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Transonic Combustion Inc. is a Los Angeles-based cleantech company that is developing supercritical fuel injection systems that enable injection ignition
Transonic_Combustion
Jet engine where combustion takes place in supersonic airflow
A scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet) is a variant of a ramjet airbreathing jet engine in which combustion takes place in supersonic airflow. As in
Scramjet
Indian Small Turbofan engine
The engine core includes a four-stage transonic axial compressor, single-stage turbine, annular flow combustion chamber, and 16 fuel flow burners. The
HAL_PTAE-7
Analysis and solving of problems that involve fluid flows
improves the accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows. Initial validation of such software is typically performed
Computational_fluid_dynamics
Dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamic
categories:[citation needed] At transonic speeds, the flow field around the object includes both sub- and supersonic parts. The transonic period begins when first
Mach_number
Swiss-American automotive executive (born 1932)
for the Marine Military Academy in Harlingen, Texas. He joined the Transonic Combustion, Inc. board of directors on May 24, 2010.[citation needed] On August
Bob_Lutz_(businessman)
2024. "-EDITH- Institut de Combustion Aérothermique Réactivité et Environnement". Retrieved 26 January 2024. "European Transonic Windtunnel Test Section"
List_of_wind_tunnels
Turbojet engine component
An afterburner (or reheat in British English) is an additional combustion component used on some jet engines, mostly those on military supersonic aircraft
Afterburner
Propagating disturbance
over a transonic body is decelerated to subsonic speeds. Examples: Transonic wings, turbines Where the flow over the suction side of a transonic wing is
Shock_wave
US Air Force hypersonic aircraft concept
have an air-breathing propulsion system that could operate at subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic speeds. Turbojet engines can function from
Lockheed_Martin_SR-72
Streamlined body for generating lift
slowly shock the supersonic flow back to subsonic speeds. Generally such transonic airfoils and also the supersonic airfoils have a low camber to reduce
Airfoil
Experimental supersonic aircraft
behavior in the transonic region (roughly 0.7 to 1.3 times the speed of sound). In correlation with data from other early transonic research aircraft
Douglas_D-558-2_Skyrocket
The R.A.E. Vickers Transonic Research Rocket was developed from the Miles M.52, a British research supersonic aircraft a project which was undertaken
R.A.E. – Vickers Transonic Research Rocket
R.A.E._–_Vickers_Transonic_Research_Rocket
Turboshaft helicopter engine
high-pressure (HP) compressor, 6-stage transonic low-pressure (LP) compressor Combustors: Annular combustion chamber, 24 fuel nozzles, 2 igniters Turbine:
Lotarev_D-136
Powered aircraft with wings
short span but still enough area to provide lift (low aspect ratio). At transonic speeds (near the speed of sound), it helps to sweep the wing backwards
Airplane
Aircraft engine that produces thrust by emitting a jet of gas
internal combustion air-breathing jet engine such as a turbojet, turbofan, ramjet, pulse jet, or scramjet. In general, jet engines are internal combustion engines
Jet_engine
British engineer
master's of engineering and a doctorate. Her doctoral research considered transonic helicopter noise. In 2007, Morgans joined the faculty at Imperial College
Aimee_Morgans
Unmanned US experimental hypersonic aircraft, 1991-2000
B-52 carrier. The rocket experienced a control oscillation as it went transonic, eventually leading to the failure of the rocket's starboard elevon. This
NASA_X-43
Aircraft class powered by jet propulsion engines
at high speeds – either supersonic, or just below the speed of sound (transonic) in order to achieve efficient flight. They typically cruise around Mach 0
Jet_aircraft
Unmanned combat aerial vehicle
The engine core includes a four-stage transonic axial compressor, single-stage turbine, annular flow combustion chamber, and 16 fuel flow burners. The
HAL_CATS_Warrior
Brief description of components needed for jet engines
because every gas turbine engine needs one (it has 3 parts, compressor, combustion chamber and turbine). Early jet engines (turbojets) were just a gas generator
