibility of local hidden variable theories, as quantified by Bell's inequality. Chapter 5 discusses unitary

    Quantum Computing: A Gentle Introduction

    Quantum_Computing:_A_Gentle_Introduction

  • Quantum foundations
  • Branch of knowledge concerned with building intuition for quantum theory

    can observe correlations which cannot be explained with any local hidden variable theory. Whether this should be regarded as proving that the physical world

    Quantum foundations

    Quantum_foundations

  • Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
  • Mathematical structures that allow quantum mechanics to be explained

    incomplete, which motivated research into so-called hidden-variable theories. The issue of hidden variables has become in part an experimental issue with the

    Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics

    Mathematical_formulation_of_quantum_mechanics

  • Randomness
  • Apparent lack of pattern or predictability in events

    only the probabilities. Hidden variable theories reject the view that nature contains irreducible randomness: such theories posit that in the processes

    Randomness

    Randomness

    Randomness

  • Board puzzles with algebra of binary variables
  • binary variables ask players to locate the hidden objects based on a set of clue cells and their neighbors marked as variables (unknowns). A variable with

    Board puzzles with algebra of binary variables

    Board_puzzles_with_algebra_of_binary_variables

  • Vandana Shiva
  • Indian philosopher, scientist and environmentalist

    "Hidden Variables and Locality in Quantum Theory" in which she discussed the mathematical and philosophical implications of hidden variable theories that

    Vandana Shiva

    Vandana Shiva

    Vandana_Shiva

  • Beam splitter
  • Optical device which splits a beam of light in two

    demonstrate consequences of quantum entanglement and exclude local hidden-variable theories Wheeler's delayed choice experiment of 1978, 1984 etc., to test

    Beam splitter

    Beam splitter

    Beam_splitter

  • Pattern theory
  • Mathematical formalism describing knowledge of the world as patterns

    commonplace. Formulate prior distributions for hidden variables and models for the observed variables that form the vertices of a Gibbs-like graph. Study

    Pattern theory

    Pattern_theory

  • Andrew M. Gleason
  • American mathematician and educator (1921–2008)

    of hidden variable theories for quantum mechanics, strengthening a previous argument of John von Neumann. Von Neumann had claimed to show that hidden variable

    Andrew M. Gleason

    Andrew M. Gleason

    Andrew_M._Gleason

  • Observer effect (physics)
  • Fact that observing a situation changes it

    self-adjoint operator that represents the possible results of a random variable. Observer (special relativity) Dirac, P.A.M. (1967). The Principles of

    Observer effect (physics)

    Observer_effect_(physics)

  • Lee Smolin
  • American theoretical physicist (born 1955)

    early 1980s on a series of proposals for hidden variables theories, which would be non-local deterministic theories which would give a precise description

    Lee Smolin

    Lee Smolin

    Lee_Smolin

  • Stochastic quantum mechanics
  • Interpretation of quantum mechanics

    open the possibility that this dice game is replaced by a hidden variable theory, as in the theory of Brownian motion. The remainder of this article deals

    Stochastic quantum mechanics

    Stochastic_quantum_mechanics

  • Abner Shimony
  • American physicist and philosopher

    Shimony; R.A. Holt (1969), "Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories", Phys. Rev. Lett., 23 (15): 880–4, Bibcode:1969PhRvL..23..880C

    Abner Shimony

    Abner_Shimony

  • Pauli exclusion principle
  • Quantum mechanics principle

    (reduced Planck constant) times a half-integer (1/2, 3/2, 5/2, etc.). In the theory of quantum mechanics, fermions are described by antisymmetric states. In

    Pauli exclusion principle

    Pauli exclusion principle

    Pauli_exclusion_principle

  • Kolkata Paise Restaurant Problem
  • Mathematical game of resource allocation

    Shimony and Holt in the context of the hidden variable theory, and later became a prototype example in quantum game theory. The 'game' was also used as a test

    Kolkata Paise Restaurant Problem

    Kolkata_Paise_Restaurant_Problem

  • Leggett inequality
  • Experimentally violated inequality of correlations of entangled particles

    inequality Leggett–Garg inequality Leggett, A. J. (2003). "Nonlocal Hidden-Variable Theories and Quantum Mechanics: An Incompatibility Theorem". Foundations

    Leggett inequality

    Leggett_inequality

  • Integrated quantum photonics
  • Photonics to control quantum states

    460. Freedman SJ, Clauser JF (1972). "Experimental Test of Local Hidden-Variable Theories" (PDF). Phys. Rev. Lett. 28 (14): 938–941. Bibcode:1972PhRvL..28

    Integrated quantum photonics

    Integrated_quantum_photonics

  • Mutual information
  • Measure of dependence between two variables

    probability theory and information theory, the mutual information (MI) of two random variables is a measure of the mutual dependence between the two variables. More

