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Airflow above and below the speed of sound
Transonic (or transsonic) flow is air flowing around an object at a speed that generates regions of both subsonic and supersonic airflow around that object
Transonic
Aerodynamic concept
Whitcomb and also called the transonic area rule, is a design procedure used to reduce an aircraft's drag at transonic speeds which occur between about
Area_rule
Transonic Combustion Inc. is a Los Angeles-based cleantech company that is developing supercritical fuel injection systems that enable injection ignition
Transonic_Combustion
Sudden increase of undesirable effects when an aircraft approaches the speed of sound
the aircraft. When the aircraft speed is high enough, the tips reach transonic speeds. Shock waves form at the blade tips and sap the shaft power driving
Sound_barrier
Type of wind tunnell
Transonic wind tunnels, between Mach 0.75 and Mach 1.2 (920 and 1,500 km/h; 570 and 910 mph; 260 and 410 m/s), are designed on similar principles as subsonic
Subsonic and transonic wind tunnel
Subsonic_and_transonic_wind_tunnel
Condensation pattern in transonic flight
moving at high speed through moist air, such as an aircraft flying at transonic speeds. When the localized air pressure around the object drops, so does
Vapor_cone
Speed that exceeds the speed of sound
such as the ends of rotor blades, reach supersonic speeds are called transonic. This occurs typically somewhere between Mach 0.8 and Mach 1.2. Sounds
Supersonic_speed
Closed circuit wind tunnel of Research center Hampton
The National Transonic Facility (NTF), also known internally as facility 1236, is a high-pressure, cryogenic, closed-circuit wind tunnel at the Langley
National_Transonic_Facility
Plane wing that angles backwards or forwards
the other 25% of the way back from the leading edge for subsonic and transonic aircraft. Leading edge sweep is important because the leading edge has
Swept_wing
Speed that exceeds five times the speed of sound (Mach 5 and above)
refer to particular ranges of Mach values. When an aircraft approaches transonic speeds (around Mach 1), it enters a special regime. The usual approximations
Hypersonic_speed
1998 studio album by Whit Dickey
Transonic is the debut album by American jazz drummer Whit Dickey, recorded in 1997 and released on AUM Fidelity. For his first record as leader, Dickey
Transonic_(album)
Dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamic
categories:[citation needed] At transonic speeds, the flow field around the object includes both sub- and supersonic parts. The transonic period begins when first
Mach_number
US-Swedish advanced pilot training aircraft
known as the Boeing T-X (later Boeing–Saab T-X), is an American–Swedish transonic advanced jet trainer produced by Boeing with Saab. In September 2018,
Boeing–Saab_T-7_Red_Hawk
Aircraft research program
June 13, 2023. Graham Warwick (January 18, 2023). "NASA Picks Boeing's Transonic Truss-Based Wing For Sustainable X-Plane". Aviation Week. "Boeing producing
Boeing_Truss-Braced_Wing
Military training aircraft
The Leonardo M-346 Master is a family of military twin-engined, transonic, advanced jet trainers and light combat aircraft. Originally co-developed with
Leonardo_M-346
Aircraft that travels faster than the speed of sound
particular, aerodynamic drag rises sharply as the aircraft passes the transonic regime, requiring much greater engine power and more streamlined airframes
Supersonic_aircraft
Interactions among inertial, elastic, and aerodynamic forces
non-linear in the transonic regime, dominated by moving shock waves. Avoiding flutter is mission-critical for aircraft that fly through transonic Mach numbers
Aeroelasticity
Chinese Advanced trainer & light attack aircraft
Mountain Eagle (Chinese: 山鹰; pinyin: Shānyīng), is a family of two-seat transonic advanced jet trainer and light combat aircraft developed by the Guizhou
Guizhou_JL-9
Japanese electronics manufacturer
1987, following a partnership with Mitsubishi Electric), Tensai, and Transonic Strato in Western Europe.[citation needed] During the late 1960s, Akai
Akai
Taiwanese advanced jet trainer
The AIDC T-5 Brave Eagle (Chinese: 勇鷹; pinyin: Yǒngyīng) is a Taiwanese transonic advanced jet trainer aircraft developed by the Aerospace Industrial Development
AIDC_T-5_Brave_Eagle
Analysis and solving of problems that involve fluid flows
improves the accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows. Initial validation of such software is typically performed
Computational_fluid_dynamics
Fighter-bomber aircraft family, first transonic aircraft of the French Air Force
MD.454 Mystère IV is a 1950s French fighter-bomber aircraft, the first transonic aircraft to enter service with the French Air Force. It was used in large-scale
Dassault_Mystère_IV
Retarding force on a body moving in a fluid
at transonic speed often incur wave drag through the normal course of operation. In transonic flight, wave drag is commonly referred to as transonic compressibility
Drag_(physics)
Aircraft class powered by jet propulsion engines
at high speeds – either supersonic, or just below the speed of sound (transonic) in order to achieve efficient flight. They typically cruise around Mach 0
Jet_aircraft
Airfoil designed primarily to delay the onset of wave drag in the transonic speed range
an airfoil designed primarily to delay the onset of wave drag in the transonic speed range. Supercritical airfoils are characterized by their flattened
Supercritical_airfoil
Transonic wind tunnel using nitrogen as test gas
The European transonic wind tunnel (ETW) is a high-Reynolds-number transonic wind tunnel using nitrogen as the test gas. It is one of the world's largest
European Transonic Wind Tunnel
European_Transonic_Wind_Tunnel
Business jet
20 December 2018. The Global 7500 is a clean sheet design with a new transonic wing and is the first purpose built business jet featuring a four-zone
Bombardier_Global_7500
Experimental aircraft
wing design stabilized by diagonal bracing struts, which is known as a Transonic Truss-Braced Wing. The aircraft configuration was based on research studies
Boeing_X-66
Branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air
airfoils. Theodore von Kármán and Hugh Latimer Dryden introduced the term transonic to describe flow speeds between the critical Mach number and Mach 1 where
Aerodynamics
Prediction model used in Engineering
been demonstrated for a fluid-structure interaction problem and for a transonic airfoil. One issue with adjoint-based gradients in CFD is that they can
Gradient-enhanced_kriging
Triangle shaped aircraft wing configuration
related devices. With a large enough angle of rearward sweep, in the transonic to low supersonic speed range the wing's leading edge remains behind the
Delta_wing
The R.A.E. Vickers Transonic Research Rocket was developed from the Miles M.52, a British research supersonic aircraft a project which was undertaken
R.A.E. – Vickers Transonic Research Rocket
R.A.E._–_Vickers_Transonic_Research_Rocket
Military wind tunnel facility
holds three wind tunnels: the 16-foot transonic (16T), 16-foot supersonic (16S), and the aerodynamic 4-foot transonic (4T) tunnels. The facility is devoted
Propulsion Wind Tunnel Facility
Propulsion_Wind_Tunnel_Facility
Soviet jet fighter aircraft family
(Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-17; NATO reporting name: Fresco) is a transonic fighter aircraft that was produced in the Soviet Union from 1952 and was
Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17
Propagating disturbance
over a transonic body is decelerated to subsonic speeds. Examples: Transonic wings, turbines Where the flow over the suction side of a transonic wing is
Shock_wave
Prototype transonic attack aircraft
The Vought YA-7F "Strikefighter" is a prototype transonic attack aircraft based on the subsonic A-7 Corsair II. Two prototypes were converted from A-7Ds
Vought_YA-7F
US Air Force supersonic aircraft, 1964–1998
temperatures The engine was an afterburning turbojet for take-off and transonic flight (bleed bypass closed) and a low bypass augmented turbofan for supersonic
Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird
Classification scheme of jet fighters
into six generations up to that time, broadly described as subsonic, transonic, supersonic, Mach 2, multi-mission, and high-maneuverability. Other schemes
Jet_fighter_generations
is killed by Gaunt before he can reveal the truth of the ploy to Ben. Transonic (Laurie Tromette) is a character appearing in American comic books published
List of Marvel Comics characters: T
List_of_Marvel_Comics_characters:_T
Family of US fighter aircraft
