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Absence of belief in the existence of deities; the opposite of theism
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities
Atheism
21st-century antitheist movement
New Atheism or Neo-Atheism, sometimes referred to as scientific atheism, is a 21st-century movement attributed to some atheist academics, writers, scientists
New_Atheism
Position combining atheism and agnosticism
Agnostic atheism, also called atheistic agnosticism, is a position combining atheism with agnosticism. In this usage, an agnostic atheist does not believe
Agnostic_atheism
Official promotion of atheism by a government
State atheism is the incorporation of hard atheism or non-theism into political regimes. It is considered the opposite of theocracy and may also refer
State_atheism
Religious philosophy
Practical atheism is the view that one should live life without concern about a god, without rejecting or accepting claims about god(s). Practical atheism has
Practical_atheism
Atheism practiced by ethnic and cultural Jews
Jewish atheism is the atheism of people who follow the ethnic and cultural construct of Jewishness. "Jewish atheism" is not a contradiction because Jewish
Jewish_atheism
Atheism is the rejection of an assertion that a deity exists. In a narrower sense, positive atheism is the position that there are absolutely no deities
History_of_atheism
Accurate demographics of atheism are difficult to obtain since conceptions of atheism vary considerably across different cultures and languages, ranging
Demographics_of_atheism
British documentary television programme (2006)
The Trouble with Atheism is an hour-long documentary on atheism, presented by Rod Liddle. It was broadcast on Channel 4 in Britain in December 2006. The
The_Trouble_with_Atheism
Antireligious element of Marxism–Leninism
Marxist–Leninist atheism, also known as Marxist–Leninist scientific atheism, is the antireligious element of Marxism–Leninism. Based on a dialectical-materialist
Marxist–Leninist_atheism
Doubt about God's existence
Agnosticism contrasts with theism, which affirms God's existence, and atheism, which denies it. It is understood either as a neutral middle ground between
Agnosticism
Criticism of the concepts, validity and impact of atheism
Criticism of atheism is criticism of the concepts, validity, or impact of atheism, including associated political and social implications. Criticisms include
Criticism_of_atheism
Form of Christianity rejecting God
Christian atheism embraces the teachings, narratives, symbols, practices, or communities associated with Christianity without accepting the existence
Christian_atheism
Absence, indifference to, rejection of or hostility towards religion
drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including atheism, agnosticism, religious skepticism, rationalism, secularism, and non-religious
Irreligion
1811 essay on atheism by Percy Bysshe Shelley
"The Necessity of Atheism" is an essay on atheism by the English Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, printed in 1811 by Charles and William Phillips in
The_Necessity_of_Atheism
Discrimination based on lack of religious belief
against atheists, sometimes called atheophobia, atheistophobia, or anti-atheism, both at present and historically, includes persecution of and discrimination
Discrimination against atheists
Discrimination_against_atheists
Types of atheism
Negative atheism, also called weak atheism and soft atheism, is any type of atheism where a person does not believe in the existence of any deities but
Negative_and_positive_atheism
Topics referred to by the same term
Scientific atheism may refer to: Marxist–Leninist atheism, a communist doctrine and philosophical science formerly promoted in the Eastern Bloc New Atheism, a
Scientific_atheism
Atheism in Hinduism
Hindu atheism or Hindu non-theism, which is known as Nirīśvaravāda (Sanskrit: Sanskrit: निरीश्वर्वाद, romanized: nirīśvarvāda, lit. 'Argument against
Hindu_atheism
Types of atheism
Implicit atheism and explicit atheism are types of atheism. In George H. Smith's Atheism: The Case Against God, "implicit atheism" is defined as "the absence
Implicit_and_explicit_atheism
Scientific Atheism (Russian: Институт Научного Атеизма) was a research organization founded in 1964 in Moscow for the coordination of research in atheism conducted
Institute of Scientific Atheism
Institute_of_Scientific_Atheism
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities. In a narrower sense, atheism is simply the absence of belief that
Lists_of_atheists
the argument that atheism is a religion has been described as a contradiction in terms. Jewish atheism usually refers to the atheism of people who are
Atheism_and_religion
1952 book by Jacques Maritain