    Mutual information

    Mutual information

    Mutual_information

  • Determinism
  • Philosophical view that events are determined by prior events

    Specker, which argues that hidden variable theories cannot be "sensible", meaning that the values of the hidden variables inherently depend on the devices

    Determinism

    Determinism

    Determinism

  • Quantum game theory
  • Academic discipline

    Shimony; R.A. Holt (1969), "Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories", Phys. Rev. Lett., 23 (15): 880–4, Bibcode:1969PhRvL..23..880C

    Quantum game theory

    Quantum_game_theory

  • Relativistic quantum mechanics
  • Quantum mechanics taking into account particles near or at the speed of light

    the EPR paradox, showing that QM cannot be derived from local hidden-variable theories if locality is to be maintained. In 1947, the Lamb shift was discovered:

    Relativistic quantum mechanics

    Relativistic_quantum_mechanics

  • Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics
  • the known mesons. 1964 John Stewart Bell shows that all local hidden variable theories must satisfy Bell's inequality 1964 Peter Higgs considers the breaking

    Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics

    Timeline_of_atomic_and_subatomic_physics

  • Stephen L. Adler
  • American physicist

    quantum potential term or stochastic terms, and to hidden variable theories. PVLAS Quantum Theory as an Emergent Phenomenon: The Statistical Mechanics

    Stephen L. Adler

    Stephen_L._Adler

  • Hidden subgroup problem
  • Very general problem in computer science

    theory of quantum computing because Shor's algorithms for factoring and finding discrete logarithms in quantum computing are instances of the hidden subgroup

    Hidden subgroup problem

    Hidden_subgroup_problem

AI & ChatGPT searchs for online references containing HIDDEN VARIABLE-THEORY

HIDDEN VARIABLE-THEORY

AI search references containing HIDDEN VARIABLE-THEORY

HIDDEN VARIABLE-THEORY

  • Linden
  • Boy/Male

    American, Australian, British, English

    Linden

    From the Linden Tree Hill

    Linden

  • HEIDEN
  • Male

    German

    HEIDEN

    Middle High German byname HEIDEN means "heathen." The composer Josef Haydn's surname was a respelling of this name.

    HEIDEN

  • Darnetta
  • Girl/Female

    English

    Darnetta

    Hidden.

    Darnetta

  • Hidden
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Hidden

    English : habitational name from Hidden in Berkshire or Clayhidon in Devon, recorded in Domesday Book as Hidone, from Old English hī(e)g ‘hay’ + dūn ‘hill’.

    Hidden

  • Linden
  • Surname or Lastname

    Dutch, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic)

    Linden

    Dutch, German, and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant (plural) of Linde.English : variant spelling of Lindon.Belgian and Dutch (van Linden) : habitational name from places called Linden in Brabant and North Brabant.Dutch (van der Linden) : habitational name from any of numerous places called Ter Linde.Irish : reduced form of McLinden.Swedish (Lindén) : ornamental name from lind ‘lime tree’ + the common suffix -én, from the Latin adjectival ending -enius.

    Linden

  • AIDEN
  • Male

    English

    AIDEN

    Variant spelling of English Aidan, AIDEN means "little fire."

    AIDEN

  • Hilder
  • Surname or Lastname

    English (mainly Sussex and Kent)

    Hilder

    English (mainly Sussex and Kent) : topographic name from Middle English hilder ‘dweller on a slope’ (from Old English hylde ‘slope’).

    Hilder

  • Gearey
  • Boy/Male

    Anglo, British, English

    Gearey

    Variable

    Gearey

  • Linden
  • Girl/Female

    American, Australian, British, Christian, English

    Linden

    Lives by the Linden Tree Hill

    Linden

  • Khunays |
  • Boy/Male

    Muslim

    Khunays |

    Hidden

    Khunays |

  • Hedden
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Hedden

    English : habitational name from various places such as Headon, Nottinghamshire, Hedon in East Yorkshire, and Heddon on the Wall and Black Heddon. Northumberland. The first is probably named from Old English hēah ‘high’ + dūn ‘hill’; the others have the same second element, combined with Old English hǣþ ‘heath’, ‘heather’.North German (Frisian) : variant of Hadden.

    Hedden

  • AIDEEN
  • Female

    English

    AIDEEN

    Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Étaín, AIDEEN means "face."

    AIDEEN

  • Darnell
  • Girl/Female

    English

    Darnell

    Hidden.

    Darnell

  • Linden
  • Girl/Female

    English

    Linden

    The linden tree.

    Linden

  • Howden
  • Surname or Lastname

    Scottish

    Howden

    Scottish : habitational name from a place so called near Kelso on the border with England. Early forms include Hadden, Hauden, and Halden; the place name is probably from Old English halh ‘nook’, ‘recess’ + denu ‘valley’.English : habitational name from a place in East Yorkshire, so named from Old Norse hǫfuð ‘head’ (replacing Old English hēafod) + Old English denu ‘valley’; the first element may have been used in the sense ‘principal’, ‘top’, or ‘end’.Americanized form of Norwegian Hovden.

