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Italo-Dalmatian varieties of Romance
subdivisions are between Northern Tuscan dialects, the Southern Tuscan dialects, and Corsican. The Northern Tuscan dialects are (from east to west): Florentine
Tuscan_dialects
Dialect of Tuscan spoken in Florence
when it was established in 1861. It is the most widely spoken of the Tuscan dialects. Important writers such as Dante Alighieri, Francis Petrarch, Giovanni
Florentine_dialect
Romance language branch
Other dialects: Pistoiese; Pesciatino or Valdinievolese; Lucchese; Versiliese; Viareggino; Pisano-Livornese. Southern Tuscan dialects: Dialects of Aretino-Chianaiolo
Italo-Western_languages
Romance subfamily of centro-southern Italy and Corsica
Pisano-Livornese. Southern Tuscan dialects: Dialects of Aretino-Chianaiolo, Senese, Grossetano. Corsican: group of dialects spoken in the French island
Italo-Dalmatian_languages
Region of Italy
the Kingdom of Italy, when it was formed. Many Tuscan terms are also common in the Central Italian dialects of Umbria and some parts of Emilia Romagna. Tuscany
Tuscany
Italo-Dalmatian language
Italian dialects, while others are of the opinion that it is closely related to, or as part of, Italy's Tuscan dialect varieties. Italian and the dialects of
Corsican_language
Romance language spoken in Romagna (Italy) and San Marino
The variants of Romagnol form a dialect continuum with their neighbouring varieties, while the more distant dialects might be less mutually intelligible
Romagnol
Phonetic phenomenon in Tuscan Italian
phenomenon governed by a complex of allophonic rules characteristic of the Tuscan dialects, in Tuscany, Italy, especially the central ones, with Florence traditionally
Tuscan_gorgia
Fictional character created by Carlo Collodi
Collodi often used the Italian Tuscan dialect in his book. The name Pinocchio is possibly derived from the rare Tuscan form pinocchio ("pine nut") or
Pinocchio
Island and administrative region of France
Middle Ages: as a result, the Cismuntanu became very similar to the Tuscan dialects, being part of the Italo-Dalmatian language group, while the Ultramuntanu
Corsica
Italian writer and philosopher (1265–1321)
broke with both by writing in the vernacular, specifically his native Tuscan dialect. His De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence in the Vernacular) was one
Dante_Alighieri
Dialect of Central Italian spoken in Rome
Central Italian dialects spoken in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, especially in the core city. It is linguistically close to Tuscan and Standard
Romanesco_dialect
Romance language
the last 700 years or so. Furthermore, the Tuscan dialect is the most conservative of all Italian dialects, radically different from the Gallo-Italian
Italian_language
Unstandardized language spoken in Emilia, Italy
has never been standardised, and spelling varies widely among the dialects. The dialects were largely oral and rarely written until some time in the late
Emilian_language
Italian scholar, poet, and cardinal (1470–1547)
(15th–16th c.), Pietro Bembo greatly influenced the development of the Tuscan dialect as a literary language for poetry and prose, which, by later codification
Pietro_Bembo
Central Italian dialect
Central Italian dialects and the Tuscan dialect but unlike the neighboring Southern Latian dialect and most of the other Italian dialects, by the presence
Central-Northern Latian dialect
Central-Northern_Latian_dialect
Romance language of Veneto, northeast Italy
Alighieri's Tuscan dialect (the best known writers of the Renaissance, such as Petrarch, Boccaccio and Machiavelli, were Tuscan and wrote in the Tuscan language)
Venetian_language
almost all of which originate from the several dialects and languages of Italy, such as the Tuscan dialect, which had a very strong influence in modern
Italian_profanity
Topics referred to by the same term
to Tuscany Tuscan dialect, a central Italian dialectal group from which Italian first emerged Tuscan gorgia, a phonetic sound TVR Tuscan (disambiguation)
Tuscan
Variant of a language
Portuguese dialects Romanian dialects Russian dialects Slavic microlanguages Slovenian dialects Spanish dialects Sri Lankan Tamil dialects Swedish dialects Yiddish
Dialect
People from (or residents of) Sardinia
