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Class of enzymes
Tryptophan synthase or tryptophan synthetase is an enzyme (EC 4.2.1.20) that catalyzes the final two steps in the biosynthesis of tryptophan. It is commonly
Tryptophan_synthase
Chemical compound
step, tryptophan synthase catalyzes the formation of tryptophan from indole and the amino acid serine. The industrial production of tryptophan is also
Tryptophan
Tryptophan synthase (indole-salvaging) (EC 4.2.1.122, tryptophan synthase beta2) is an enzyme with systematic name L-serine hydro-lyase (adding indole
Tryptophan synthase (indole-salvaging)
Tryptophan_synthase_(indole-salvaging)
American biochemist
on the structure and function of enzymes, especially her work on tryptophan synthase. Miles received her B.A. from the University of Texas at Austin in
Edith_Wilson_Miles
Class of enzymes
dimethylallylpyrophosphate:tryptophan dimethylallyl transferase, DMAT synthetase, and 4-(gamma,gamma-dimethylallyl)tryptophan synthase. Lee SL, Floss HG, Heinstein
Tryptophan dimethylallyltransferase
Tryptophan_dimethylallyltransferase
Enzyme that catalyses a synthesis process
ATP synthase Citrate synthase Tryptophan synthase Pseudouridine synthase Fatty acid synthase Cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) Cellulose synthase (GDP-forming)
Synthase
Values of chemical properties
Utani and his coworkers substituted 19 amino acids at Trp49 of the tryptophan synthase and he measured the free energy of unfolding. They found that the
Hydrophobicity_scales
Medical condition
Dunn MF, Niks D, Ngo H, Barends TR, Schlichting I (June 2008). "Tryptophan synthase: the workings of a channeling nanomachine". Trends in Biochemical
Hypertryptophanemia
Enzyme
L-Tryptophan decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.105) is an enzyme distinguished by the substrate L-tryptophan. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of L-tryptophan to
L-Tryptophan_decarboxylase
Class of enzymes
also known as the tryptophan synthase family. Though threonine ammonia-lyase does not possess substrate tunneling like tryptophan synthase does, it contains
Threonine_ammonia-lyase
German biochemist (born 1968)
the University of California at Riverside. Here she studied the tryptophan synthase bienzyme complex under the supervision of Michael Dunn. She completed
Eilika_Weber-Ban
Class of enzymes
7-dimethylallyltryptophan synthase (EC 2.5.1.80, 7-DMATS) is an enzyme with systematic name dimethylallyl-diphosphate:L-tryptophan 7-dimethylallyltransferase
7-Dimethylallyltryptophan synthase
7-Dimethylallyltryptophan_synthase
Chemical compound
It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of tryptophan, where it stays inside the tryptophan synthase molecule between the removal of 3-phospho-glyceraldehyde
Indole
Chemical compound
interacts with the alpha-subunit of tryptophan synthase (TSA) to yield indole. The beta-subunit of tryptophan synthase (TSB) catalyzes condensation of indole
Camptothecin
Mechanism in enzymes
protein and the substrate moving through the tunnel; this is seen in tryptophan synthase. A third possibility is by a charged region on the surface of the
Metabolite_channeling
American geneticist (1909–1975)
S2CID 2602864. Yanofsky, C (February 2005). "The favorable features of tryptophan synthase for proving Beadle and Tatum's one gene-one enzyme hypothesis". Genetics
Edward_Tatum
Active form of vitamin B6
Fold Type I — aspartate aminotransferase family Fold Type II — tryptophan synthase family Fold Type III — alanine racemase family (TIM-barrel) Fold
Pyridoxal_phosphate
American chemist
Mycobacterium tuberculosis through allosteric inhibition of its tryptophan synthase. High throughput screens further uncovered compounds that inhibit
Stuart_Schreiber
Enzyme produced by plants and microorganisms
glyphosate inhibition. EPSP synthase participates in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan via the shikimate pathway
EPSP_synthase
(EC 4.1.2.13) Category:EC 4.2.1 Carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1) Tryptophan synthase (EC 4.2.1.20) Category:EC 4.3.1 Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4
List_of_enzymes
British Biochemist
Michael F.; Micklefield, Jason (16 February 2017). "An Engineered Tryptophan Synthase Opens New Enzymatic Pathways to β-Methyltryptophan and Derivatives"
Jason_Micklefield
4.1.1.105: L-tryptophan decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.106: fatty acid photodecarboxylase EC 4.1.1.107: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase EC 4.1.1.108:
List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_4)
Associate professor of chemistry
Schiff base and quinonoidal intermediates with Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase. May 1989, Biochemistry. Dallas L. Rabenstein, Anvarhusein A. Isab
Webe_Kadima
Biosynthetic pathway
and plants for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine). This pathway is not found in mammals. The
Shikimate_pathway
Operon that codes for the components for production of tryptophan
bacteria. The operon is regulated so that, when tryptophan is present in the environment, the genes for tryptophan synthesis are repressed. The trp operon contains
Trp_operon
Class of enzymes
The enzyme indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase (IGPS) (EC 4.1.1.48) catalyzes the chemical reaction 1-(2-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy-D-ribulose 5-phosphate
Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase
Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate_synthase
Anthranilate synthase creates anthranilate, an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of indole, and by extension, the amino acid tryptophan. Tryptophan can
Anthranilate_synthase
Set of biochemical processes
that it wants to repress. Tryptophan biosynthesis involves conversion of chorismate to anthranilate using anthranilate synthase. This enzyme requires either
Amino_acid_synthesis
Class of enzymes
tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Aromatic amino acids are necessary for protein synthesis. Without a functioning DAHP synthase, the cell will not have
DAHP_synthase
Chemical compound
for: The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine Indole, indole derivatives and tryptophan 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) used for enterobactin
Chorismic_acid
reveals that the BX1 protein is a homologue to the alpha-subunit of tryptophan synthase. The reference mutant allele has a deletion of about 900 bp, located
Bx1_benzoxazin1
French biophysicist
1966, and eventually finished his Ph.D. in 1967 with a thesis on tryptophan synthase. After graduation, Goldberg assumed a research fellow position at
Michel_E._Goldberg
American geneticist (1925–2018)
PMID 17601995 Yanofsky, Charles (2005), "The Favorable Features of Tryptophan Synthase for Proving Beadle and Tatum's One Gene–One Enzyme Hypothesis", Genetics
Charles_Yanofsky
Chemical compound
hydroxylases. Tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) for the conversion of L-tryptophan (TRP) to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). Phenylalanine
Tetrahydrobiopterin
Type of organic compounds
in an enzyme active site: the indoline quinonoid intermediate in tryptophan synthase". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 133 (1): 4–7. doi:10
Histamine_liberators
Prediction by observation and computation
and trpB genes in Escherichia coli encode the two subunits of the tryptophan synthase enzyme known to interact to catalyze a single reaction. The adjacency
Protein–protein interaction prediction
Protein–protein_interaction_prediction
Use of bioinformatic methods to correlate proteins with biofunctions
infer function. Here, products of the bacterial trp genes coding for tryptophan synthase are shown to interact with themselves and other, related proteins
Protein_function_prediction
Protein family
This enzyme participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Chorismate synthase catalyzes the last of the seven steps in the shikimate
Chorismate_synthase
French microbiologist (1920-2001)
in 1953, helped discover what represses the ability of tryptophan to produce tryptophan synthase. She started researching alphaproteobacteria and cyanobacteria
Germaine_Cohen-Bazire
Class of enzymes
common use include tryptophan synthase alpha, TSA, indoleglycerolphosphate aldolase, indole glycerol phosphate hydrolase, indole synthase, indole-3-glycerolphosphate
Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate lyase
Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate_lyase
aminodeoxychorismate synthase may have evolved from anthranilate synthase (TrpE) - an enzyme that catalyses the production of an intermediate on the path to tryptophan. Enzymes
Aminodeoxychorismate_synthase
American biochemist
including the first biochemical demonstration of a missing enzyme (tryptophan synthase) from a metabolically deficient Neurospora mutant. This finding was
Herschel_K._Mitchell
Class of enzymes
