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Computer science transaction algorithm
databases, and computer networking, the two-phase commit protocol (2PC, tupac) is a type of atomic commitment protocol (ACP). It is a distributed algorithm
Two-phase_commit_protocol
Distributed algorithm
the two-phase commit protocol (2PC) by eliminating the possibility of indefinite blocking caused by a specific type of failure during the commit phase. A
Three-phase_commit_protocol
Making a set of tentative changes to a database permanent
multiple systems, commit protocols have been evolving since their emergence in the 1970s. The main developments include the Two-Phase Commit (2PC) first proposed
Commit_(data_management)
Operation that applies a set of distinct changes as a single operation
problem will still encounter the Two Generals’ Problem. The two-phase commit protocol and three-phase commit protocol attempt to solve this and some of
Atomic_commit
Distributed transaction processing standard
databases and message brokers. Since XA uses two-phase commit, the advantages and disadvantages of that protocol generally apply to XA. The main advantage
X/Open_XA
Topics referred to by the same term
Two-phase may refer to: Two-phase electric power Two-phase commit protocol Two-phase flow Two-phase locking Two-phase servo motor Binary phase, chemical
Two-phase
Robustness properties for database transactions
changes because of a failure on another node. The two-phase commit protocol (not to be confused with two-phase locking) provides atomicity for distributed transactions
ACID
Transaction that reverses the effects of a prior, committed transaction
transactions using the two-phase-commit protocol, as it avoids locking resources for extended durations. In systems where a global commit/rollback mechanism
Compensating_transaction
Structured Information Standard
three coordination protocols; the Completion protocol, the Volatile Two-phase commit protocol, and the Durable Two-Phase Commit protocol, which together
WS-Atomic_Transaction
Concurrency control technique for databases
generalizes the popular strong strict two-phase locking (SS2PL) property, which in conjunction with the two-phase commit protocol (2PC), is the de facto standard
Commitment_ordering
Ability to execute a task in a non-serial manner
g., process calculi can be modeled in the actor model using a two-phase commit protocol.) The mathematical denotation denoted by a closed system S is
Concurrency (computer science)
Concurrency_(computer_science)
American computer scientist
best-known achievements include: Granular database locking The two-phase commit protocol The Five-minute rule for allocating storage OLAP cube operator
Jim_Gray_(computer_scientist)
Algorithm run on hardware built from interconnected processors
solving the atomic commit problem include the two-phase commit protocol and the three-phase commit protocol. Consensus Consensus algorithms try to solve the
Distributed_algorithm
Organized collection of data in computing
distribution, which typically includes an atomic commit protocol (ACP), e.g., the two-phase commit protocol, to allow distributed (global) transactions across
Database
Database management system
locking and multiversion concurrency control are implemented. The two-phase commit protocol is supported as well, but no standard API for distributed transactions
H2_Database_Engine
Open source distributed database management system
Apache Ignite is a strongly consistent platform that implements two-phase commit protocol. The consistency guarantees are met for both memory and disk tiers
Apache_Ignite
Concurrency control method
the 2PL protocol, locks are applied and removed in two phases: Expanding phase: locks are acquired and no locks are released. Shrinking phase: locks are
Two-phase_locking
Ability to handle changing demands of resources
transactions to affect data stored on separate computers, using the two-phase commit protocol, establishing the shared-nothing architecture. Still later, Oracle
Database_scalability
Method of database replication
or network failure, data integrity is enforced through this two-phase commit protocol by ensuring that either the whole transaction is replicated, or
Multi-master_replication
Ability to guarantee database transactions
before a commit can be acknowledged. This is usually done by a two-phase commit protocol. In addition, in distributed databases, even the protocols for logging
Durability_(database_systems)
Model of concurrent computation
, process calculi) can be modeled in the actor model using a two-phase commit protocol. There is a Computational Representation Theorem in the actor
Actor_model
Middleware platform by Oracle
record structures Transaction Management - Global Transactions - Two-phase commit protocol - X/Open XA /D - Clustering - Domains /WS - Remote Clients WTC
Tuxedo_(software)
Technique for inserting fault tolerance into computing systems
checkpoints are consistent. This is usually achieved by some kind of two-phase commit protocol algorithm. In the uncoordinated checkpointing, each process checkpoints
Application_checkpointing
Approaches to modelling in computer science
general effectively requires a kind of two-phase commit protocol or perhaps even a three-phase commit protocol if time-outs are allowed in guards (as
Actor model and process calculi
Actor_model_and_process_calculi
IBM mainframe transaction monitor
database/queuing resources connected to CICS that support XA two-phase commit protocol (like IMS/DB, Db2, VSAM/RLS) CICS also offers extensive recovery/restart
CICS
1987 treaty to protect the ozone layer
