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Mechanism in a some relational databases to store past states of a relation
Tuple-versioning (also called point-in-time) is a mechanism used in a relational database management system to store past states of a relation. Normally
Tuple-versioning
Database model
Relation Relational database Relational database management system Tuple-versioning Codd, E.F (1969), Derivability, Redundancy, and Consistency of Relations
Relational_model
Structure in data warehousing
the previous row. The null End_Date in row two indicates the current tuple version. A standardized surrogate high date (e.g. 9999-12-31) may instead be
Slowly_changing_dimension
Structure that categorizes facts and measures in a data warehouse
containing the new value(s), and distinguish between the rows using Tuple-versioning techniques. Type three: Add a new attribute to the existing row. Source:
Dimension_(data_warehouse)
columns of type DATETIME: StartDate and EndDate. This is known as tuple versioning. These two additional columns define a period of time of "validity"
Log_trigger
Smooth approximation of one-hot arg max
also known as softargmax or normalized exponential function, converts a tuple of K real numbers into a probability distribution over K possible outcomes
Softmax_function
Programming language and superset of JavaScript
bringing many language additions like tuples in rest parameters and spread expressions, rest parameters with tuple types, generic rest parameters and so
TypeScript
List of versions of the Java programming language
customers ended in April 2015. This version introduced a new versioning system for the Java language, although the old versioning system continued to be used
Java_version_history
similarly to what is dubbed RDBMS, Tuple Stores, also known as Triple Store or Quad Store but also Generic Tuple Store, Document database, that mimics
Ordered_key–value_store
Mathematical concept and applications in software development
mathematics, a circular shift is the operation of rearranging the entries in a tuple, either by moving the final entry to the first position, while shifting
Circular_shift
General-purpose programming language
operator can be used to concatenate two tuples, which does not directly modify their contents, but produces a new tuple containing the elements of both. For
Python_(programming_language)
Object detection system
{\displaystyle S^{2}} patches. The output of the network on each patch is a tuple as follows: ( p 1 , … , p C , c 1 , x 1 , y 1 , w 1 , h 1 , … , c B , x
You_Only_Look_Once
Object-oriented programming language
a result, TUPLE [A, B, C] conforms to (may be assigned to) TUPLE [A, B], to TUPLE [A] and to TUPLE (without parameters), the topmost tuple type to which
Eiffel_(programming_language)
Microsoft embedded database engine
ESE supports a concurrency control mechanism called multi-versioning. In multi-versioning, every transaction queries a consistent view of the entire
Extensible_Storage_Engine
Programming language
compound data types: Tuples Tuples are containers for a fixed number of Erlang data types. The syntax {D1,D2,...,Dn} denotes a tuple whose arguments are
Erlang_(programming_language)
Principal protocol used to stream data across an IP network
sees any evidence of an attack. A TCP connection is identified by a four-tuple of the source address, source port, destination address, and destination
Transmission_Control_Protocol
2011 edition of the C++ programming language standard
Types> class tuple; } An example of definition and use of the tuple type: typedef std::tuple<int, double, long&, const char*> TestTuple; long lengthy
C++11
Templates in computer programming
arguments template <typename... Ts> class Tuple; The above template class Tuple (representing a product type or tuple) will take any number of typenames as
Variadic_template
Toolkit for manipulation of images
output results in an error message. For the black-and-white version of PAM (depth 1, tuple type BLACKANDWHITE), corresponding to PBM, PAM uses one byte
Netpbm
Set of tuples consisting of values indexed by attributes
database theory, a relation, as originally defined by E. F. Codd, is a set of tuples (d1,d2,...,dn), where each element dj is a member of Dj, a data domain.