ribonucleic synthetase, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthase, tryptophan translase, and TrpRS. This enzyme participates in tryptophan metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
Tryptophan–tRNA_ligase
Amino acid having an aromatic ring
aromatic ring. Among the 20 standard amino acids, histidine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, are classified as aromatic. Aromatic amino acids, excepting
Aromatic_amino_acid
Genus of fungi
identified in epichloae and include dmaW, encoding dimethylallyl-tryptophan synthase and lpsA, a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase. Another group of epichloë
Epichloë
Medical condition
is caused by defects in the degradation of the amino acids lysine and tryptophan. It is classified as an organic aciduria. The condition leads to the accumulation
Alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-ketoadipic aciduria
Alpha-aminoadipic_and_alpha-ketoadipic_aciduria
Medical condition
unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan. Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (glutaric acid
Glutaric_aciduria_type_1
300.650 – propanediol dehydratase MeSH D08.811.520.241.300.850 – tryptophan synthase MeSH D08.811.520.241.300.900 – urocanate hydratase MeSH D08.811.520
List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)
Class of enzymes
et al. (July 1998). "Effects of over-expression of strictosidine synthase and tryptophan decarboxylase on alkaloid production by cell cultures of Catharanthus
Strictosidine_synthase
Enzyme
Acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS), not to be confused with acetyl-CoA synthetase or acetate-CoA ligase (ADP forming), is a nickel-containing enzyme involved in
CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase
CO-methylating_acetyl-CoA_synthase
Chemical compound
3-deoxyarabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate, a 7-carbon ulonic acid, by the enzyme DHQ synthase. The mechanism of ring closure is complex, but involves an aldol condensation
3-Dehydroquinic_acid
Protein family
The enzyme holocytochrome-c synthase (EC 4.4.1.17) catalyzes the chemical reaction holocytochrome c ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } apocytochrome
Holocytochrome-c_synthase
Dicarboxylic acid with pyridine backbone
downstream product of the kynurenine pathway, which metabolizes the amino acid tryptophan. It acts as an NMDA receptor agonist. Quinolinic acid has a potent neurotoxic
Quinolinic_acid
Chemical compound
DNA and RNA. The vitamins thiamine and cobalamin, and the amino acid tryptophan also contain fragments derived from PRPP. It is formed from ribose 5-phosphate
Phosphoribosyl_pyrophosphate
Sulfur-containing amino acid
amino acids encoded by a single codon (AUG) in the standard genetic code (tryptophan, encoded by UGG, is the other). In reflection to the evolutionary origin
Methionine
Enzyme involved in tryptophan synthesis
"Phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase and indoleglycerol-phosphate synthase: Tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes from Thermotoga maritima". Hyperthermophilic
Phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase
Phosphoribosylanthranilate_isomerase
Enzyme
The enzyme 3-dehydroquinate synthase (EC 4.2.3.4) catalyzes the chemical reaction [[3-deoxy-D-arabino-hept-2-ulosonate 7-phosphate]] ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
3-dehydroquinate_synthase
Chemical compound
indole pathway, where tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) catalyzes the formation of tryptamine from tryptophan. Strictosidine synthase (STR) then catalyzes
Ajmalicine
Chemical compound
six methylmalonyl CoAs and one malonyl CoA by polyketide synthases (type I PKSs). L-Tryptophan is introduced by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)
Codinaeopsin
Chemical compound
(phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan). This pathway is not found in animals; therefore, phenylalanine and tryptophan are essential nutrients and must
Shikimic_acid
Amino acid with a branched carbon chain
compete with tryptophan for binding to albumin. Lower FFA levels increase albumin-bound tryptophan, thereby decreasing free tryptophan entry into the
Branched-chain_amino_acid
Now EC 1.14.19.62 secologanin synthase EC 1.3.3.10: tryptophan a,b-oxidase EC 1.3.3.11: pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase EC 1.3.3.12: l-galactonolactone
List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)
Chemical compound