contains a study of Atheism, titled "The Meaning of Contemporary Atheism", which has had a considerable impact on Catholic views of Atheism. In this essay
The_Range_of_Reason
Significant German cultural history event
The atheism dispute (German: Atheismusstreit) was an event in German cultural history that lasted between 1798 and 1800 and had an effect on the German
Atheism_dispute
Overview of and topical guide to atheism
overview of and topical guide to atheism: Atheism – Philosophical theories characterised by absence of belief in deities. Atheism can be described as all of
Outline_of_atheism
Dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and dictator who led the Kingdom of Italy as a fascist
Benito_Mussolini
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953
Joseph Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; 18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who ruled the Soviet Union
Joseph_Stalin
1968 book by Ernst Bloch
Atheism in Christianity: The Religion of the Exodus and the Kingdom (German: Atheismus im Christentum: Zur Religion des Exodus und des Reichs) is a 1968
Atheism_in_Christianity
British journalist (1960–2026)
television programmes, including The New Fundamentalists, The Trouble with Atheism, and Immigration Is A Time Bomb. Roderick Edwin Liddle was born on 1 April
Rod_Liddle
Usenet newsgroup that discusses atheism
alt.atheism is a Usenet newsgroup within the alt.* hierarchy that discusses atheism. The group was originally created on February 6, 1990, by a member
Alt.atheism
Turkish non-profit organisation
Ateizm Derneği (English: Association of Atheism) is a Turkish non-profit organisation that describes itself as a freethinker association founded on 16
Association_of_Atheism
2004 book by Alister McGrath
The Twilight of Atheism: The Rise and Fall of Disbelief in the Modern World is a book by Christian theologian and apologist Alister McGrath which traces
The_Twilight_of_Atheism
Apathy toward the existence or non-existence of God
god or gods. Practical atheism does not see the god questions as irrelevant, in contrast to apatheism. Thus, "practical atheism is disregard for the answers
Apatheism
2015 book by Stephen LeDrew
The Evolution of Atheism: The Politics of a Modern Movement is a 2015 book by Stephen LeDrew, adapted from his PhD dissertation. Though an atheist, LeDrew
The_Evolution_of_Atheism
British evolutionary biologist and author (born 1941)
Harris, he is known as one of the "Four Horsemen of New Atheism". He made the case for atheism in The God Delusion (2006), which The Sunday Times described
Richard_Dawkins
2004 film series by Richard Denton
The Atheism Tapes is a 2004 BBC television documentary series presented by Jonathan Miller. The material that makes up the series was originally filmed
The_Atheism_Tapes
future implanting of religious belief, with the goal of establishing state atheism (gosateizm). However, the main religions of pre-revolutionary Russia persisted
Religion_in_the_Soviet_Union
Philosophical work by Tommaso Campanella
Atheism Conquered (Latin: Atheismus Triumphatus) is a philosophical work by the Italian Dominican philosopher Tommaso Campanella. Campanella wrote Atheism
Atheism_Conquered
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
Hongjun Laozu Schools Acosmism Agnosticism Animism Antireligion Apatheism Atheism Creationism Dharmism Deism Divine command theory Dualism Esotericism Elite
Islam
Opposition to theism, and usually to religion
Naturalism (philosophy) Negative and positive atheism New Atheism Post-theism Secular humanism Cline, Austin. "Atheism and anti-theism: What's the difference
Antitheism
Heuristic for rejecting claims made without evidence
reject religious belief and to support atheism, applying the razor to atheism itself would seem to imply that atheism is epistemically unjustified. According
Hitchens's_razor
American and British internet personality (born 1986)
Emory Andrew Tate III (born 1 December 1986) is an American and British social media personality and former professional kickboxer who built a webcam pornography
Andrew_Tate
Archipelagic country in Southeast Asia
Stephen; Ruse, Michael, eds. (November 21, 2013). The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 563. ISBN 978-0-19-166739-8
Philippines
Variant of nontheism
previous stage of human development and, thus, a division of theism vs. atheism is obsolete. It is a variant of nontheism. The term appears in liberal
Post-theism
2006 book by Richard Dawkins
make people cringe. Atheists should be proud, not apologetic, because atheism is evidence of a healthy, independent mind. Chapter one, "A deeply religious
The_God_Delusion
(1.20%) Undeclared (30.1%) Irreligion in the Czech Republic pertains to atheism, agnosticism, and lack of religious affiliation in the Czech Republic.