The North American F-86 Sabre, sometimes called the Sabrejet, is a transonic, jet-powered fighter aircraft. Produced by North American Aviation, the Sabre
North_American_F-86_Sabre
Theoretical construct in flow physics
construct in flow physics, often incorrectly used to explain vapor cones in transonic flows. It is the prediction by the Prandtl–Glauert transformation that
Prandtl–Glauert_singularity
Behavior of projectiles in flight
(rifle) bullets enter the transonic region. According to Litz, "Extended Long Range starts whenever the bullet slows to its transonic range. As the bullet
External_ballistics
Soviet transonic bomber
The Il-54 was a transonic bomber developed in the USSR in the 1950s. Only two examples were built before the project was abandoned. The Council of Ministers
Ilyushin_Il-54
Soviet fighter aircraft
USAF/DoD designation: Type 14; NATO reporting name: Fagot) is a single-seat transonic jet fighter aircraft developed by Mikoyan-Gurevich for the Soviet Union
Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15
1950s family of British fighter aircraft
The Hawker Hunter is a transonic British jet-powered fighter aircraft that was developed by Hawker Aircraft for the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the late
Hawker_Hunter
Component of aerodynamic drag
aircraft wings and fuselage, propeller blade tips and projectiles moving at transonic and supersonic speeds, due to the presence of shock waves. Wave drag is
Wave_drag
NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, to view their transonic Ludwieg tube facilities. The idea was the build a smaller version of the
UTA Aerodynamics Research Center
UTA_Aerodynamics_Research_Center
NASA research facility in Virginia
inactive since 2004. Langley retained transonic wind tunnel testing capabilities facilities in the National Transonic Facility, a high pressure, cryogenically
Langley_Research_Center
Concept in aerodynamics
drag-divergence Mach number is typically greater than 0.6; therefore it is a transonic effect. The drag-divergence Mach number is usually close to, and always
Drag-divergence_Mach_number
January 2024. "Aircraft Research Association". Retrieved 26 January 2024. "Transonic Wind Tunnel Testing". www.ara.co.uk. Aircraft Research Association. Retrieved
List_of_wind_tunnels
paramount importance at speeds approaching the speed of sound. In these transonic speed ranges, compressibility causes a change in the density of the air
High-speed_flight
Streamlined body for generating lift
slowly shock the supersonic flow back to subsonic speeds. Generally such transonic airfoils and also the supersonic airfoils have a low camber to reduce
Airfoil
Concept high-subsonic jet airliner with delta wing-canard configuration
distinguished from conventional airliners by its delta wing and high-subsonic/transonic cruising speed of up to Mach 0.98. Boeing first proposed it in 2001, but
Boeing_Sonic_Cruiser
Experimental technology demonstrator
configuration was ultimately not pursued because it was mainly advantageous at transonic speeds while an aft-swept wing was superior at supersonic speeds. The
Sukhoi_Su-47
Cancelled military aircraft
Canadian Air Force (RCAF). Although intended to be capable of flying at transonic speeds, the CF-103 only offered a moderate increase in performance and
Avro_Canada_CF-103
Development program of American aircraft
included vulnerability of the fuel tank to fire and the propensity for transonic roll-off (TRO or "wing drop"). The possible obsolescence of stealth technology
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II development
Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_development
American stealth multirole fighter aircraft
predictions of wing pressure distributions on the F-35 at angles-of-attack for transonic maneuvres AIAA 2007 4433 Ryberg, Eric S. (26 February 2002). "The Influence
Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II
Aircraft propulsion component
subsonic airspeeds, generally below about 480 mph (770 km/h), although a transonic speed of Mach 1.01 was recorded in a dive by the McDonnell XF-88B experimental
Propeller_(aeronautics)
Upcoming rocket launch
shutdown Planned +09:28:52 Starship entry Planned +09:47:30 Starship is transonic Planned +09:48:07 Starship is subsonic Planned +09:50:11 Landing burn
Starship_flight_14
Concept in aerodynamics
Mach 1.06 and beyond, and the sound barrier was finally broken. Early transonic military aircraft, such as the Hawker Hunter and F-86 Sabre, were designed