which is rooted in the medieval Tuscan dialect; Gallurese, which is closely related to Corsican; and Tabarchino, a dialect of Ligurian (Genoese). Not much
Sardinians
Consonant sound change
occlusion, rather than voicing is found for post-vocalic /p t k/ in many Tuscan dialects of Central Italy. Stereotypical Florentine, for example, has the /k/
Lenition
Series of sound changes affecting some West Germanic languages
part of the Upper German dialect area. Glottalic theory The Tuscan gorgia, a similar evolution differentiating the Tuscan dialects from Standard Italian
High_German_consonant_shift
Language variety with substantially codified usage
thus may be defined in opposition to standard dialects) are called nonstandard or vernacular dialects. The standardization of a language is a continual
Standard_language
Character from de theatre style Commedia dell'arte
created in the late 16th century, spoke a mixture of Bolognese and Tuscan dialects. An upper-class Brighella. Could be capable of gymnastic or other physical
Brighella
Sound shift in the Germanic languages
German consonant shift Glottalic theory The Tuscan gorgia, a similar evolution differentiating the Tuscan dialects from Standard Italian. The Uralic Hungarian
Grimm's_law
Process of language change that affects pronunciation or sound system structure
historical introduction of an alternation (such as postvocalic /k/ in the Tuscan dialect, which was once [k] as in di [k]arlo 'of Carlo' but is now [h] di [h]arlo
Sound_change
Poetic form, traditionally fourteen specifically rhymed lines
original Sicilian language, however, but only after being translated into Tuscan dialect. The form consisted of a pair of quatrains followed by a pair of tercets
Sonnet
Lombard dialect spoken in Milan
standard Italian) is often called a dialetto ('dialect'). This can be misunderstood to mean a variety of the Tuscan-derived national language, which it is not
Milanese_dialect
Gallo-Italic language spoken in the Italian region of Lombardy
Traditionally, the Lombard dialects have been classified into the Eastern, Western, Alpine and Southern Lombard dialects. The varieties of the Italian
Lombard_language
German fairy tale
probably formed from the world tremoto, which means "earthquake" in Tuscan dialect, and the suffix "-ino", which generally indicates a small and/or sly
Rumpelstiltskin
Historic building in Florence, Italy
deʎʎ innoˈtʃɛnti]; "Hospital of the Innocents"), also known in old Tuscan dialect as the Spedale degli Innocenti, is a historic building in Florence,
Ospedale_degli_Innocenti
Macroregion and statistical region of Italy
groups that are structurally independent from modern Tuscan. Central Italian itself refers to the dialects of Italo-Romance spoken in the *Area Mediana*, which
Central_Italy
Regional varieties of the Italian language
instead of sabbia ("sand"), cencio instead of panno ("cloth"). The Tuscan historical dialects (including Corsican) belong to the same linguistic system as Italian
Regional_Italian
Central Italian dialect
mud) Central Italian dialects Tuscan Umbria Sabino dialect Marche A website about the dialect of Ancona A blog about the dialect of Macerata Morroni,
Central_Marchigiano_dialect
Form of a language used in written literature
variety and several vernacular dialects. Maltese has a variety of dialects (including the Żejtun dialect, Qormi dialect and Gozitan amongst others) that
Literary_language
based on, the Florentine dialect of Tuscan. Thus, the Romance languages of Italy that are commonly referred to as "dialects" are described as such in
Languages_of_Italy
Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter, and film director (born 1952)
meaning 'Bad Wojtyla' in Italian, but with a somewhat friendly meaning in Tuscan dialect). Benigni's first film as director was Tu mi turbi (You Upset Me) in
Roberto_Benigni
Sounds and pronunciation of the Italian language
Antonio /anˈtɔnjo/ is frequently [anˈdɔnjo]. The various Tuscan, Corsican and central Italian dialects are, to some extent, the closest ones to standard Italian
Italian_phonology
Italian poet and playwright (1782–1861)
pre-eminence of classic learning, but also to the pre-eminence of the Tuscan dialect and writers such as Dante. In 1817 he became a member of the Accademia
Giovanni_Battista_Niccolini
Italian scholar and poet (1304–1374)
first to develop the concept of the "Dark Ages". Petrarch was born in the Tuscan city Arezzo on 20 July 1304. He was the son of Ser Petracco (a diminutive