Irreligion in the Czech Republic
Irreligion_in_the_Czech_Republic
American singer and actor (1915–1998)
Francis Albert Sinatra (/sɪˈnɑːtrə/; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, conductor, and actor. Nicknamed the "Chairman of the Board"
Frank_Sinatra
English analytic and evidentialist philosopher (1923–2010)
For much of his career Flew was an advocate of atheism, claiming that one should presuppose atheism until empirical evidence suggesting the existence
Antony_Flew
American atheist organization
The American Association for the Advancement of Atheism (AAAA – 4A) was an atheistic and antireligious organization established in 1925. It was founded
American Association for the Advancement of Atheism
American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Atheism
Atheism experienced by black people outside of Africa
Atheism in the African diaspora is atheism as it is experienced by black people outside of Africa. In the United States, black people are less likely than
Atheism in the African diaspora
Atheism_in_the_African_diaspora
American basketball player and activist (born 1992)
Enes Kanter Freedom (Turkish pronunciation: [eˈnes kanˈtæɾ fɾiˈdom]; born Enes Kanter; May 20, 1992) is a Turkish and American human rights activist and
Enes_Kanter_Freedom
Orthodox cathedral in Saint Petersburg, Russia
it reopened as the pro-Marxist "Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism". or, as one contemporary writer put it, "Leningrad's largest antireligious
Kazan Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
Kazan_Cathedral,_Saint_Petersburg
Most populous city in California, US
world. The first Buddhist joss house was founded in the city in 1875. Atheism and other secular beliefs are also common, as the city is the largest in
Los_Angeles
Jewish nationalist movement
Age Expulsion from Spain Modern era Haskalah Sabbateans Hasidism Jewish atheism Emancipation Old Yishuv Zionism Soviet Union The Holocaust State of Israel
Zionism
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and
Vladimir_Lenin
Absence of espoused belief in a God or gods
describe apathy or silence towards the subject of gods and differs from atheism, or active disbelief in any gods. It has been used as an umbrella term
Nontheism
Irreligion, which may include deism, agnosticism, ignosticism, anti-religion, atheism, skepticism, ietsism, spiritual but not religious, freethought, anti-theism
List of countries by irreligion
List_of_countries_by_irreligion
English polymath (1819–1900)
the influence of Ruskin's concept of theoria, see Peter Fuller. Modern Atheism: Ruskin applied this label to "the unfortunate persistence of the clerks
John_Ruskin
Chinese scholarly work
English: A History of Atheism in China, is a comprehensive scholarly work that systematically explores the history of atheism in Chinese thought. The
A_History_of_Atheism_in_China
This is a list of atheists. Living persons in this list are people whose atheism is relevant to their notable activities or public life, and who have publicly
List of atheists (miscellaneous)
List_of_atheists_(miscellaneous)
Philosophical question
that God does exist. Positive atheism (also called "strong atheism" and "hard atheism") is a proposed form of atheism that asserts that no deities exist
Existence_of_God
Religion in Montenegro (2023 census) Eastern Orthodoxy (71.1%) Catholicism (3.27%) Other Christians (0.57%) Islam (20.0%) No religion (2.69%) Other religions
Religion_in_Montenegro
Atheism, as defined by the entry in Diderot and d'Alembert's Encyclopédie, is "the opinion of those who deny the existence of a God in the world. The
Atheism during the Age of Enlightenment
Atheism_during_the_Age_of_Enlightenment
2010 book by Peter Hitchens