    Howden

  • Hadden
  • Surname or Lastname

    Scottish

    Hadden

    Scottish : variant of Howden 1.English : variant of Haddon.Irish (Ulster and County Louth) : though mainly Scottish, this surname is sometimes used as an Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hÉidín ‘descendant of Éidín’ (see Hayden).North German (Frisian) : from the personal name Hadder, a derivative of any of the Germanic compound names formed with had ‘battle’, ‘strife’ as the first element.

    Hadden

  • LINDEN
  • Male

    English

    LINDEN

    Variant spelling of English Lyndon, LINDEN means "lime tree hill." Or from the vocabulary word, linden, meaning "lime tree."

    LINDEN

  • Hebden
  • Surname or Lastname

    English (Yorkshire)

    Hebden

    English (Yorkshire) : habitational name from Hebden in North Yorkshire or Hebden Bridge in West Yorkshire, both named from Old English hēope ‘rose-hip’ + denu ‘valley’.

    Hebden

  • Darnisha
  • Girl/Female

    English

    Darnisha

    Hidden.

    Darnisha

  • Khani |
  • Girl/Female

    Muslim

    Khani |

    Hidden

    Khani |

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Online names & meanings

  • Durwyn
  • Boy/Male

    American, Anglo, British, English, French

    Durwyn

    Friend of the Deer; Dear Friend

  • Faerie
  • Girl/Female

    Arabic

    Faerie

    Tall; Pretty

  • Deverra
  • Girl/Female

    Latin

    Deverra

    Goddess of birthing.

  • Chinnamastika
  • Girl/Female

    Indian

    Chinnamastika

    Goddess Durga

  • Warizah
  • Girl/Female

    Indian

    Warizah

    Happiness, Bubbly

  • Deeksha
  • Girl/Female

    Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu

    Deeksha

    Initiation; To Teach Learner; To Teach Students; Good Thoughts of Hindu Religions to Students (who Wants to Meet God and Wants to Became Social Worker)

  • White
  • Girl/Female

    British, English

    White

    Bright; Pure; Name of Colour

  • Jabbok
  • Girl/Female

    Biblical

    Jabbok

    Evacuation, dissipation, wrestling.

  • Tanjan
  • Girl/Female

    Gujarati, Indian

    Tanjan

    Fair

  • Arwah
  • Boy/Male

    Arabic, Muslim

    Arwah

    More Delicate; More Gracious

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Other words and meanings similar to

HIDDEN VARIABLE-THEORY

AI search in online dictionary sources & meanings containing HIDDEN VARIABLE-THEORY

HIDDEN VARIABLE-THEORY

  • Variable
  • a.

    Having the capacity of varying or changing; capable of alternation in any manner; changeable; as, variable winds or seasons; a variable quantity.

  • Arable
  • n.

    Arable land; plow land.

  • Invariable
  • n.

    An invariable quantity; a constant.

  • Variable
  • n.

    That which is variable; that which varies, or is subject to change.

  • Hiddenly
  • adv.

    In a hidden manner.

  • Amiable
  • a.

    Friendly; kindly; sweet; gracious; as, an amiable temper or mood; amiable ideas.

  • Hidden
  • p. p.

    of Hide

  • Valuable
  • a.

    Having value or worth; possessing qualities which are useful and esteemed; precious; costly; as, a valuable horse; valuable land; a valuable cargo.

  • Variable
  • a.

    Liable to vary; too susceptible of change; mutable; fickle; unsteady; inconstant; as, the affections of men are variable; passions are variable.

  • Hoyden
  • n.

    Same as Hoiden.

  • Unvariable
  • a.

    Invariable.

  • Sodden
  • v. i.

    To be seethed; to become sodden.

  • Sodden
  • p. p.

    Boiled; seethed; also, soaked; heavy with moisture; saturated; as, sodden beef; sodden bread; sodden fields.

  • Parable
  • v. t.

    To represent by parable.

  • Variable
  • n.

    A quantity which may increase or decrease; a quantity which admits of an infinite number of values in the same expression; a variable quantity; as, in the equation x2 - y2 = R2, x and y are variables.

  • Variably
  • adv.

    In a variable manner.

  • Triable
  • a.

    Liable to undergo a judicial examination; properly coming under the cognizance of a court; as, a cause may be triable before one court which is not triable in another.

  • Earable
  • a.

    Arable; tillable.

  • Valuable
  • a.

    Worthy; estimable; deserving esteem; as, a valuable friend; a valuable companion.

  • Hidden
  • p. p. & a.

    from Hide. Concealed; put out of view; secret; not known; mysterious.