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Fine-art technique
describes a different type of underdrawing, made with graded tones rather than hatching, for egg tempera. In some cases, underdrawing can be clearly visualized
Underdrawing
Unfinished painting by Leonardo da Vinci
only the underdrawing is by Leonardo. Another artist (or artists) was responsible for all of the existing paintwork on top of the underdrawing. Seracini
Adoration of the Magi (Leonardo)
Adoration_of_the_Magi_(Leonardo)
Painting by Leonardo da Vinci
In 2020, Cotte published a study alleging that the painting has an underdrawing, transferred from a preparatory drawing via the spolvero technique. The
Mona_Lisa
Alteration in a painting evidenced by traces of previous work
may have been done in the underdrawing of the painting, or by the visible layers of paint differing from the underdrawing, or by the first painted treatment
Pentimento
Drawing medium
pigment grains well. They can also be used on prepared primed canvases for underdrawing for a painting. Conté crayons are hard and have square edges, making
Conté
1630 painting by Judith Leyster
Microscopic examination of the painting reveals a bold and extensive underdrawing, which subsequently reveals Leyster's spontaneous course of action as
A_Game_of_Tric-Trac
Composition by Leonardo da Vinci and his workshop
of paintings attributed to artists in Leonardo's circle. An original underdrawing by Leonardo may be preserved in a version in a private collection in
Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John the Baptist (Leonardo)
Madonna_and_Child_with_the_Infant_Saint_John_the_Baptist_(Leonardo)
Painting by Winslow Homer
Artist Winslow Homer Year 1873 Medium Watercolor and gouache on graphite underdrawing and white wove paper Dimensions 24.8 cm × 35.2 cm (9.8 in × 13.9 in)
Boys_in_a_Dory
Painting by Jan van Eyck
decorative plan in the underdrawing, and the stool has become much larger. The vase of lilies was not only absent in the underdrawing, but was not reserved
Annunciation (van Eyck, Washington)
Annunciation_(van_Eyck,_Washington)
Dutch painter (c. 1450–1516)
infrared reflectography, which enable researchers to examine a painting's underdrawing. Art historians of the early and mid-20th century, such as Tolnay and
Hieronymus_Bosch
Series of paintings by Sandro Botticelli and Filippino Lippi
x-ray images, shows differences between the style and techniques of the underdrawing, and also differences in the handling of the vanishing points in the
Life_of_Esther
Painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
about 44 or less. The painting of the panel began with a "sketch-like underdrawing", which in particular did not include the bird-trap. The main execution
Winter Landscape with a Bird Trap
Winter_Landscape_with_a_Bird_Trap
Form of electromagnetic radiation
underdrawing or outline drawn as a guide. Art conservators use the technique to examine how the visible layers of paint differ from the underdrawing or
Infrared
French painter
Still Life on Kitchen Table with Celery, Parsley, Bowl, and Cruets, watercolor with graphite underdrawing, pen and iron gall ink, and gum varnish on paper
Léon_Bonvin
Marking a surface to create images
application of liquid paint onto prepared canvas or panels, but sometimes an underdrawing is drawn first on that same support. The conception of drawing as an
Drawing
Painting by Leonardo da Vinci, 1489–1491
the subtle remains of spolvero (in the outline of the face and head), underdrawing (in the right arm, right hand, left hand, top of nose and edge of the
Lady_with_an_Ermine
American painter (1856–1925)
approach also permitted spontaneous flourishes of color not bound to an underdrawing. It was markedly different from the traditional atelier of Jean-Léon
John_Singer_Sargent
List of drawings made by painter Hieronymus Bosch
documenting the oeuvre of the medieval master since 2010. Examination of the underdrawing of the painting Death and the Miser reveals that Bosch shortened Death's
Hieronymus_Bosch_drawings
Painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
been attributed to Pieter Bruegel the Elder, has been x-rayed for its underdrawing to compare it to other versions. None of the versions have a provenance
Netherlandish_Proverbs
Art composition by Edvard Munch
The underdrawing shows that Munch originally had the subject's arms hanging down as in a conventional portrait. The presence of the underdrawings suggests
Madonna_(Munch)
Painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
found only in The Census from the same Museum. Recently, a study of the underdrawing using infrared reflectography has been published. Reflectography is based
Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
Landscape_with_the_Fall_of_Icarus
Italian painter (c. 1477/88/90–1576)
revised and reworked later, even 40 or 50 years later. Titian treated his underdrawings as mere suggestions, and frequently made changes to the original drawing
Titian
Italian Renaissance painter (1445–1510)
the master and his workshop, generally meaning that Botticelli did the underdrawing, while the assistants did the rest, or drawings by him were copied by
Sandro_Botticelli
Painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder
result of an earlier restoration, possibly in the 18th century. The underdrawing is only partially visible to the naked eye. It is made up of outlines
Venus and Cupid with a Honeycomb
Venus_and_Cupid_with_a_Honeycomb
1437 drawing by Jan van Eyck
chalk ground study in pencil for a planned oil painting, an unfinished underdrawing or a completed work in of itself, although the latter is deemed more
Saint_Barbara_(van_Eyck)
Form of electromagnetic radiation
Radiography of cultural objects, most often X-rays of paintings to reveal underdrawing, pentimenti alterations in the course of painting or by later restorers
X-ray
Two paintings attributed to Jan van Eyck
on the soles of the feet were intended to be concealed, because the underdrawing of the Turin painting shows Francis wearing sandals. Some scholars, most
Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata (van Eyck)
Saint_Francis_Receiving_the_Stigmata_(van_Eyck)
Traditional drawing technique and tool
styli were used for writing on soft surfaces (wax or bark), ruling and underdrawing on parchment, and drawing on prepared paper and panel supports. For drawing
Silverpoint
Painting by James Ensor
single piece of linen canvas, primed with lead white and with extensive underdrawing in various colours, some visible, and very few pentimenti. Some parts
Christ's Entry Into Brussels in 1889
Christ's_Entry_Into_Brussels_in_1889
Painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
third fallen figure with Saul and the armour-bearer, included in the underdrawing, was never painted. An inscription on the painting identifies the subject
The_Suicide_of_Saul
Byzantine emperor from 867 to 886
Basil I Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans Underdrawing of Basil I in the Paris Gregory, c. 879–883 Byzantine emperor Reign 24 September 867 – 29 August
Basil_I
1488 painting by Domenico Ghirlandaio
that the painting was created with a brush underdrawing. There are several differences between the underdrawing and the final painting, including the positioning
Portrait of Giovanna Tornabuoni
Portrait_of_Giovanna_Tornabuoni
Comune in Tuscany, Italy
sinopias from the Campo Santo, the monumental cemetery. These are the underdrawings for frescoes, made with reddish, greenish or brownish earth colour with
Pisa
1914–1916 painting by Gustav Klimt
process. Traces of underdrawing remain visible on the white garment. Klimt typically began his portraits with charcoal or conté underdrawing that established
Portrait_of_Elisabeth_Lederer
1967 painting by David Hockney
was made using acrylic Liquitex on a white cotton duck canvas, with no underdrawing. Hockney uses a limited palette – cobalt blue, ultramarine blue, raw
A_Bigger_Splash
Dark reddish-brown natural earth pigment
Renaissance it was often used on the rough initial layer of plaster for the underdrawing for a fresco. The word came to be used both for the pigment and for the
Sinopia
Painting by Jan van Eyck
historians until a 1991 cleaning when infrared photography revealed an underdrawing and methods of handling of oil that were unmistakably van Eyck's. The
Portrait of a Man with a Blue Chaperon
Portrait_of_a_Man_with_a_Blue_Chaperon
only in fragments. In one area the mosaic has fallen away to reveal the underdrawing. There are some figures of saints and a dome of about 470 in Sant'Ambrogio
Late Antique and medieval mosaics in Italy
Late_Antique_and_medieval_mosaics_in_Italy
Oil painting by Vincent van Gogh
black and grey wash, and traces of graphite, over a brush and brown ink underdrawing on ivory wove paper, 1883, Art Institute of Chicago. List of works by
At_Eternity's_Gate
Quickly executed freehand drawing
work, often in a different medium, but the distinction is imprecise. Underdrawing is drawing underneath the final work, which may sometimes still be visible
Sketch_(drawing)
Painting series by Paul Cézanne
version of The Card Players have shown layers of "speculative" graphite underdrawing, as well as heavy layers of worked oil paint, possibly suggesting it
The_Card_Players
Image made from small colored tiles
used for the historic European wall and ceiling mosaics, following underdrawings of the main outlines on the wall below, which are often revealed again
Mosaic
Paintings by Vincent van Gogh
of yellow and brown. Van Gogh sketched out the design with charcoal underdrawing; he applied thin paint on the cypress trees and sky, with the ground
Wheat_Field_with_Cypresses
1434 painting by Jan van Eyck
reflectograms of the painting show many small alterations, or pentimenti, in the underdrawing: to both faces, to the mirror, and to other elements. The couple is shown
Arnolfini_Portrait
Painting by Raphael
20th-century art historians to use infrared reflectography to study the underdrawing beneath the completed art work. Molteni also undertook to clean the surface
The Marriage of the Virgin (Raphael)
The_Marriage_of_the_Virgin_(Raphael)
Painting by Raphael
using infra-red techniques, the Madonna of the Meadow also betrays an underdrawing, completed when the design was transferred onto the panel; the marks
Madonna_del_Prato_(Raphael)
Archaic literary genre
twentieth century, depicts a dwelling that can rotate on a post, with an airship in the distance. Ink over graphite underdrawing, c. 1883, digitally restored.
Scientific_romance
Pre-Columbian Maya book
MCM relates to late paintings at Chichen Itza, in which outlines and underdrawing are only loosely followed by the subsequent final painting. The discovery
Maya_Codex_of_Mexico
Painting by Pieter Pourbus
style of underdrawing, as noted and studied by Anne van Oosterwijk in her article dedicated to "Pourbus' style in terms of paint and underdrawing". Pourbus
Portrait of a Noble Young Lady (Pourbus)
Portrait_of_a_Noble_Young_Lady_(Pourbus)
Color stain painted on a white ground
imprimatura should not be confused with imprimatur, a term used in editing. Underdrawing Underpainting Bossik, E. (2011). How to Create an Underpainting Like
Imprimatura
Painting by Ferdinand Bol
identified, though her clothing allows the painting to be dated. The underdrawing of the painting includes several pentimenti, showing the artist changed
A_Lady_with_a_Fan
Composition by Leonardo da Vinci
Madonna, are thought to be at least partly by Leonardo's hand. The underdrawings of both paintings show similar experimental changes made to the composition
Madonna_of_the_Yarnwinder
Metropolitan Museum of Art as of March 2026 Generally accepted as having an underdrawing by Leonardo The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne 1501–1519 c. 1501–1519
List of works by Leonardo da Vinci
List_of_works_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci
Lower part of some altarpieces
70s, in about 1521. In this case he is thought to have only done the underdrawing for the main scene, leaving the painting to his workshop assistants.
Predella
French illustrator
book Le Vingtième Siècle, a nineteenth-century conception of life in the twentieth century. Ink over graphite underdrawing, c. 1883, digitally restored.
Albert_Robida
15th-century Italian Renaissance painter
disegno or drawing, and it may be that on shared works he did most of the underdrawing, leaving Piero and their assistants to complete the painting. Vasari
Piero_del_Pollaiuolo
an underdrawing, probably executed with a pen. The knight and his horse, the dragon, the town walls and spires are all present in the underdrawing. The
Saint George and the Dragon (van der Weyden)
Saint_George_and_the_Dragon_(van_der_Weyden)
Painting by Giorgione
with a Titian landscape, was mostly accepted for over a century. Any underdrawing was lost when the painting was transferred to a new canvas, probably
Sleeping_Venus_(Giorgione)
close, it is believed he must have had access to a reproduction of the underdrawing. Six panels are today associated to the master; five showing scenes from
Master of the Prado Adoration of the Magi
Master_of_the_Prado_Adoration_of_the_Magi
Painting by Raphael
book. The underdrawing closely resembles Berto di Giovanni's drawing The Virgin and Child with a Pomegranate (now in Berlin). The underdrawing of the Conestabile
Conestabile_Madonna
Painting by Bronzino
final face, revealed by infared reflectography (for more see below: Underdrawings section), showing the artist's switch to a more idealized version of
Portrait of a Young Man with a Book (Bronzino)
Portrait_of_a_Young_Man_with_a_Book_(Bronzino)
Painting by Raphael
the Italian Renaissance artist Giulio Romano using a composition or underdrawing by Raphael. It is now in the Prado in Madrid. It is dated to c. 1518
Holy_Family_under_an_Oak_Tree
Painting by Rogier van der Weyden
Technical analysis shows that both figures were heavily reworked both in the underdrawing and the final painting; the hood of the figure on the right was originally
Saint_Luke_Drawing_the_Virgin
Triptych by Hans Memling
Donne Triptych exhibits underdrawing that reveals the evolution of its composition, highlighting differences between the underdrawing and the final painting
Donne_Triptych
British occultist, artist and illustrator (1878–1951)
illustrations were most likely done in pen and ink, possibly over a pencil underdrawing; the original drawings are lost so this cannot be determined with certainty
Pamela_Colman_Smith
Ancient technique for reproducing images or text
painted images and Buddhist sutras, reveals from loss of paint that the underdrawing for the paintings was printed from blocks. In the Kamakura period from
Woodblock_printing_in_Japan
Often monochromatic initial layer of paint applied to a ground
underpainting, it is a sign that it was not done properly. Visual arts portal Underdrawing List of art techniques Underpaint. In: Weyer, Angela; Roig Picazo, Pilar;
Underpainting
Italian painter
Fiorentino. Rosso Fiorentino's biography at Web Gallery of Art Examples of Fiorentino's art Example of unfinished Rosso painting showing underdrawing
Rosso_Fiorentino
Style of painting and sculpture
K. Monrad, "Hidden Drawings from the Danish Golden Age. Drawing and underdrawing in Danish Golden Age views from Italy" in SMK Art Journal 2006, ed. Peter
Academic_art
Painting by Duccio di Buoninsegna in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
examination which included the wooden panel's construction, the painting's underdrawing, and pigment composition. These features were found to be consistent
Madonna and Child (Duccio, Metropolitan)
Madonna_and_Child_(Duccio,_Metropolitan)
Overview of paintings made by Hieronymus Bosch
Project concluded it to be autograph based on evidence present in the underdrawing. The Temptation of St. Anthony c. 1530–1540 Oil on wood 70 × 51 cm Museo
List of paintings by Hieronymus Bosch
List_of_paintings_by_Hieronymus_Bosch
Polyptych by Jan and Hubert van Eyck
abandoned mid-way. The most startling result of this is that a portion of an underdrawing of the lamb was left exposed, leading to it appearing to have four ears
Ghent_Altarpiece
Painting by Pietro Perugino
during its 1938 restoration. Fernando Cogna instead argues that the underdrawing was by Perugino and that the painting was by his pupil Ser Guglielmo
Madonna and Child with Saints Peter and Paul
Madonna_and_Child_with_Saints_Peter_and_Paul
layer may be a ground, usually applied all over the surface. Then an underdrawing in outline may follow. Then comes underpainting, overpainting, and finally
Working_in_layers
Painting by Raphael
sitter’s shirt remains bare and unpainted, revealing exposed gesso and some underdrawing. The hair also looks unfinished, as it does not overlap the brown background
Self-portrait_(Raphael)
Painting by Piero della Francesca
National Gallery. The pink clothes worn by Joseph were very thinly painted, underdrawing showed through the damaged shepherds' faces, and the braying ass in the
The Nativity (Piero della Francesca)
The_Nativity_(Piero_della_Francesca)
Painting by Giovanni Bellini
revealed the panel's preparation with glue and plaster and the chiaroscuro underdrawing, both typical of Bellini and both also mentioned in Paolo Pino's 1548
Greek_Madonna
Painting by Parmigianino
shown that its technique is near-identical to that of Parmigianino - "no underdrawing, pigment use, descriptive speed, drafting of final shadows, using fingers
Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine (Parmigianino, Parma)
Mystic_Marriage_of_Saint_Catherine_(Parmigianino,_Parma)
1398. According to this theory, Bellechose simply completed a work with underdrawing and a gold background already in place. James Snyder and Chátelet support
Henri_Bellechose
Early Netherlandish painter (c. 1385 – 1426)
him as "the fountainhead of northern painting", suggests he did the underdrawing for the Ghent Altarpiece with Jan painting in after his brother's death;
Hubert_van_Eyck
Flemish painter (died 1441)
that Van Eyck died leaving the panel unfinished but with completed underdrawings, so the upper area was finished by workshop members or followers. There
Jan_van_Eyck
Depiction of landscapes in art
the landscape. Western watercolour is a more tonal medium, even with underdrawing visible. Traditionally, landscape art depicts the surface of the Earth
Landscape_painting
Painting by Jan Gossaert
layer of lead white mixed with a little lead-tin-yellow. There is much underdrawing, visible in some areas due to the paint having become more transparent
Adoration of the Kings (Gossaert)
Adoration_of_the_Kings_(Gossaert)
14th-century English Gothic illuminated manuscript
ArchbishopRegisters.york.ac.uk. 15 May 2024. Ainsworth, Maryan Wynn (2003). "Underdrawing". Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054
Tickhill_Psalter
Painting by Domingos Sequeira
the artist made very little alteration to the compositions seen in the underdrawing. The painting was unveiled on 14 July 2016, on the same day as the newly
Adoration of the Magi (Sequeira)
Adoration_of_the_Magi_(Sequeira)
Illuminated manuscript
Hands I–K are all working in a similar Eyckian style, perhaps following underdrawing or sketches by Hand G, and are usually seen as members of Jan's workshop
Turin–Milan_Hours
Painting by Hans Memling
Weyden's motifs and compositions, but he might have assisted with the underdrawing in van der Weyden's workshop. The shutters on the right are copied from
Annunciation_(Memling)
Period in Denmark during the first half of the 19th century
K. Monrad, "Hidden Drawings from the Danish Golden Age. Drawing and underdrawing in Danish Golden Age views from Italy" in SMK Art Journal 2006, ed. Peter
Danish_Golden_Age
1538–1544 drawing by Michelangelo
Herrmann Fiore, a curator at the Borghese Gallery in Rome, the painting's underdrawing is conceivably by the hand of Michelangelo, whereas Alexander Nagel,
Pietà_for_Vittoria_Colonna
Persian Artist
miniatures himself, though he may have done or corrected much of the underdrawing. But one miniature, "Elijah the prophet rescues drowning Nur ad-Dahr
Mir_Sayyid_Ali
Painting by Annibale Carracci
silhouette in front of a window at the top left hand corner. An initial underdrawing for the work is visible to the naked eye, showing that the original intention
Self-Portrait_on_an_Easel
Painting by Jan van Eyck
Infrared reflectograms have disclosed a number of changes from the underdrawing. Rolin had a large purse hanging from his belt; since he had grown very
Madonna_of_Chancellor_Rolin
Painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
the priming that remain visible through the paint layer, and visible underdrawing. The design principally draws inspiration from a c. 1485–1500 Adoration
Adoration of the Kings (Bruegel)
Adoration_of_the_Kings_(Bruegel)
unborn Jesus is not visible in the painting now, but can be seen in the underdrawing with infrared reflectography. Either the artist or patron had a change
Pregnancy_in_art
Painting by Jan van Eyck
the torso. Examination using a microscope and infrared shows areas of underdrawing (preparatory sketches) on the contours of the nose and jawbone. The unusually
Portrait of a Man (Self Portrait?)
Portrait_of_a_Man_(Self_Portrait?)
Northern Renaissance art movement
Woodcut style also influenced the type of underdrawing revealed by special photography, "extremely detailed underdrawing with an elaborate system of shading
Antwerp_Mannerism
12th-century illuminated manuscript
that did the underdrawings of the Winchester Bible, the Master of the Apocrypha Drawings. This was proven by comparison of the underdrawings of the Morgan
Winchester_Bible
1512 painting by Sebastiano del Piombo
Missirini argued its subject was Vittoria Colonna and reattributed its underdrawing to Michelangelo and painting to Sebastiano. Passavant and Garas continued
Portrait of a Woman (Sebastiano del Piombo)
Portrait_of_a_Woman_(Sebastiano_del_Piombo)
Painting by Francesco Melzi
Claude Phillips called Flora a "puzzle" and felt that the painting had an underdrawing by Leonardo but was painted by a pupil. The attribution of Flora to Melzi
Flora_(Francesco_Melzi)
"shortly after 1490", particularly on the basis of similarities of its underdrawing and painting style with the Portrait of Barbara Dürer by Jochen Sander
List of paintings by Albrecht Dürer
List_of_paintings_by_Albrecht_Dürer
UNDERDRAWING
UNDERDRAWING
UNDERDRAWING
UNDERDRAWING
Male
Hebrew
(× Ö¸×“Ö´×™×¨) Hebrew name NADIR means "oath."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Kind
Girl/Female
Muslim
Beautiful, A musical Raag
Boy/Male
Tamil
Born of the Sun
Boy/Male
Indian
Comedy King
Boy/Male
Teutonic
God is my judge'.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Lord of Stars
Boy/Male
Sikh
Gurus skirt
Biblical
who draws out
Biblical
God is my greatness
UNDERDRAWING
UNDERDRAWING
UNDERDRAWING
UNDERDRAWING
UNDERDRAWING