Relation_(database)
Relational database programming language
with or without an index. Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational calculus, SQL consists of many types of statements, which may
SQL
Coordinates comprising a distance and two angles
Once the radius is fixed, the three coordinates (r, θ, φ), known as a 3-tuple, provide a coordinate system on a sphere, typically called the spherical
Spherical_coordinate_system
Integer side lengths of a right triangle
is a Pythagorean n-tuple for any tuple of positive integers (m1, ..., mn) with m2 1 > m2 2 + ... + m2 n. The Pythagorean n-tuple can be made primitive
Pythagorean_triple
Microsoft programming language
the arity of the tuple. A 3-tuple would be represented as (A, B, C), where A, B, and C are values of possibly different types. A tuple can be used to store
F Sharp (programming language)
F_Sharp_(programming_language)
Authorization software system
lists (ACLs) expressed as relationship tuples under a relationship-based access control (ReBAC) model. Each tuple represents a subject, a relation, and
Google_Zanzibar
Mathematical notation
concept of an integer index to an ordered tuple of indices. An n-dimensional multi-index is an n {\textstyle n} -tuple α = ( α 1 , α 2 , … , α n ) {\displaystyle
Multi-index_notation
Method for specifying point positions
interchangeable; they are commonly distinguished by their position in an ordered tuple, or by a label, such as in "the x-coordinate". The coordinates are taken
Coordinate_system
Type of programming language
known as a tuple space because its basic addressable unit is a tuple, an ordered sequence of typed data objects; specifically in Linda, a tuple is a sequence
Linda_(coordination_language)
Programming language
parenthetical expression or tuple (... | ...) (proofs | values) .<...>. termination metric @(...) flat tuple or variadic function parameters tuple (see example's printf)
ATS_(programming_language)
internally on a 'tuple space', while the Maps are not actually stored but are helpers, each representing nothing more than an immutable tuple prefix. Maps
InfinityDB
Relational database access language
QUEL is a relational database query language, based on tuple relational calculus, with some similarities to SQL. It was created as a part of the Ingres
QUEL_query_languages
Type of data structure
least one array index or key, the collection of which may be a tuple, known as an index tuple. In general, an array is a mutable and linear collection of
Array_(data_structure)
Colour matching system
5, the majority are divisible by 10. Conversion from RAL Design number tuple to CIELAB RAL Design = ( h a b ∘ , L ∗ , C a b ∗ ) a ∗ = C a b ∗ ⋅ cos
RAL_colour_standard
Way to specify the location of data on computer storage devices
cylinder-head-sector (CHS) scheme, where blocks were addressed by means of a tuple which defined the cylinder, head, and sector at which they appeared on the
Logical_block_addressing
Property that assigns truth values to k-tuples of individuals
subset of the Cartesian product X1 × ... × Xn; that is, it is a set of n-tuples (x1, ..., xn), each being a sequence of elements xi in the corresponding
Finitary_relation
Set of rules defining correctly structured programs
append(5) Tuples (class tuple) are immutable sequences of items of arbitrary types. There is also a special syntax to create tuples my_tuple: tuple[int |
Python_syntax_and_semantics
Prime differing from another prime by two
than n tends to 1 as n tends to infinity. Cousin prime Prime gap Prime k-tuple Prime quadruplet Prime triplet Sexy prime Glaisher, J. W. L. (March 1878)
Twin_prime
Algorithm for selecting the best sources for time estimation
endpoint] Start at beginning of the list (lowest offset) consider each tuple in order. endcount = endcount−type. If endcount ≥ M−f then lower = offset
Intersection_algorithm
Simplicial set constructed from the objects and morphisms of a small category
and Ai → Ai+1 into the morphism Ai−1 → Ai+1, yielding a (k − 1)-tuple for every k-tuple. Similarly, the degeneracy maps s i : N ( C ) k → N ( C ) k + 1
Nerve_(category_theory)
Agreement algorithm
far), i (an index), and the table of tuples. Build the table of tuples. Sort the table by the offset. (If two tuples with the same offset but opposite types
Marzullo's_algorithm
2014 edition of the C++ programming language standard
Standard Library Types (part 1 - version 4)" (PDF). Spertus, Mike (19 April 2013). "N3670 Wording for Addressing Tuples by Type: Revision 2". Wakely, Jonathan
C++14
Proprietary accounting and enterprise resource planning business system
June 2019. Postbooks was based on the commercially licensed xTuple ERP system created by xTuple, a private software company based in Norfolk, Virginia (VA)
Postbooks
Functions whose execution you can pause
std::optional<std::tuple<Ts...>>. This is an example of C++20 coroutines with the C++26 std::execution::task class. import std; using std::optional; using std::tuple; using