of these has its synthesis regulated from tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, respectively. These isoenzymes all have the ability to help regulate
3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate
3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic_acid_7-phosphate
Chemical compound
roles of both tryptophan and D-glutamate as precursor substrates, and strain mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that a phenoxazinone synthase enzyme might
Dactinomycin
Chemical compound
may then be metabolized into the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine) and other aromatic compounds. The first step is when phosphoenolpyruvate
Phosphoenolpyruvic_acid
Amino acids required in diet since they can not be synthesized in body
synthesize are valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, and lysine. Six other amino acids are considered
Essential_amino_acid
Chemical compound
anthranilic acid which requires 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismate synthase (TomD) and anthraniliate synthase (TomP). Since the K. oxytoca genome lacks an annotated
Tilivalline
maintained by Andrew McDonald. EC 6.1.1.1: tyrosine—tRNA ligase EC 6.1.1.2: tryptophan—tRNA ligase EC 6.1.1.3: threonine—tRNA ligase EC 6.1.1.4: leucine—tRNA
List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_6)
Mitochondrial protein-coding gene whose product is involved in ATP synthesis
with the full name 'mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase membrane subunit 6' that encodes the ATP synthase Fo subunit 6 (or subunit/chain A). This subunit
MT-ATP6
Chemical compound
the reaction of 7-chloro-L-tryptophan with oxygen catalysed by 7-chloro-L-tryptophan oxidase (RebO): 7-chloro-L-tryptophan O2 H2O2 O2 H2O2
Rebeccamycin
Chemical compound
pathway. Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) remodels tryptophan into tryptamine. Strictosidine synthase (STR), uses a Pictet–Spengler reaction to form strictosidine
Ajmaline
Chemical compound
the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. It is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Crotonyl-CoA
Crotonyl-CoA
American plant pathologist
first scientists to discover the enzymes and biochemical mechanisms for tryptophan synthesis. Delmer became president of the American Society of Plant Biologists
Deborah_Delmer
Chemical compound
pathway involves several different enzymes. FtmA is a nonribosomal peptide synthase. Both FtmB and FtmH are prenyltransferase. Three different cytochrome P450
Fumitremorgin
Mitochondrial protein-coding gene whose product is involved in ATP synthesis
'mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase membrane subunit 8' that encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase, ATP synthase Fo subunit 8 (or subunit A6L)
MT-ATP8
Class of enzymes
glycoproteins. Mannosyl groups may be transferred to tryptophan to generate C-mannosyl tryptophan, which is relatively abundant in eukaryotes. Transferases
Glycosyltransferase
Monoamine neurotransmitter
surrounding tissue. Biochemically, serotonin is an indoleamine synthesized from tryptophan and metabolized primarily in the liver to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
Serotonin
Drimentine G and its biosynthesis
specific two amino acids, known as tryptophan and valine. They will first be attached to tRNA using specific tRNA synthase, and then can interact with each
Drimentine_G
Protein family
biosynthesis TsrT - tryptophan 2-C-methyltransferase (amino acid modification - antibiotic biosynthesis) TYW1 - 4-demethylwyosine synthase (tRNA modification)
Radical_SAM_enzymes
Chemical compound
4-dimethylallyltryptophan synthase) named FgaPT2 in Aspergillus fumigatus. An X-ray structure of the prenyltransferase FgaPT2 and tryptophan has been reported
Ergocryptine
Chemical reaction including condensation
asymmetric Pictet–Spengler reactions. Tryptophans: diastereocontrolled reaction The reaction of enantiopure tryptophan or its short-chain alkylesters leads
Pictet–Spengler_reaction
Chemical compound
(folate) and B12 (cobalamin), which drive the MTR (methionine synthase) and MTRR (methionine synthase reductase) enzymes. The other pathway uses TMG (trimethylglycine)
Homocysteine
Class of enzymes
Jasmine Montenegro; Blommaert, Naomi (2022-03-09). "Tryptophan depletion results in tryptophan-to-phenylalanine substitutants". Nature. 603 (7902): 721–727
Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase
Chemical compound
biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. It is used in the first step of the shikimate pathway. At this stage