Critical_Mach_number
American multi-role fighter aircraft
worthwhile tradeoff for an aircraft maneuvering primarily at subsonic and transonic speeds. There is a boom-style aerial refueling receptacle located behind
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon
Chinese sixth generation fighter aircraft
blended, diamond-like double delta wing configuration, optimized for transonic and supersonic flight. The wings have a leading-edge kink, resulting in
Chengdu_J-36
Study of the motion of gases
thermodynamics, gas dynamics arises from the studies of gas flows in transonic and supersonic flights. To distinguish itself from other sciences in fluid
Gas_kinetics
Index of articles associated with the same name
aircraft, later versions known as Falcon 200 Falcon 75 1968 project 2,000 km Transonic (Mach 1.2) swing-wing, powered by two Pratt & Whitney JT8Ds. Falcon 10/100
Dassault_Falcon_family
British aerospace engineer (1934–2026)
"Jameson's theorem". In 1970, Jameson began to concentrate on predicting transonic flow, and in 1972 he became a research scientist at the Courant Institute
Antony_Jameson
Canadian mathematician (1923–2017)
equations governing fluid flow, particularly those of mixed type occurring in transonic flow. She was professor emerita at the Courant Institute of Mathematical
Cathleen_Synge_Morawetz
German physicist (1875–1953)
subsonic aerodynamics in particular; and in general up to and including transonic velocities. His studies identified the boundary layer, thin-airfoils,
Ludwig_Prandtl
Jet engine
origin United Kingdom Designer Reaction Engines Limited Major applications Transonic passenger airliner Status Concept Developed from SABRE (rocket engine)
Reaction_Engines_Scimitar
X-Men: Legacy #238 (July 2010) Hope Summers Uncanny X-Men #526 (July 2010) Transonic Laurie Tromette Velocidad Gabriel Cohuelo Uncanny X-Men #527 (August 2010)
List_of_X-Men_members
USAF all-weather interceptor
YF-95 and widely known informally as the "Sabre Dog") is an American transonic jet interceptor. While the original North American F-86 Sabre was conceived
North_American_F-86D_Sabre
Civil series of the J79 turbojet aircraft engine
feature of the CJ805-23 was the transonic single stage fan. NACA had done significant research on multistage transonic compressors during the 1950s. Using
General_Electric_CJ805
Experimental supersonic aircraft
behavior in the transonic region (roughly 0.7 to 1.3 times the speed of sound). In correlation with data from other early transonic research aircraft
Douglas_D-558-2_Skyrocket
Cartridge for long-range sniper rifles
undesirable precession and yaw during the transonic flight phase. The main parameter for achieving stable transonic transition is controlling the drag coefficients
.408_Cheyenne_Tactical
British–French supersonic airliner
Concorde used reheat (afterburners) only at take-off and to pass through the transonic speed range, between Mach 0.95 and 1.7. Kinetic heating from the high
Concorde
Indian Small Turbofan engine
axial-flow compressor design with a single-stage turbine. The first stage is transonic. The engine is intended for target drones and other UAVs. In the late
HAL_PTAE-7
Swedish fighter aircraft
The Saab 32 Lansen (English: Lance) is a two-seat, transonic military aircraft designed and manufactured by the Swedish aircraft manufacturer Saab AB
Saab_32_Lansen
Aircraft propulsion system efficient at a range of speeds higher and lower than sound's
operate efficiently under mixed flight conditions, such as subsonic, transonic and supersonic. An advanced technology engine is a turbine engine that
Variable_cycle_engine
Geometry and construction of the foremost tip of airplanes, spacecraft and projectiles
doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.28694.36161. Stoney, William E. (February 5, 1954). "TRANSONIC DRAG MEASUREMENTS OF EIGHT BODY-NOSE SHAPES" (PDF). Naca Research Memorandum
Nose_cone_design
1950s British supersonic research aircraft
specialised aircraft for conducting investigations into flight and control at transonic and supersonic speeds. Features included a delta wing and a drooped nose
Fairey_Delta_2
Ratio of an aircraft's wing span to its mean chord
sweep desirable for transonic and supersonic flight. Thus a long span, valuable at low speeds, causes excessive drag at transonic and supersonic speeds
Aspect_ratio_(aeronautics)
Machine used for studying the effects of air moving around objects
26-foot (8 m) test section and airspeed up to Mach 1, it is the largest transonic wind tunnel facility in the world. Frank Wattendorf reported on this wind
Wind_tunnel
2000 studio album by Whit Dickey
Dickey expanded to a quartet consisting of the trio with whom he recorded Transonic, with the addition of guitarist Joe Morris. They played Eric Dolphy composition
Big_Top_(album)
Fully movable aircraft stabilizer
tail surfaces became interesting... when high Mach number theory and transonic wind-tunnel tests disclosed poor performance of ordinary flap-type controls
Stabilator
Aircraft component fixed to the end of the wings to improve performance
Gulfstream V model winglet flutter tests at NASA Langley transonic wind tunnel
Wingtip_device
United States historic place
missions, and several retired aircraft from the Second World War and the transonic and early supersonic jet propulsion period. A number of compartments contain
USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum
USS_Hornet_Sea,_Air_&_Space_Museum
Aerodynamic effect
speeds above Mach 0.65; the air flow over the wing center section became transonic, causing a loss of lift. The resultant change in downwash at the tail
Mach_tuck
British single-seat jet-propelled fighter aircraft
favour. An advanced derivative of the Swift that was to be capable of transonic speeds, the Supermarine 545, was also under development during the early
Supermarine_Swift
Eleventh launch of SpaceX Starship
relight demo Success +00:47:43 Starship entry Success +01:03:30 Starship is transonic —N/a +01:03:52 Starship is subsonic —N/a +01:05:58 Landing burn start
Starship_flight_test_11
high-altitude strategic bomber variant of the Tu-95, 1956 Tu-97: long-range transonic bomber project developed from the Tu-16 Tu-98 "Backfin" (also known as
List_of_Tupolev_aircraft
Pod attached to a plane's aerodynamic surface, to reduce wave drag at transonic speeds
on the upper surface of a wing to reduce wave drag while travelling at transonic speeds (Mach 0.8–1.0), which includes the typical cruising range of conventional
Anti-shock_body
Fighter aircraft in the French Navy
The Dassault Étendard IV is a transonic carrier-borne strike fighter aircraft developed and manufactured by French aerospace company Dassault Aviation
Dassault_Étendard_IV
Proposed supersonic business jet
research and development has gone into the management of the troublesome transonic effects phenomena associated with near Mach 1 air speeds. As of 2012,
Sukhoi-Gulfstream_S-21
Fourth launch of SpaceX Starship
Success +00:04:04 Hot-stage jettison Success +00:07:04 Super Heavy is transonic —N/a +00:07:09 Super Heavy landing burn startup Partial success 12 out
Starship_flight_test_4
1980s German stealth aircraft
aircraft. During 1985, wind tunnel testing of the design, including at transonic speeds commenced; two years later, a number of crewed 'flights' inside
MBB_Lampyridae
Predecessor to NASA (1915-1958)
Service Command awarded the Bell Aircraft a contract to develop three transonic and supersonic research aircraft under the project designation of MX-653
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics
Twin-aisle airliner family
design phase, the 787 underwent extensive wind tunnel testing at Boeing's Transonic Wind Tunnel, QinetiQ's five-meter wind tunnel at Farnborough, United Kingdom
Boeing_787_Dreamliner
Airplane wings capable of changing position to alter their geometry
most efficient for low-speed flight, but for an aircraft designed for transonic or supersonic flight it is essential that the wing be swept. Most aircraft
Variable-sweep_wing
Japanese underground musician
known for his psychedelic rock groups High Rise, Mainliner and Musica Transonic, and the ethnic improvisation unit Toho Sara. He has been active on the
Asahito_Nanjo
American aerospace engineer (1921–2005)
flight experiments at the Theoretical Aerodynamics Branch of the Subsonic-Transonic Aerodynamics Division at Langley. Her goal was to understand air flow
Mary_Jackson_(engineer)
Australian electronics company
partners with several producers of life sciences equipment, including Transonic Systems Inc., Radnoti Glass Technologies Inc., Panlab s.I. and Millar
ADInstruments
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