Coroutine
Free and open-source object relational database management system
PlanetScale". planetscale.com. September 22, 2025. Retrieved April 28, 2026. "Versioning policy". PostgreSQL Global Development Group. Retrieved October 4, 2018
PostgreSQL
Chinese-born American mathematician
This result implies the existence of an infinitely repeatable prime 2-tuple, thus establishing a theorem akin to the twin prime conjecture. Zhang's
Yitang_Zhang
Feature of programming languages
optional<tuple<task<int>>> result = std::execution::sync_wait(test()); std::println("Result: {}", std::get<0>( result.value_or(std::make_tuple(-1))) );
Async/await
Document that proposed additions to the C++ standard library
sph_neumannl(unsigned int n, long double x); new <tuple> header file – tuple based on Boost Tuple library vaguely an extension of the standard std::pair
C++_Technical_Report_1
General-purpose programming language
List comprehension – C# 3 LINQ Tuples – .NET Framework 4.0 but it becomes popular when C# 7.0 introduced a new tuple type with language support Nested
C Sharp (programming language)
C_Sharp_(programming_language)
Revision of the C++ programming language released in 2026
loops (a.k.a. expansion statements) to iterate over type/parameter packs, tuple-like objects and meta-objects. Allow attaching the entry point, main, to
C++26
General-purpose programming language
the tuple and array types can be written through listing the values, and can be accessed with .index (with tuples) or [index] (with arrays): let tuple: (u32
Rust_(programming_language)
Theorem in mathematics
complex variable. It generalizes to functions from n-tuples (of real or complex numbers) to n-tuples, and to functions between vector spaces of the same
Inverse_function_theorem
Encoding for a sequence of byte values using 85 printable characters
and the following is the end of the quote (penultimate 4-tuple): As however the final 4-tuple is incomplete after the period, it must be padded with three
Ascii85
Open-source web application framework
2016, Microsoft released ASP.NET Core as ASP.NET's successor. This new version is a re-implementation of ASP.NET as a modular web framework, together
ASP.NET
manipulation of tuples as ValueTuple instances; this also provides for the arbitrary renaming of the tuples' constituent fields (as opposed to Tuple, where the
Comparison of C Sharp and Java
Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Java
Coding language, extension for Erlang
"Trillian"} 2> Msg. "Trillian" LFE: lfe> (set (tuple len status msg) #(8 ok "Trillian")) lfe> ;; or with LFE literal tuple syntax: lfe> (set `#(,len ,status ,msg)
LFE_(programming_language)
Feature in programming languages
PROCEDURE [ANY, TUPLE [STRING, STRING]] -- Drawing agent of Current. feature {NONE} -- Implementation draw (a_data_agent: FUNCTION [ANY, TUPLE, TUPLE [name, color:
Double_dispatch
Enterprise software company
xTuple is a privately held American enterprise software company that develops and markets software under the brand name xTuple ERP. The company was originally
XTuple
Pair of mathematical objects
always equals the unordered pair {b,a}. Ordered pairs are also called 2-tuples, or sequences (sometimes, lists in a computer science context) of length
Ordered_pair
2023 edition of the C++ programming language standard
std::unreachable: a function to mark unreachable code made std::tuple compatible with other tuple-like objects std::basic_common_reference specialization for
C++23
Technical standard
r 2 {\displaystyle q=r_{2}} . The RSA public key is represented as the tuple ( n , e ) {\displaystyle (n,e)} , where the integer e is the public exponent
PKCS_1
Medical condition caused by chromosomal abnormality
are now understood to be presentations of a single syndrome. ICD-10 2015 version mentions DiGeorge syndrome using two codes: D82.1 (Di George syndrome)
DiGeorge_syndrome
Initial result in using test functions to find extremum
are stated everywhere except the finite set of discontinuity points. If a tuple of continuous functions f 0 , f 1 , … , f n {\displaystyle f_{0},f_{1},\dots
Fundamental lemma of the calculus of variations
Fundamental_lemma_of_the_calculus_of_variations
Counts tuples of non-intersecting lattice paths
mathematics, the Lindström–Gessel–Viennot lemma provides a way to count the tuples of non-intersecting lattice paths, or, more generally, paths on a directed
Lindström–Gessel–Viennot lemma
Lindström–Gessel–Viennot_lemma
Metaprogramming technique
typename... Args> struct Concatenator<Concat, tuple<Args...>> { using Type = typename Concatenator<Concat - 1, tuple<typename Res<Number<Concat>>::Result, Args
Template_metaprogramming
Erlang-based database management software
contain a key value and a data field. This data field may in turn be a tuple containing an Erlang data structure of any complexity. Mnesia has three