editions: How Atheism Led Me to Faith) is the fifth book by Peter Hitchens, first published in 2010. The book describes Hitchens's journey from atheism, far-left
The_Rage_Against_God
Eric Maisel (born 1947) is an American psychotherapist, teacher, coach, author and atheist. His books include Fearless Creating (1995), The Van Gogh Blues
Eric_Maisel
beliefs, and it actively encouraged the propagation of Marxist–Leninist atheism in the Soviet Union. However, most religions were never officially outlawed
Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union
Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Soviet_Union
Irreligion in Africa, also encompassing atheism in Africa as well as agnosticism, secular humanism and general secularism, has been estimated at over
Irreligion_in_Africa
recorded accounts of atheism in Italy was in the 1550s. 15th century Italy was prominently written about as a breeding ground for Atheism. During the Italian
Irreligion_in_Italy
the existence of God. Accurate demographics of atheism are difficult to obtain since conceptions of atheism and self-identification are context dependent
Atheism_in_the_United_States
American white supremacist hate group
ideologies Anglo-Saxonism Right-wing populism Homophobia Antisemitism Anti-atheism Anti-Catholicism Third Klan (1946/1950–present) Founded in Stone Mountain
Ku_Klux_Klan
Jewish diaspora of Central Europe
European languages Religion Judaism, Jewish secularism (including Jewish atheism) Related ethnic groups Sephardi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, other Jewish ethnic
Ashkenazi_Jews
Denis Cobell (born 1938) is a prominent UK secularist, humanist, republican and pacifist. He was President of the National Secular Society from 1997 to
Denis_Cobell
Irreligion in Latin America refers to various types of irreligion, including atheism, agnosticism, deism, secular humanism, secularism and non-religious. According
Irreligion_in_Latin_America
2003 book by Jennifer Michael Hecht
The End of the Soul: Scientific Modernity, Atheism, And Anthropology in France, 1876–1936 by Jennifer Michael Hecht was published in 2003 by Columbia
The_End_of_the_Soul
President of Russia from 1991 to 1999
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as President of Russia from 1991 to 1999. He
Boris_Yeltsin
1955–1975 war in Southeast Asia
nationalism by promoting spiritual values in opposition to communism's atheism; however, this approach inadvertently amplified religious consciousness
Vietnam_War
Leader of Libya from 1969 to 2011
imperialist and thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Marxist–Leninist atheism. In this respect, it was similar to the Three Worlds Theory developed by
Muammar_Gaddafi
Religious community
with parts". Statistics Canada. 26 October 2022. Zuckerman, Phil (2010), Atheism and Secularity: Issues, concepts, and definitions, Praeger, ISBN 9780313351815
Irreligion_in_Canada
English podcaster and YouTuber (born 1999)
philosophy on YouTube, most notably on the subjects of ethics, religion and atheism. Alex J. O'Connor was born on 27 March 1999. He grew up in Blackbird Leys
Alex_O'Connor
British politician and media personality (1947–2026)
Ann Noreen Widdecombe (4 October 1947 – c. 8 July 2026) was a British politician and media personality. As a member of the Conservative Party, she was
Ann_Widdecombe
Filipino non-profit atheist organization
The Philippine Atheism, Agnosticism, and Secularism Inc. (PATAS), formerly known as the Philippine Atheist and Agnostics Society, is a nonprofit organization
Philippine Atheism, Agnosticism, and Secularism
Philippine_Atheism,_Agnosticism,_and_Secularism
President of the United States from 1933 to 1945
In doing so, he pitted the Christian ideals of democracy against the atheism of National Socialism. There is controversy among historians about Roosevelt's