March 2008. "UNEP press release: 'South Sudan Joins Montreal Protocol and Commits to Phasing Out Ozone-Damaging Substances'". Unep.org. Archived from the
Montreal_Protocol
American computer scientist
other revolutionary technologies, such as laser printer design; two-phase commit protocols; Bravo, the first WYSIWYG text formatting program; and Ethernet
Butler_Lampson
Message delivery protocol in a network
the protocol. During recovery, a participant might receive a duplicated commit for a previously committed message. If so, it enters the delivery phase but
Gbcast
Use of software for integration
applications in a single overarching distributed transaction (using two-phase commit protocols or compensating transactions). Currently, there are many variations
Enterprise application integration
Enterprise_application_integration
Cryptographic scheme
commitment scheme take place in two phases: the commit phase during which a value is chosen and committed to the reveal phase during which the value is revealed
Commitment_scheme
Framework for cryptographic protocols
resilience against a range of attacks. A secure channel protocol has two phases: the handshake phase: authenticates and establishes shared secret keys using
Noise_Protocol_Framework
Concept in computer science
example of a polynomial time binary consensus protocol that tolerates Byzantine failures is the Phase King algorithm by Garay and Berman. The algorithm
Consensus_(computer_science)
Software that models a real phenomenon with a set of mathematical formulas
Three-Phase is used in distributed systems whether talking about operating systems, databases, etc, under different names among them Three-Phase commit see
Simulation_software
Peer-to-peer revision control system
database. Each check-in corresponds to a distributed commit—a non-blocking version of a two-phase commit. Milewski, B. (1997). Distributed source control
Code_Co-op
Concept in computing
nodes is particularly characteristic. Thus, while one could run a 2-phase commit protocol over a gossip substrate, doing so would be at odds with the spirit
Gossip_protocol
Subfield of cryptography
Special purpose protocols for specific tasks started in the late 1970s. Later, secure computation was formally introduced as secure two-party computation
Secure multi-party computation
Secure_multi-party_computation
Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
commitment protocols are implemented when distrustful parties are involved. A commitment scheme allows a party Alice to fix a certain value (to "commit") in
Quantum_cryptography
Former software project
machines in a peer-to-peer network. This messaging protocol supports a coordinated distributed two-phase commit that is used to control the progression of computations
Croquet_Project
numbers used by protocols for operation of network applications. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) only need
List of TCP and UDP port numbers
List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers
Blockchain and cryptocurrency
selecting a subset of users participating in the consensus protocol (committees) ensuring two properties: the sortition's result can be easily verified
Algorand
Aspect of Unisys OS 2200 operating system
OS 2200 capability. Full support for the X/Open XA APIs including two-phase commit are built into transaction middleware, the database managers, and even
Unisys OS 2200 distributed processing
Unisys_OS_2200_distributed_processing
Post-quantum digital signature scheme
E_{pk}} due to the endomorphism problem. The protocol proceeds in 4 phases. In phase 1, the prover commits to a random elliptic curve E c o m {\displaystyle
SQIsign
Protocol for statefully assigning IPv6 addresses on an IPv6 network
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 6 (DHCPv6) is a network protocol for configuring Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) hosts with IP addresses
DHCPv6
Database transaction integrity concept
tracks when new servers join a transaction and coordinates an atomic commit protocol among the servers. The details are abstracted from the app, making
Isolation_(database_systems)
Former Chief of Protocol of Libya (born 1942)
Nuri al-Mismari (Arabic: نوري المسماري) is the former chief of protocol of former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi. Known as one of Gaddafi's closest aides
Nuri_al-Mismari
1997 international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
The Kyoto Protocol (Japanese: 京都議定書, Hepburn: Kyōto Giteisho) was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on
Kyoto_Protocol
for remuneration or the promise of remuneration or employed another to commit the murder for remuneration or the promise of remuneration; The murder was
Capital punishment in Oklahoma
Capital_punishment_in_Oklahoma
2025 Israel–Hamas ceasefire agreement
next phase of the peace plan was convened on October 13 in Sharm El Shaikh, Egypt. Prior to the summit, Trump stated that negotiations for phase two of
Gaza_peace_plan
American murderer on death row
count of murder, one count of attempted murder, two counts of assault with intent to commit rape, and two counts of kidnapping; due to the special circumstances
David_Allen_Raley
Processes used to measure emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents
annually on their emissions from six types of industry. Two years later, the Kyoto protocol defined the greenhouse gases that are the focus of today's
Carbon_accounting
Hybrid video game console
that the Switch 2's dock communicates using a non-standard proprietary protocol rendering existing third-party docks incompatible, as those intended for
Nintendo_Switch_2
Free trade area in Africa
of the free trade area. As a result of Phase II negotiations more committees may be established via protocols. The AfCFTA Secretariat is responsible for
African Continental Free Trade Area
African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area
Consensus algorithm
state machine, and the request is considered committed. This event also commits all previous entries in the leader's log. Once a follower learns that a
Raft_(algorithm)
substantial role in committing or attempting to commit, or was fleeing after having a substantial role in committing or attempting to commit, any first degree
Capital punishment in Tennessee
Capital_punishment_in_Tennessee
Legal term for a jury that cannot agree on a verdict
deliver a verdict after majority directions have been given, a careful protocol of questions is followed: only in the event of a guilty verdict is it asked
Hung_jury
evolved into the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), two protocols of the Internet protocol suite. The design reflected concepts
History_of_the_Internet
Environmental policy intended to stop using coal
Coal phase-out is stopping burning coal in coal-fired power plants and elsewhere. This environmental policy is part of fossil fuel phase-out. The health
Coal_phase-out
Series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue after an injury
the process of wound healing is divided into two major phases: the early phase and the cellular phase: Electrospun nanofiber-based wound dressings have
Wound_healing
Gradual reduction of the use and production of fossil fuels
Fossil fuel phase-out is the proposed gradual global reduction of the use and production of fossil fuels to zero, to reduce air pollution, limit climate
Fossil_fuel_phase-out
enforcing partial phase-outs based on the right to clean air. Some cities listed have signed the Fossil Fuel Free Streets Declaration, committing to banning
Phase-out of fossil fuel vehicles
Phase-out_of_fossil_fuel_vehicles
Testing how computer systems behave under unusual stresses
there are two API functions, Commit and PrepareForCommit, such that alone, each of these functions can possibly fail, but if PrepareForCommit is called
Fault_injection
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
phones was possible as early as 2004, through the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), via the Wapedia service. In June 2007, Wikipedia launched en.mobile
Wikipedia
American gangster and crime boss (1929–2018)
traffic cocaine, refusing to pay Bulger a cut of his drug profits and committing two murders without Bulger's permission. Litif told an outraged Bulger he
Whitey_Bulger
Belgian international nonprofit association (AISBL)
December 2025 it released two open protocols: the Eclipse Dataspace Protocol (EDP) and Eclipse Dataspace Decentralised Claims Protocol (EDCCP). Notable members
Eclipse_Foundation
Iran agreed to a two-week ceasefire in the 2026 Iran war, mediated by Pakistan. Iran had rejected the draft proposal for a 45-day two-phase ceasefire framework
2026_Iran_war_ceasefire
Proprietary networking architecture created by IBM
environments, as well as database services, because it contact protocols for 2-phase commit processing). Physical Units were PU5 (VTAM), PU4 (37xx), PU2
Systems_Network_Architecture
International treaties concerning Antarctica
not recognize the claims of others. Forty-two parties to the Antarctic Treaty have also ratified the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic
Antarctic_Treaty_System
2020 Malayalam film
on the wall, and she immediately collapses. Confused, Anoop decides to commit suicide and tries to cut his veins using a shaving blade. He then hears
Love_(2020_film)
Ongoing armed conflict in the Middle East
Rejects Israel Is Committing Genocide In Gaza: 'They're In a War'". Latin Times. 4 August 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2026. "'First phase' of ceasefire deal
Gaza_war
Multimedia framework
Protocol 2.0 (RTSP) Archived 2023-10-25 at the Wayback Machine P.231 "rtsp: Support tls-encapsulated RTSP - git.videolan.org Git - ffmpeg.git/commit"
FFmpeg
Executed American rapist and murderer (1960–2025)
Nichols on September 4, 1984, and he pleaded guilty to assault with intent to commit rape in December of that year. Nichols was sentenced to five years in prison
Harold_Wayne_Nichols
Japan, reach agreement on a protocol to control heat-trapping greenhouse gases. The protocol, if ratified, would commit nations to roll back emissions
1997 world oil market chronology
1997_world_oil_market_chronology
Software for creating virtual worlds
scheduling extended with failure and nesting, Coordinated, distributed two-phase commit that is used to control the progress of computations at multiple sites
Open_Cobalt
Standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone
lightweight, publish-subscribe network protocol that transports messages between devices. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) (a specification of the IETF
Open_standard
Hezbollah fired two projectiles at the Shebaa Farms in what it described as a "defensive and warning response", accusing Israel of committing repeated ceasefire
Hezbollah–Israel conflict (2023–present)
Hezbollah–Israel_conflict_(2023–present)
2017 video game
In 2020, Schofield revealed that the studio was working on The Callisto Protocol, a game set in the PUBG universe but in the far future, taking place on
PUBG:_Battlegrounds
Violations of laws of war
the war. At the International Court of Justice, Israel was charged with committing genocide in Gaza. In May 2024, the International Criminal Court (ICC)
Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war
Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war
Israeli military operation against Lebanon
phosphorus bombs in the heavily populated Bashoura district. According to Protocol III of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, the use of phosphorus
2024_Lebanon_war
Database code that executes after certain events on a table
within a TRANSACTION COMMIT trigger block the completion of the transaction, including the preparation phase during a two-phase commit. Database-level triggers
Database_trigger
Structure connecting neurons in the nervous system
biochemical signalling chain. This terminology is associated with the Bredesen Protocol for treating Alzheimer's disease, which conceptualizes Alzheimer's as an
Synapse
Intentional act causing one's own death
normal verb in scholarly research and journalism for the act of suicide was commit, and argued for destigmatizing terminology related to suicide; in 2011,
Suicide
Web browser developed by Google
UserScript (not built-in). Chrome formerly used their now-deprecated SPDY protocol instead of only HTTP when communicating with servers that support it, such
Google_Chrome
specifically Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II. Israel's president Isaac Herzog accused the residents of Gaza of collective
War_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war
List of characters appearing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Spider-Man provided that the young hero completed the Training Wheels Protocol. Following Quentin Beck's attacks in Europe, the Stark Spider-Man suit
Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: A–L
Characters_of_the_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_A–L
Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany
The deadliest phase of the Holocaust was Operation Reinhard, which was marked by the introduction of extermination camps. Roughly two million Jews in
The_Holocaust
International tribunal organisation
crime of genocide, directly and publicly incites others to commit genocide; Attempts to commit such a crime by taking action that commences its execution
International_Criminal_Court
International treaty
The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. A number of governments across
Kyoto Protocol and government action
Kyoto_Protocol_and_government_action
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
Amnesty International said that Trump's statement "may constitute a threat to commit genocide". Multiple right-wing commentators and many Democrats condemned
2026_Iran_war
Search for a missing Boeing 777 in the southern Indian Ocean
disappearance, two reports about the engine status using the Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) protocol had been automatically
Search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
Search_for_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370
Treatment for tobacco use disorder
Anesetti-Rothermel A, Elmasry H, Davis M, et al. (April 2016). "The Moment Study: protocol for a mixed method observational cohort study of the Alternative Nicotine
Nicotine_replacement_therapy
genocide, which Israeli security forces have committed or been accused of committing since the founding of Israel in 1948. These have included murder, intentional
Israeli_war_crimes
restore inspections by the UN nuclear watchdog IAEA, and commit to implementing the Additional Protocol, allowing for surprise inspections at undeclared sites
2025–2026 Iran–United States negotiations
2025–2026_Iran–United_States_negotiations
Form of online therapy
seek help or treatment. The resources provided in a self-guided treatment protocol are not a part of the intervention itself. While there is a recent shift
Internet interventions for post-traumatic stress
Internet_interventions_for_post-traumatic_stress
M7.2 and M7.5 doublet earthquake
services and cremations. Without proper record-keeping and identification protocols, relatives had to search in improvised morgues and refrigerator trucks
2026_Venezuela_earthquakes
2000 film by Danny Boyle
the trigger, but the chamber is empty. Shocked by Sal's willingness to commit murder, the other members of the community abandon Sal, leave the island
The_Beach_(film)
SS officer and war criminal (1915–1976)
battles his eponymous battle group—Kampfgruppe Peiper—became notorious for committing war crimes against civilians and PoWs. In the Malmedy Massacre Trial,
Joachim_Peiper
Diplomatic meeting in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt
in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, following an agreement to implement the first phase of the Gaza peace plan to end the Gaza war which began in 2023. Representatives
Gaza_peace_summit
Proposed peace agreement between the United States and Iran
the release of frozen Iranian assets, the reopening of the Hormuz, and protocols for managing Iran's nuclear program during a 60-day ceasefire were narrowed
Islamabad_Memorandum
Collection of loosely coupled services used to build computer applications
architecture of the applications and interdependencies between components. Two-phased commits are regarded as an anti-pattern in microservices-based architectures
Microservices
Free and open-source object relational database management system
vulnerable SSL, even with that configuration option Domains Savepoints Two-phase commit The Oversized-Attribute Storage Technique (TOAST) is used to transparently
PostgreSQL
travel, tourism, insurance
TWO PHASE-COMMIT-PROTOCOL
TWO PHASE-COMMIT-PROTOCOL
Boy/Male
Irish
Charioteer.
Male
English
 Variant spelling of English Tommy, TOMMI means "twin." Compare with another form of Tommi.
Male
English
Middle English surname (of Norman French origin) transferred to forename use, CHASE means "hunter."Â
Girl/Female
Tamil
Phase, Time of day
Boy/Male
Hindu
Destiny
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Tommy, TOMMIE means "twin."
Boy/Male
English American
Huntsman.
Male
French
French form of Latin Stephanus, STÉPHANE means "crown."
Female
English
English pet form of Roman Latin Camilla, possibly CAMMIE means "attendant (for a temple)."
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Phase; Time of Day
Male
Romanian
Romanian form of Greek Kosmos, COSMIN means "order, beauty."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a huntsman, or rather a nickname for an exceptionally skilled huntsman, from Middle English chase ‘hunt’ (Old French chasse, from chasser ‘to hunt’, Latin captare).Southern French : topographic name for someone who lived in or by a house, probably the occupier of the most distinguished house in the village, from a southern derivative of Latin casa ‘hut’, ‘cottage’, ‘cabin’.Thomas Chase came to MA from Chesham, Buckinghamshire, England, in the 1640s, and had many prominent descendants. Samuel Chase, born in Somerset Co., MD, in 1741, was one of the first members of the U.S. Supreme Court; Philander Chase, born in Cornish, NH, in 1741 was a prominent Episcopal clergyman, and his nephew Salmon Portland Chase (1808–73), also born in Cornish, was governor of OH, a U.S. senator, and secretary of the U.S. Treasury during the Civil War.
Male
Polish
Polish form of Latin Ivo, IWO means "yew tree."
Surname or Lastname
German
German : nickname for a swift runner or a timorous person, from Middle High German, Middle Low German hase ‘hare’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Hase ‘hare’.English : from a Middle English nickname, Hase, from Old English hÄs ‘harsh, raucous, or hoarse voice’.Japanese : usually written with characters meaning ‘long valley’; habitational name from a place in Yamato (now Nara prefecture). Listed in the Shinsen shÅjiroku. Some bearers are descended from the Taira clan; they are found mainly in eastern Japan. Also pronounced Nagaya and Nagatani; the original pronunciation was Hatsuse, meaning ‘beginning of the strait’.
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of English Tom, TWM means "twin."
Male
Finnish
 Pet form of Finnish Tuomas, TOMMI means "twin." Compare with another form of Tommi.
Boy/Male
English
Raven. Black-haired.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English pese ‘pea’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of peas, or a nickname for a small and insignificant person. The word was originally a collective singular (Old English peose, pise, from Latin pisa) from which the modern English vocabulary word pea is derived by folk etymology, the singular having been taken as a plural.Robert and John Pease came from Great Baddow, Essex, England, to Salem, MA, in 1634. In 1644 Robert died, leaving a son (also called Robert) who was apprenticed as a weaver in Salem. By 1646 John Pease was living on Martha’s Vineyard.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French
Huntsman; Hunter
Girl/Female
English American
meaning twin.
TWO PHASE-COMMIT-PROTOCOL
TWO PHASE-COMMIT-PROTOCOL
TWO PHASE-COMMIT-PROTOCOL
TWO PHASE-COMMIT-PROTOCOL
TWO PHASE-COMMIT-PROTOCOL
TWO PHASE-COMMIT-PROTOCOL
TWO PHASE-COMMIT-PROTOCOL
travel, tourism, insurance