Mnesia
Extracting features from raw data for machine learning
operations. These redundancies can be reduced by using techniques such as tuple id propagation. There are a number of open-source libraries and tools that
Feature_engineering
Logical formulation of graph properties
based on least fixed point operators allow more general predicates over tuples of vertices, but these predicates can only be constructed through fixed-point
Logic_of_graphs
Pattern matching algorithm
WMEs where each WME contains a fixed-length tuple. In this case, tuples are typically triplets (3-tuples). Each WME enters the Rete network at a single
Rete_algorithm
Tensor having both covariant and contravariant indices
Such a tensor can be defined as a linear function which maps an (M + N)-tuple of M one-forms and N vectors to a scalar. Consider the following octet of
Mixed_tensor
Abstract calculator
(Recursive Unsolvability of a Problem of Thue) atomized the Turing 5-tuples to 4-tuples: "Our quadruplets are quintuplets in the Turing development. That
Post–Turing_machine
Overview of and topical guide to Rust
management Ownership Pattern matching Serialization Smart pointers Strings Tuples and structs Traits Type inference Unit testing Variables Compile time performance
Outline of the Rust programming language
Outline_of_the_Rust_programming_language
Relationship among tones of the chromatic scale
In twelve-tone equal temperament, one can start off with an ordered 12-tuple (tone row) of integers: (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) representing
Circle_of_fifths
Standard for computer data connections
transfer, it sends a TOKEN packet containing an endpoint specified with a tuple of (device_address, endpoint_number). If the transfer is from the host to
USB
Reduction of data redundancy
form BCNF: Boyce–Codd normal form 4NF: Fourth normal form ETNF: Essential tuple normal form 5NF: Fifth normal form DKNF: Domain-key normal form 6NF: Sixth
Database_normalization
Alternative foundation of mathematics
dependently-typed tuples used in mathematics and the records or structs used in most programming languages. An example of a dependently-typed 3-tuple is two integers
Intuitionistic_type_theory
Choosing the fewest coins to make a given amount of money
coin]. n is the number to obtain with the fewest coins. coins is a list or tuple with the available denominations. """ m = _get_change_making_matrix(coins
Change-making_problem
Improved version of the vi text editor
Stevie editor ported to Amiga (by Tony Andrews et al.) as a starting point. Version 1.14 (completed 2 November 1991) became the first public release. It was
Vim_(text_editor)
Data structure for query optimization in databases
organized on key field or primary key field). One index entry for every tuple in the data file (dense index) contains the value of the indexed attribute
Database_index
Mathematical theorem
variations. At this point in the proof, the gradient (defined as the n-tuple of partial derivatives) is guaranteed to exist almost everywhere; for each
Rademacher's_theorem
which are finite bags of tuples (rows). StreamSQL adds the ability to manipulate streams, which are infinite sequences of tuples that are not all available
StreamSQL
Features in Haskell programming language
-- The type of a three-tuple, representing -- a name, balance, and interest rate account = ("John Smith",102894,5.25) Tuples are commonly used in the
Haskell_features
Mathematical expression with disputed status
interpretation of b0 is the number of 0-tuples of elements from a b-element set; there is exactly one 0-tuple. The set-theoretic interpretation of b0
Zero_to_the_power_of_zero
Enterprise architecture framework
– Object – also used in RDF. See Tuple. TRAK requires each tuple to be explicit. The Architecture Description Tuples are defined by the TRAK Metamodel
TRAK
Overview of and topical guide to Java
libraries Serialization – widely seen as a serious security risk Lack of tuples – requires awkward workarounds or third-party libraries Licensing and governance
Outline of the Java programming language
Outline_of_the_Java_programming_language
Theorem of convex functions
a definitive version of this inequality by considering genuine non‐commutative convex combinations. In particular, if one has an n‑tuple of bounded self‐adjoint
Jensen's_inequality
Result from multiplying no factors
familiar n-tuple interpretation, ∏ ∅ = { ( ) } , {\displaystyle \prod _{\varnothing }{}=\{()\},} that is, the singleton set containing the empty tuple. Note
Empty_product
Exchange format for business information
document. XBRL Versioning – This module achieved Recommendation status 27 February 2013. This specification enables creation of Versioning Report which
XBRL
OLAP query language
coordinated in sets and tuples (see below). Tuple. Tuple is an ordered collection of one or more members from different dimensions. Tuples can be specified by