Franklin_D._Roosevelt
American atheist activist (born 1969)
religious claims, and that philosophical skepticism will lead to atheism. He sees atheism as a subset of skepticism, and he does not see why skepticism should
Matt_Dillahunty
1974 book by George H. Smith
Atheism: The Case Against God is a 1974 book by George H. Smith, in which the author argues against theism and for atheism. Smith says the purpose of the
Atheism:_The_Case_Against_God
Swedish actor (born 1951)
Stellan John Skarsgård (/ˈstɛlən ˈskɑːrsɡɔːrd/ STEL-un SKARS-gord, Swedish: [ˈstɛ̂lːan ˈskɑ̌ːʂɡoːɖ] ; born 13 June 1951) is a Swedish actor. He is known
Stellan_Skarsgård
American actress and activist (born 1937)
Jane Seymour Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is an American actress and activist. Fonda's work spans several genres and over seven decades of film and television
Jane_Fonda
Position that religion should not influence civic and state affairs
religion in any public sphere. Secularism may encapsulate anti-clericalism, atheism, agnosticism, naturalism, non-sectarianism, neutrality on topics of religion
Secularism
Adoption of a different religion or irreligion under duress
Under the doctrine of state atheism in the Soviet Union, there was a "government-sponsored program of forced conversion to atheism" conducted by communists
Forced_conversion
German philosopher (1844–1900)
Mysticism Naturalism Metaphysical Religious Humanistic Nondualism Nontheism Atheism Perennialism Possibilianism Religious skepticism Spiritualism Shamanism
Friedrich_Nietzsche
Supreme Leader of Iran since 2026
Politics of Iran Anarchism Liberalism Socialism Religious discrimination Atheism Baháʼís Christianity Sunni Islam Shia crescent Supreme Leader of Iran Conservatism
Mojtaba_Khamenei
Second-largest city in Russia
Other Orthodox 1.4% Other Christians 3.2% Islam 1.1% Spiritual but not religious 20.5% Atheism and irreligion 15.4% Other and undeclared 7.6%
Saint_Petersburg
of earliest open avowals of irreligion in England was The Necessity of Atheism, published by Percy Bysshe Shelley, then a young Oxford student in 1811
Irreligion in the United Kingdom
Irreligion_in_the_United_Kingdom
Novel by Mikhail Bulgakov, written 1928–1940
in several languages and editions. It satirizes Russian bureaucracy and atheism. The story concerns a visit by the devil and his entourage to the officially
The_Master_and_Margarita
Late Bronze Age Greek civilization
(Punk) Religion and lore Ancient religion (Origins, Modern Revival) Aerico Atheism Buddhism Catholicism Drosoulites Eastern Orthodox Church (Timeline: Antiquity
Mycenaean_Greece
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
the Russian Orthodox Church has experienced a great revival since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, a country that had a policy of state atheism.
Russia
Canadian professor and political activist
Daniel "Danny" Goldstick (born 1940) is a Canadian philosopher, writer and political activist. He is currently a Professor Emeritus at the University of
Dan_Goldstick
Cohort born from 1997 to 2012
and have become no more religious than men, breaking a historical norm. Atheism is more common among Generation Z than in prior generations. Adolescent
Generation_Z
government of the People's Republic of China adhering to the doctrine of state atheism. Successive Chinese polities since the Qing dynasty have conducted antireligious
Irreligion_in_China
Canadian federal court case
Church of Atheism of Central Canada v Canada (National Revenue) 2019 FCA 296 (CanLII) is a 2019 Federal Court of Appeal case in Canada. It was brought
Church of Atheism of Central Canada v Canada (National Revenue)
Church_of_Atheism_of_Central_Canada_v_Canada_(National_Revenue)
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