Petrarch
Common speech variety of a specific population
vernacular dialect, nonstandard dialect, etc. and is typically its speakers' native variety. Regardless of any such stigma, all nonstandard dialects are full-fledged
Vernacular
Venetian sailing captain in the 15th century
map, made in the 1450s, however. The story was also translated into Tuscan dialect and published by Giovanni Battista Ramusio in a printed version in a
Pietro_Querini
1435 treatise by Leon Battista Alberti
of the dark varnish used by Apelles. 1435/6, Della Pittura (in the Tuscan dialect of Italian) 1439–41, De pictura (in Latin) Spencer, J (1956, 1966) On
De_pictura
Old Bulgarian, Macedonian, Old Norse, Medieval French and the Italian Tuscan dialect of the renaissance. Western literature Medieval literature Renaissance
List_of_European_literatures
Historical region in Croatia and Montenegro
Republic. The Republic was influenced by the Venetian language and the Tuscan dialect. In the early 16th century, most of the Dalmatian hinterland which was
Dalmatia
Sociolinguistic phenomenon
formal situations. Voi is the traditional polite form of address in Tuscan dialects: Dante employs it in his 14th-century Divine Comedy when showing particular
T–V distinction in the world's languages
T–V_distinction_in_the_world's_languages
1358–1808 maritime republic in Southern Europe (Dalmatia)
that the dialects of Dalmatia and Dubrovnik were different from each other ... and both these dialects were somewhat different from the dialect of Zagreb
Republic_of_Ragusa
Port city in Italy
of the city. Livorno is considered to be the most modern among all the Tuscan cities, and is the third most-populous of the region, after Florence and
Livorno
City-state on the Italian Peninsula (1115–1569)
Petrarch, and Boccaccio. They chose to write in the Tuscan dialect of Italian over Latin; as a result, Tuscan evolved into the standard Italian language. Florence
Republic_of_Florence
Period of European history between AD 1300 and 1500
first modern lyric poems). Together, the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. The new literary style
Late_Middle_Ages
Topics referred to by the same term
related to Siena (more commonly Sienese in English) Senese, a Southern Tuscan dialect Senese (surname), a list of notable people with the surname Senese Senesi
Senese
Italian cultural movement from the 14th to 17th century
such as Siena and Lucca. The Tuscan culture soon became the model for all the states of Northern Italy, and the Tuscan dialect came to predominate throughout
Italian_Renaissance
American/Mexican indigenous rights organization
modern Italians unified their nation under Roman-Italic identity and the Tuscan dialect.[citation needed] Nican Tlaca (literally meaning "Man Here") was first
Mexica_Movement
Romance varieties spoken in Central Italy
Central Italian (Italian: dialetti mediani “central dialects”) is a group of Italo-Romance varieties indigenous to much of Central Italy. In the early
Central_Italian
Extinct dialect of Judeo-Italian spoken in Livorno
Bedarida. The Livornese dialect of Tuscan would first emerge during the 18th century when it began to diverge from the nearby Pisan dialect, due to Livorno gaining
Judeo-Livornese
Largest city in Tuscany, Italy
especially to the works of the Tuscans Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio, the Florentine dialect, above all the local dialects, was adopted as the basis for
Florence
First dictionary of the Italian language
della Crusca was founded in Florence with the aim of codifying the Tuscan dialect and producing a comprehensive dictionary, drawing mainly on the lexicon
Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca
Vocabolario_degli_Accademici_della_Crusca
Coastal city in southern Croatia
the republic was heavily influenced by the Venetian language and the Tuscan dialect. Italian took root among the Dalmatian-speaking merchant upper classes
Dubrovnik
Regional capital city of Campania, Italy
history of the Neapolitan language was deeply entwined with that of the Tuscan dialect, which then became the current Italian language. The first written testimonies
Naples
17th-century conflict between Galileo Galilei and the Roman Catholic Church
pigeon", it was also a jocular colloquialism for a testicle, and a Tuscan dialect word for a fool. Drake (1978, p. 180), Favaro (1901) 11:241–242) Archived
Galileo_affair
Secular vocal music composition of the Renaissance and early Baroque eras
a writer, Cardinal Pietro Bembo advocated using vernacular Italian (Tuscan dialect) for poetry and literature, which facilitated composers' creating lyrical
Madrigal
Line in Dante's Inferno
"chioccia"), typical of that dialect. By the phenomena known as anaptyxis and perhaps paragogy, typical of the Tuscan dialect of his day (as in "salamelecco"
Pape_Satàn,_pape_Satàn_aleppe
Italian-derived Jewish dialect continuum
endangered and extinct Jewish dialects, with only about 200 speakers in Italy and 250 total speakers today. The dialects are one of the Italian languages
Judeo-Italian_dialects
Group of languages
and Sassarese as its dialects, as part of Italo-Dalmatian and closely related to Tuscan or the centro-southern Italian dialects, because of the island's
Southern_Romance_languages
Province of Italy
were sung in the Piacentino dialect but sometimes included elements from other Gallo-Italic languages or Tuscan dialects. This is explained by the non-native
Province_of_Piacenza
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨θ⟩ in IPA
Brythonic languages, Peninsular Spanish, Galician, Venetian, Tuscan, Albanian, some Occitan dialects and Greek. It has likewise disappeared from many modern
Voiceless_dental_fricative
1632 book by Galileo Galilei
meaning "young pigeon", it is also a jocular term for a testicle, and a Tuscan dialect word for a fool. Drake, (1970, pp. 191–196), Linton (2004, pp. 211–12)
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
Dialogue_Concerning_the_Two_Chief_World_Systems
1848–1870 consolidation of Italian states
1840 version of I Promessi Sposi used a standardized version of the Tuscan dialect, a conscious effort by the author to provide a language and force people
Unification_of_Italy
Regulatory body of the French language
Florence in 1582, which formalized the already dominant position of the Tuscan dialect of Florence as the model for Italian; the Florentine academy had published
Académie_Française
Sea-based city-states on the Italian peninsula and Dalmatia during the Middle Ages
Venetian language and the Tuscan dialect. The population spoke the local variant of the Shtokavian dialect, the same dialect upon which modern Croatian
Maritime_republics
Topics referred to by the same term
(disambiguation) Gorgasia, a genus of garden eel Tuscan gorgia, a phonological process in the Tuscan dialect of Italian This disambiguation page lists articles
Gorgias_(disambiguation)
version Vulgate, a revision of a pre-existing Tuscan-dialect manuscript to reflect the Venetian dialect. A different translation was also printed in Venice
Bible translations into Italian
Bible_translations_into_Italian
Capital and largest city of Italy
Starting with the 16th century, the Roman dialect underwent a stronger and stronger influence from the Tuscan dialect (from which modern Italian derives) starting
Rome
Romance language spoken in northeastern Sardinia
transitional traits between Tuscan, Corsican and Sardinian but, in comparison with Gallurese, is definitely closer to the Logudorese dialects of Sardinian. The
Gallurese
Venetian humanist, poet, dramatist, diplomat, linguist and philosopher (1478–1550)
were those, like Machiavelli, who supported the spoken version of the Tuscan dialect. On the other hand, Pietro Bembo argued that the Italian standard should
Gian_Giorgio_Trissino
Italian poet (1235–1294)
Guittone d'Arezzo (Arezzo, c. 1235 – 21 August 1294) was a Tuscan poet and the founder of the Tuscan School. He was an acclaimed secular love poet before his
Guittone_d'Arezzo
How verbs are conjugated in Italian
singular forms of the verbs andare and fare, but vo and fo are used in the Tuscan dialect. The infix -isc- varies in pronunciation between /isk/ and /iʃʃ/, depending
Italian_conjugation
Italian composer
L'acqua cheta, which premiered in Rome in 1920. The text was from a 1908 Tuscan dialect piece by Augusto Novelli, a romantic comedy in the Florentine petty
Giuseppe_Pietri
Italo-Dalmatian language of Sardinia
different languages – namely Sardinian, Corsican/Tuscan, and Ligurian. The neighbouring Logudorese dialects of Sardinian exercised a significant influence
Sassarese_language
Russian and Soviet linguist (1880–1944)
abroad, first to Leipzig and then to northern Italy, where he studied Tuscan dialects. During the autumn holidays of 1907 and 1908, on the advice of Baudouin
Lev_Shcherba
East Central Deutsch dialect
feature among Central German dialects, as opposed to strongly aspirated [pʰ], [tʰ], and [kʰ] in dominant German dialects. In contrast to neighboring Thuringian
Upper_Saxon_German
Family of Romance languages
language itself, these dialects are best generically described as Southern Gallo-Italic. The major centres where these dialects can still be heard today
Gallo-Italic_languages
Painting by Gentile da Fabriano
visual pun, since the term "falconer" translates to Strozzieri in the Tuscan dialect. Another falcon in the painting is situated just below in the middle
Adoration of the Magi (Gentile da Fabriano)
Adoration_of_the_Magi_(Gentile_da_Fabriano)
1840 version of I promessi sposi used a standardized version of the Tuscan dialect, a conscious effort by the author to provide a language and force people
History_of_Italy
Italian political and nationalist movement
the Tuscan dialect of Pisa, an Italian city that dominated the island before Genoa. In the north of the island (Calvi), there was also a local dialect (now
Italian irredentism in Corsica
Italian_irredentism_in_Corsica
Romance language
an asterisk (*) to indicate that it is preserved only in some dialects. In most dialects it has been merged with /ʝ/ in the merger called yeísmo. Similarly
Spanish_language
Dialect of Italian spoken in Marino
The Marino dialect is a dialect belonging to the dialects of the Roman Castles in the linguistic family of Central Italian and, specifically, the Central-Northern
Marino_dialect
Italian jurist and poet (1270 – c. 1336)
Resting place Pistoia Cathedral Occupation jurist poet Language Italian (Tuscan dialect) Latin Education University of Bologna Period Late Middle Ages Genres
Cino_da_Pistoia
Language of Sicily and its satellite islands
(2001), Polyglot Italy: Languages, Dialects, Peoples, Ottawa: Legas, ISBN 0-949919-61-6 Ledgeway, Adam (2016). "The dialects of Southern Italy". In Ledgeway
Sicilian_language
Lombard dialects of Italy
dialetti (lit. 'dialects'), understood to mean not a variety of Italian, but a local language that is part of the Romance languages dialect continuum that
Eastern_Lombard_dialects
Concept in linguistics
[ˈpuɲ] < pugnum) and in Tuscan. In a few languages, -gn- developed instead to a sequence of semivowel + /n/: [jn] in some dialects of central and southern
Palatalization in the Romance languages
Palatalization_in_the_Romance_languages
Republic. The Republic was influenced by the Venetian language and the Tuscan dialect. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Illyrian towns on the Dalmatian
History_of_Dalmatia
Standard Swedish Swedish dialects Svealandic Stockholm dialects Uppländska dialect North Swedish Luleå dialects Kalix Kiruna dialect East Swedish Åland Swedish
List of Indo-European languages
List_of_Indo-European_languages
Italian architect and author (1404-1472)
discussed education, marriage, household management, and money—in the Tuscan dialect. The work was not printed until 1843. Like Erasmus decades later, Alberti
Leon_Battista_Alberti
Comune in Tuscany, Italy
region of Tuscany in Italy, located on the island of the same name of the Tuscan Archipelago. It is located 64 km from Livorno, 53 km from the Promontorio
Capraia_Isola
Vowel mutation process in Romance languages
Eastern Astur-Leonese dialects (Eastern Asturias and Cantabria) lost the u/o distinction in noun gender markers. Some of those dialects also lost metaphony
Metaphony_(Romance_languages)
Form of cabbage with green or purple leaves
known by its Italian translation 'cavolo nero', and also known as Tuscan cabbage, Tuscan kale, lacinato and dinosaur kale) Sparkly-leaf (shiny and glossy)
Kale
Language spoken in the Philippines
Philippine languages, the most developed and extensive (mirroring that of the Tuscan language vis-à-vis Italian). From at least before 1935, more books were
Filipino_language
Romance language of the West Iberian group
speakers is estimated at 100,000 (native) and 450,000 (second language). The dialects of the Astur-Leonese language family are traditionally classified in three
Asturian_language
TUSCAN DIALECTS
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