MultiDimensional_eXpressions
Concept in linear algebra
vector is a representation of a vector as an ordered list of numbers (a tuple) that describes the vector in terms of a particular ordered basis. An easy
Coordinate_vector
Set of rules defining correctly structured C++ program
std::execution::sync_wait(), which returns std::optional<std::tuple<Ts...>>. import std; using std::optional; using std::tuple; using std::execution::task; task<int> add(int
C++_syntax
Design pattern in functional programming to build generic types
string tuple, then takes in a function (like foo) that maps from an integer to an integer and string tuple. Its output is an integer and string tuple, which
Monad (functional programming)
Monad_(functional_programming)
Communications endpoint in an operating system
listening port; this works because a TCP connection is identified by a tuple consisting of the local address, the local port, the remote address, and
Port_(computer_networking)
Format for legal agreements that is executable in software
references to smart contract logic created a hybrid version of the Ricardian contract. This form proposes a tuple of {prose, parameters, code} where the parameters
Ricardian_contract
Computational method in group theory
represented as weakly decreasing tuples; for example, two of the partitions of 8 are (5,2,1) and (3,3,1,1). There are two versions of the Murnaghan-Nakayama
Murnaghan–Nakayama_rule
Type of Turing machine
symbols { A, C, D, R, L, N, ; } to encode each 5-tuple; as described in the article Turing machine, his 5-tuples are only of types N1, N2, and N3. The number
Universal_Turing_machine
Packet alteration framework for Linux and the umbrella project for software of the same
protocol, source address, destination address, layer-4 protocol, layer-4 key) tuple. The layer-4 key depends on the transport protocol; for TCP/UDP it is the
Netfilter
Data standard for public transport information
contents. Tables using a two-value tuple, such as stop_times, use record_id and record_sub_id to represent the tuple. The translation column is the output
GTFS
Distrust of compromised certificates
from a single CA to be identified by a tuple of certificate expiration date and revocation number; this tuple allows a client to efficiently locate a
Certificate_revocation
Paradox in set theory
R . {\displaystyle R\in R\iff R\not \in R.} Russell also showed that a version of the paradox could be derived in the axiomatic system constructed by
Russell's_paradox
Organized collection of data in computing
directly updated. Codd used mathematical terms to define the model: relations, tuples, and domains rather than tables, rows, and columns. The terminology that
Database
TUPLE VERSIONING
TUPLE VERSIONING
Female
Finnish
Estonian form of Finnish Tuuli, TUULE means "wind."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by a small stream or an intermittent spring (Old English flÅd(e), from flÅwan ‘to flow’).Anglicized form of the Welsh personal name Llwyd (see Lloyd).Irish : translation of various names correctly or erroneously associated with Gaelic tuile ‘flood’ (see Toole).
Surname or Lastname
Irish (County Cork)
Irish (County Cork) : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Murthuile, ‘descendant of Murthuile’, a personal name from murthuile ‘sea tide’ (muir ‘sea’ + tuile ‘tide’, ‘flood’).Irish (Donegal and Mayo) : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Murghaile ‘descendant of Murghal’, a personal name from muir ‘sea’ + gal ‘valor’.English : possibly of Irish origin, but it occurs chiefly in southwestern counties, suggesting that it may be a variant of the habitational name Morley, from Moreleigh in Devon.
TUPLE VERSIONING
TUPLE VERSIONING
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
A Mountain Range
Boy/Male
Hindu
Fiery, Energetic, Powerful, Vigorous
Biblical
sorrow; trouble;he makes sorrow or height; sorrow;
Female
Scandinavian
Scandinavian form of Old Norse Hildr, HILDE means "battle." Compare with masculine Hilde.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Slave of the Forbearing
Boy/Male
Hindu
End of Era
Boy/Male
Muslim
The elevated one
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Lovely Eyes
Boy/Male
Tamil
God of night
Female
English
Pet form of English Adela, DEL means "noble." Also used as a short form of other longer names beginning with Del-.
TUPLE VERSIONING
TUPLE VERSIONING
TUPLE VERSIONING
TUPLE VERSIONING
TUPLE VERSIONING
n.
In plate armor, a suspended plate in from of the thigh. See Illust. of Tasses.
n.
An arrangement of lace or tulle, looped ornamentally, and worn by women on the front of the dress.
a.
Double.
n.
A kind of silk lace or light netting, used for veils, etc.
n.
A large bulrush (Scirpus lacustris, and S. Tatora) growing abundantly on overflowed land in California and elsewhere.