Erythrose_4-phosphate
Chemical compound
non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) LtxA protein condenses L-methyl-valine and L-tryptophan to form the linear dipeptide N-methyl-L-valyl-L-tryptophan. The latter
Lyngbyatoxin-a
Gene which maintains basic cellular functions
Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, beta polypeptide YWHAH Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation
Housekeeping_gene
Chemical compound
accumulation of either a derivative of tryptophan or tryptophan itself in the extracellular space, possibly by increasing tryptophan transport across the blood–brain
Γ-Hydroxybutyric_acid
Systemic herbicide and crop desiccant
points. It inhibits EPSP synthase, a plant enzyme involved in the synthesis of three aromatic amino acids: tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine. It is
Glyphosate
Class of enzyme
mutase, also known as hydroxyphenylpyruvate synthase, participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. The structures of chorismate
Chorismate_mutase
Metabolic pathways to build molecules
combined with the 3-phosphoglycerate-derivative erythrose 4-phosphate, forms tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine; and pyruvate is a precursor for alanine
Anabolism
Class of enzymes
DAHP synthase, 3-dehydroquinate synthase, 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, and shikimate dehydrogenase, and the two that follow it are EPSP synthase and chorismate
Shikimate_kinase
acid (vitamin C) Asparagine Aspartic acid Asymmetric dimethylarginine ATP synthase Atrial-natriuretic peptide (ANP) Auxin Avidin Azadirachtin A – C35H44O16
List_of_biomolecules
Irreversible reaction step at the branch points of biochemical pathways
synthase catalyses the first committed step of the shikimate pathway responsible for the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids Tyrosine, Tryptophan and
Committed_step
Chemical compound
with low niacin status because it interferes with the conversion of L-tryptophan to niacin. Leucine at a dose exceeding 500 mg/kg/d was observed with hyperammonemia
Leucine
Enzyme involved in amino acid biosynthesis
and a proton. This enzyme participates in phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Shikimate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes one
Shikimate_dehydrogenase
Chemical compound
arginine, catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase. Citrulline can be derived from: from arginine via nitric oxide synthase, as a byproduct of the production
Citrulline
Chinese agronomist, Vice Minister of Agriculture (born 1956)
thaliana trp5 mutant has a feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase and elevated soluble tryptophan". Plant Physiology. 110 (1): 51–9. doi:10.1104/pp.110.1
Li_Jiayang
tyramine N-feruloyltransferase EC 2.3.1.111: mycocerosate synthase EC 2.3.1.112: D-tryptophan N-malonyltransferase EC 2.3.1.113: anthranilate N-malonyltransferase
List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)
Vitamin, dietary supplement, and yellow food dye
carbohydrates, protein and fats. FAD contributes to the conversion of tryptophan to niacin (vitamin B3) and the conversion of vitamin B6 to the coenzyme
Riboflavin
Chemical compound
anthranilate synthase (AS) is composed of two subunits that modulate the production or suppression of tryptophan from chorismate. Tryptophan is then decarboxylated
N-Feruloylserotonin
TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE
TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE
TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE
TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE
Boy/Male
Irish
Guards; guardian.
Girl/Female
Native American
Rich.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Blissful
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu
Beautiful
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Hidden; Covered; Screened; Feminine of Mahjoob
Girl/Female
Australian, Hebrew, Jewish
A Bee; Prophetess; Form of Deborah
Male
Native American
Native American Navajo name TSE means "rock."
Male
English
Forest Dweller
Girl/Female
American, Australian
People; Sweet; Palm Tree; Spice; Child of the People; Similar to Ta and Tamika
Boy/Male
Tamil
TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE
TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE
TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE
TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE
TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE