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Computer operating system architecture
A Unix architecture is a computer operating system system architecture that embodies the Unix philosophy. It may adhere to standards such as the Single
Unix_architecture
Software development philosophy
important and influential as the technology of Unix itself, and have been termed the "Unix philosophy." The Unix philosophy emphasizes building simple, compact
Unix_philosophy
Computer operating system
Tru64 UNIX is a discontinued 64-bit UNIX operating system for the Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA), currently owned by Hewlett-Packard (HP). Previously
Tru64_UNIX
Family of computer operating systems
Unix (/ˈjuːnɪks/ , YOO-niks; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T
Unix
Operating system
versions support HPE Integrity Servers, based on Intel's Itanium architecture. It is based on Unix System V (initially System III) and first released in 1984
HP-UX
Unix operating system
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD), also known as Berkeley Unix, is a discontinued Unix operating system developed and distributed by the Computer Systems
Berkeley Software Distribution
Berkeley_Software_Distribution
Free software collection
for "GNU's Not Unix!", chosen because GNU's design is Unix-like, but differs from Unix by being free software and containing no Unix code. Stallman chose
GNU
Computer software bug occurring in 2038
19 January 2038. The problem exists in systems which measure Unix time—the number of seconds elapsed since the Unix epoch (00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970)—and store
Year_2038_problem
Each version of the UNIX Time-Sharing System evolved from the version before, with version one evolving from the prototypal Unix. Not all variants and
List_of_Unix_systems
Structure of the operating system
accounts. Microsoft Windows library files Windows Native API MinWin Unix architecture Comparison of operating system kernels User-Mode Driver Framework
Architecture_of_Windows_NT
Early commercial UNIX operating system
UNIX System V (pronounced: "System Five") is one of the first commercial versions of the Unix operating system. It was originally developed by AT&T and
UNIX_System_V
Standards for operating systems for using the UNIX trademark
Single UNIX Specification (SUS) is a standard for computer operating systems, compliance with which is required to qualify for using the "UNIX" trademark
Single_UNIX_Specification
The history of Unix dates back to the mid-1960s, when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Labs, and General Electric were jointly developing
History_of_Unix
Standard file format for executables, object code, shared libraries, and core dumps
structure the ELF data. The Unix file utility can display some information about ELF files, including the instruction set architecture for which the code in
Executable and Linkable Format
Executable_and_Linkable_Format
Unix System V framework
STREAMS originated in Version 8 Research Unix, as Streams (not capitalized). STREAMS's design is a modular architecture for implementing full-duplex I/O between
STREAMS
Unix archiver command
appeared in the first edition of Unix and was used through Version 6 Unix. It had a magic number of ED FF (0177555). Version 7 Unix had a modified version of
Ar_(Unix)
Unix operating system
to Open UNIX before being reverted to the original name in the next release. Binary distributions of UnixWare are available for x86 architecture computers
UnixWare
Directory structure used by a Unix-like operating system
In Unix and operating systems inspired by it, the file system is considered a central component of the operating system. It was also one of the first parts
Unix_filesystem
Protocol for application server system
those applications. Besides Windows, ICA is also supported on a number of Unix server platforms and can be used to deliver access to applications running
Independent Computing Architecture
Independent_Computing_Architecture
Operating system from Sun Microsystems
SunOS is a Unix-branded operating system developed by Sun Microsystems for their workstation and server computer systems from 1982 until the mid-1990s
SunOS
v4 UNIX Time-Sharing System v5 UNIX Time-Sharing System v6 MINI-UNIX PWB/UNIX USG CB Unix UNIX Time-Sharing System v7 (It is from Version 7 Unix (and
List_of_operating_systems
1992 lawsuit in the United States
UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. v. Berkeley Software Design, Inc. was a lawsuit brought in New Jersey federal court in 1992 by Unix System Laboratories
UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. v. Berkeley Software Design, Inc.
UNIX_System_Laboratories,_Inc._v._Berkeley_Software_Design,_Inc.
UNIX for IBM mainframes
UNIX operating system implementation (XPG4 UNIX 95) optimized for mainframe architecture. It is the first UNIX 95 to not be derived from the AT&T source
UNIX_System_Services
Computer memory that can be accessed by multiple processes
underlying architecture is not cache coherent. IPC by shared memory is used for example to transfer images between the application and the X server on Unix systems
Shared_memory
Family of Unix-like operating systems that use the Linux kernel
Linux (/ˈlɪnʊks/ LIN-uuks) is a family of free and open-source software Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, which was first released
Linux
Operating system kernel designed as a replacement for Unix
system, due to perceived advantages over the traditional Unix monolithic kernel architecture, a view that had been advocated by some developers in the
GNU_Hurd
Free Unix-like operating system kernel
The Linux kernel is a free and open-source Unix-like kernel that is used in many computer systems worldwide. The kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in
Linux_kernel
32-bit RISC-like computing architecture
The Clipper architecture is a 32-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC)-like central processing unit (CPU) instruction set architecture designed by
Clipper_architecture
Operating system
Fiwix is an operating system kernel based on the UNIX architecture and fully focused on being POSIX compatible. It is designed and developed mainly as
Fiwix
Former software laboratory
responsible for the development and production of the UnixWare packaged operating system for Intel architecture. In addition it developed Tuxedo, a transaction
Unix_System_Laboratories
Unix operating system port for DEC VAX architecture
1979. 32V was a direct port of the Seventh Edition Unix to the DEC VAX architecture. Before 32V, Unix had primarily run on DEC PDP-11 computers. The Bell
UNIX/32V
Unix philosophy
an approach to interface design in Unix derivatives. While this turn of phrase does not as such figure as a Unix design principle or philosophy, it is
Everything_is_a_file
was installed at Berkeley in 1978. The port of Version 7 Unix to the VAX architecture, UNIX/32V, did not take advantage of the VAX's virtual memory capabilities
History of the Berkeley Software Distribution
History_of_the_Berkeley_Software_Distribution
Global standards consortium
(O-ISM3) The Single UNIX Specification (SUS) The Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) Source Book TOGAF (Enterprise Architecture Framework) The Application
The_Open_Group
Microsoft Unix operating system
Xenix is a Unix operating system that was published by Microsoft from 1980 to 1987, and by the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) from 1987 to 1991. Xenix is based
Xenix
Collection of loosely coupled services used to build computer applications
microservices platform "applies the underlying architectural principles of the Web and REST services together with Unix-like scheduling and pipelines to provide
Microservices
File system used by many Unix and Unix-like operating systems
The Unix file system (UFS) is a family of file systems supported by many Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It is a distant descendant of the original
Unix_File_System
Research distributed operating system
Science Research Center (CSRC) at Bell Labs in the mid-1980s, built on the UNIX concepts first developed there in the late 1960s. Since 2000, Plan 9 has
Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs
1976 book by John Lions
A Commentary on the Sixth Edition UNIX Operating System by John Lions (later reissued as Lions' Commentary on UNIX 6th Edition and commonly referred to
A Commentary on the UNIX Operating System
A_Commentary_on_the_UNIX_Operating_System
1976 video game
the code to the C programming language to run on the more generic Unix architecture. It can still be found as part of the BSD Operating Systems distributions
Colossal_Cave_Adventure
Unix-like operating system
MINIX is a Unix-like operating system based on a microkernel architecture, first released in 1987 and written by American-Dutch computer scientist Andrew
Minix
Variant of Unix developed by the Open Software Foundation
the native Unix operating system for DEC Alpha architecture systems. In 1994, after AT&T had sold UNIX System V to Novell and the rival Unix International
OSF/1
GNU replacement for the Bourne shell
is an interactive command interpreter and command language developed for Unix-like operating systems. Supported by the Free Software Foundation and created
Bash_(Unix_shell)
Operating system
Bundled with the Amiga 3000UX, Commodore's Unix was one of the first ports of SVR4 to the 68k architecture, and this level of compliance was emphasised
Amiga_Unix
1979 minicomputer operating system
Version 7 Unix, also called Seventh Edition Unix, Version 7 or just V7, was an important early release of the Unix operating system. V7, released in 1979
Version_7_Unix
Printing subsystem of UNIX System V
subsystem of UNIX System V is one of several standardized systems for printing on Unix, and is typical of commercial System V-based Unix versions such
System_V_printing_system
Series of Unix operating systems from IBM
Cruz Operation attempted to integrate AIX and UnixWare into a multiplatform Unix for Intel IA-64 architecture. The project was discontinued in 2002 after
IBM_AIX
Family of RISC-based computer architectures
able to run a Unix port called RISC iX. (Neither is to be confused with RISC/os, a discontinued Unix variant for the MIPS architecture.) The 32-bit ARM
ARM_architecture_family
64-bit RISC instruction set architecture
leader in the Unix market, and should the machine be an open standard? And with that, the decision was made to adopt the PRISM architecture with the appropriate
DEC_Alpha
Defunct French software company
the first fault-tolerant Unix for a microcomputer-level system. ICL employed the Chorus microkernel in the software architecture of its GOLDRUSH MegaSERVER
Chorus_Systèmes_SA
History of Apple's current Mac operating system
its Mac computers since their introduction in 1984. The current macOS is a UNIX operating system built on technology that had been developed at NeXT from
MacOS_version_history
Discontinued software produced by Microsoft which provided Unix environment on Windows NT
Windows Services for UNIX (SFU) is a discontinued software package produced by Microsoft which provided a Unix environment on Windows NT and some of its
Windows_Services_for_UNIX
Shell command for reporting file type information
reporting the type of data contained in a file. It is commonly supported in Unix and Unix-like operating systems. As the command uses relatively quick-running
File_(command)
Operating system
Motorola 68k (Sun-2 and Sun-3 workstations, AT&T UNIX PC, MECB), Intel x86, PowerPC G3, MIPS, ARM architecture and AVR (atmega328p/Arduino). Xinu was also
Xinu
Suite of computer programs and protocols
UUCP (Unix-to-Unix Copy) is a suite of computer programs and protocols allowing remote execution of commands and transfer of files, email and netnews between
UUCP
Capsicum is an implementation of capability-based security for UNIX and similar systems. Presented at USENIX Security Symposium 2010, the system is part
Capsicum_(Unix)
American computer company, 1982–2010
significantly to the evolution of several key computing technologies, among them Unix, RISC processors, thin client computing, and virtualized computing. At its
Sun_Microsystems
Program that emulates a video terminal
different one via telnet, ssh, dial-up, or over a direct serial connection. On Unix-like operating systems, it is common to have one or more terminal windows
Terminal_emulator
General-purpose programming language
purpose was to construct utilities running on Unix, and was later applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. During the 1980s, C gradually
C_(programming_language)
Core of a computer operating system
packet-oriented architecture dealt with discrete chunks of data and not with whole files. As the capability of computers grew, Unix became increasingly
Kernel_(operating_system)
Fatal error condition in Unix-like operating systems
have a higher risk of major data loss. The term is largely specific to Unix and Unix-like systems. The equivalent on Microsoft Windows operating systems
Kernel_panic
64-bit operating system for IBM mainframes
infrastructure, and UNIX (Single UNIX Specification) APIs and applications through UNIX System Services – The Open Group certifies z/OS as a compliant UNIX operating
Z/OS
Unix type Operating System for 6502 processor
successful attempts to implement a Unix-like operating system on the 6502 architecture. The system offers some Unix-like functionality including pre-emptive
GeckOS
Computer operating system
Darwin is the core Unix-like operating system of macOS, iOS, watchOS, tvOS, iPadOS, audioOS, visionOS, and bridgeOS. It previously existed as an independent
Darwin_(operating_system)
American software engineer
disdain for Unix. Said one team member who worked with Cutler: Unix is like Cutler's lifelong foe. It's like his Moriarty. He thinks Unix is a junk operating
Dave_Cutler
Environment in which a piece of software is executed
Phoenix Engine Ray Shop ARM architecture based devices Raspberry Pi or Gumstix full function miniature computers ARM servers with Unix-like systems such as Linux
Computing_platform
Way for programs to access kernel services
MVS versions, some system call macros generate Program Call (PC). On Unix, Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant operating systems, popular system calls
System_call
OS that runs entirely in kernel-mode
modules. Most BSD kernels FreeBSD OpenBSD NetBSD Linux kernel Android Other Unix/Unix-like kernels AIX Oracle Solaris MS-DOS Windows 1.0 to Windows 3.1 Windows
Monolithic_kernel
Equal sharing of all resources by multiple identical processors
Multiprocessing Version Of UNIX" (PDF). core.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2018. Variable SMP – A Multi-Core CPU Architecture for Low Power and High Performance
Symmetric_multiprocessing
Operating system
MIPS OS. RISC/os was mainly based on UNIX System V with additions from 4.3BSD UNIX, ported to the MIPS architecture. It was a "dual-universe" operating
MIPS_RISC/os
16-bit microprocessor
S8000 computer came out with a version of Unix called ZEUS (Zilog Enhanced Unix System). ZEUS was a port of Unix Version 7 and included what were referred
Zilog_Z8000
Series of 16-bit minicomputers
System with UCSD Pascal TRIPOS TSX-Plus Unix (many versions, including Version 6 Unix, Version 7 Unix, UNIX System III, and 2BSD) Xinu OS for instructional
PDP-11
Operating system
call functionality built into its kernel, but was otherwise a Version 7 Unix workalike. On startup, the NuMachine would load the same program on each
TRIX_(operating_system)
Computer architecture bit width
implementation of the Unix operating system. 1993 DEC releases the 64-bit DEC OSF/1 AXP Unix-like operating system (later renamed Tru64 UNIX) for its systems
64-bit_computing
Computer operating system
discontinued Unix-like operating system for parallel computers. It was developed and published by Perihelion Software. Its primary architecture is the Inmos
Helios_(operating_system)
Type of machine code
by OpenVMS, Tru64 UNIX, and Windows NT. Tru64 UNIX PALcode is also used by NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD and Linux. Alpha Architecture Reference Manual. Digital
PALcode
Linux standard for directory structure
used for the layout of Unix-like systems. It has been made popular by its use in Linux distributions, but it is used by other Unix-like systems as well
Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard
Windowing system for bitmap displays on UNIX-like systems
(X11, or simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on Unix-like operating systems. X originated as part of Project Athena at Massachusetts
X_Window_System
Time used by a computer
The Unix command top provides CPU time, priority, elapsed real time, and other information for all processes and updates it in real time. The Unix command
CPU_time
Series of discontinued Unix operating systems by DEC
(DEC) discontinued native Unix operating systems for the PDP-11, VAX, MicroVAX and DECstations. The initial development of Unix occurred on DEC equipment
Ultrix
UNIX system component
In Unix-like computer operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first user-space process started during booting of the operating system
Init
Form of inter-process communication in computer systems
limited form of inter-process communication (IPC), typically used in Unix, Unix-like, and other POSIX-compliant operating systems. A signal is an asynchronous
Signal_(IPC)
MVS/System Product V2 (MVS/Extended Architecture, MVS/XA) Novell NetWare (S-Net) PERPOS ProDOS RTU (Real-Time Unix) STOP – TCSEC A1-class, secure OS for
Timeline_of_operating_systems
Means of entering commands to software
DEC's DIGITAL Command Language (DCL) in OpenVMS and RSX-11, the various Unix shells (sh, ksh, csh, tcsh, zsh, Bash, etc.), CP/M's CCP, DOS' COMMAND.COM
Command-line_interface
Computer operating system
IRIX (/ˈaɪrɪks/, EYE-ricks, a portmanteau of IRIS and UNIX) is a discontinued operating system developed by Silicon Graphics (SGI) to run on the company's
IRIX
Cryptographic network protocol
command-line execution. SSH was designed for Unix-like operating systems as a replacement for Telnet and unsecured remote Unix shell protocols, such as the Berkeley
Secure_Shell
Inter-process communication API
application programming interface (API) for Internet domain sockets and Unix domain sockets, used for inter-process communication (IPC). It is commonly
Berkeley_sockets
Free and open-source compiler for various programming languages
system, GCC has been adopted as the standard compiler by many other modern Unix-like computer operating systems, including most Linux distributions. Most
GNU_Compiler_Collection
Computer operating system
A/UX is a Unix-based operating system from Apple Computer for Macintosh computers, integrated with System 7's graphical interface and application compatibility
A/UX
Operating system for Apple computers
macOS (previously OS X and originally Mac OS X) is a proprietary Unix operating system, derived from OPENSTEP for Mach and FreeBSD, which has been marketed
MacOS
Purely functional package manager
Nix is a cross-platform package manager for Unix and Unix-like systems, with its own functional programming language used to configure those systems.
Nix_(package_manager)
Unix variant with real-time operating system capabilities
Multi-Environment Real-Time (MERT), later renamed UNIX Real-Time (UNIX-RT), is a hybrid time-sharing and real-time operating system developed in the 1970s
Multi-Environment_Real-Time
High-end single-user computer
more powerful CPU architectures, more advanced graphics, more memory, and multitasking with sophisticated operating systems like Unix. They typically offered
Workstation
Computer operating system kernel
XNU ("X is Not Unix") is the computer operating system (OS) kernel developed at Apple Inc. since December 1996 for use in the Mac OS X (now macOS) operating
XNU
File format and file archiver program
yet tar continues to have widespread use. The command was introduced to Unix in January 1979, replacing the tp program (which in turn replaced "tap")
Tar_(computing)
1988 Internet worm
affected VAX computers and SUN-3 workstations running the 4.2 and 4.3 Berkeley UNIX code. It is one of the oldest computer worms distributed via the Internet
Morris_worm
User interface standard
standard to be followed by any new Unix GUI environment. Table of keyboard shortcuts IBM, Systems Application Architecture: Common User Access: Panel Design
IBM_Common_User_Access
There are a number of Unix-like operating systems based on or descended from the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) series of Unix variant options. The
Comparison of BSD operating systems
Comparison_of_BSD_operating_systems
American computer hardware company
dominant high-end UNIX platform in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Later it introduced a next-generation high-end platform for UNIX and Windows NT based
Sequent_Computer_Systems
Free URL data transfer client software
support, including SOCKS4, SOCKS5, HAProxy, and HTTP proxies with chaining and Unix domain sockets, as well as user-plus-password authentication. Advanced name-resolution
CURL
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