Components_of_jet_engines
Torricelli's equation — Trajectory — Trailing edge — Trans Lunar Injection — Transonic — Transverse wave — Tripropellant rocket — Tsiolkovsky rocket equation
Index of aerospace engineering articles
Index_of_aerospace_engineering_articles
Device that uses compressed air to fire projectiles
contrast to a firearm, which shoots projectiles using pressure generated via combustion of a chemical propellant, most often black powder in antique firearms
Air_gun
Soviet jet fighter aircraft family
(Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-17; NATO reporting name: Fresco) is a transonic fighter aircraft that was produced in the Soviet Union from 1952 and was
Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17
US Air Force supersonic aircraft, 1964–1998
temperatures The engine was an afterburning turbojet for take-off and transonic flight (bleed bypass closed) and a low bypass augmented turbofan for supersonic
Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird
1950s family of British fighter aircraft
The Hawker Hunter is a transonic British jet-powered fighter aircraft that was developed by Hawker Aircraft for the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the late
Hawker_Hunter
Explosive shockwave from firearm muzzle
bore and "plugs up" the pressurized gaseous products of the propellant combustion behind it, essentially containing the gases within a closed system as
Muzzle_blast
Research laboratory in Cambridge, England
for boundary layer ingestion, water ingestion, secondary air bleed and transonic flow. There are also many smaller rigs used for teaching, probe calibration
Whittle_Laboratory
American expendable launch system
tetroxide oxidizer. The first stage was powered by an LR87 engine (with two combustion chambers and nozzles, fed by separate sets of turbomachinery), and the
Titan_II_GLV
Soviet fighter aircraft
USAF/DoD designation: Type 14; NATO reporting name: Fagot) is a single-seat transonic jet fighter aircraft developed by Mikoyan-Gurevich for the Soviet Union
Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15
Family of US fighter aircraft
The North American F-86 Sabre, sometimes called the Sabrejet, is a transonic, jet-powered fighter aircraft. Produced by North American Aviation, the Sabre
North_American_F-86_Sabre
American four-engined jet airliner (1962–1987)
trailing edge of the wings, to increase the critical Mach by reducing transonic drag. The inboard shock bodies, which were larger, were also used for
Convair_990_Coronado
Chinese physicist (1917–1992)
artificial compressibility methods for solutions in two- and three-dimensional transonic flows. Wu's theories have been widely used in the designs of aircraft
Wu_Zhonghua
Tenth launch of SpaceX Starship
determined that this was caused by blocked engine chill lines and a subsequent combustion event. Despite this, and some burn-through at the inner trailing edge
Starship_flight_test_10
Type of jet engine
carrying it is increasing as a square law and has much extra drag in the transonic region. The highest fuel efficiency for the overall vehicle is thus typically
Airbreathing_jet_engine
Device that extracts energy from a fluid flow
Transonic turbine. The gas flow in most turbines employed in gas turbine engines remains subsonic throughout the expansion process. In a transonic turbine
Turbine
German rocket-powered interceptor
163 used, were found to have serious stability problems when entering transonic flight, like the similarly configured, and turbojet powered, Northrop
Messerschmitt_Me_163_Komet
Nozzle that converts the internal energy of a working gas into propulsive force
engine. Propelling nozzles accelerate the available gas to subsonic, transonic, or supersonic velocities depending on the power setting of the engine
Propelling_nozzle
First operational jet-powered fighter aircraft
believed the HG series of Me 262 derivatives was capable of reaching transonic Mach numbers in level flight, with the top speed of the HG III being projected
Messerschmitt_Me_262
Use of aircraft during the Second World War
to delay the onset of small shock waves and the accompanying drag at transonic speeds. Other German types delivered to front-line units in the last days
Aviation_in_World_War_II
Airbreathing jet engine designed to provide thrust by driving a fan
rearwards. Whereas all the air taken in by a turbojet passes through the combustion chamber and turbines, in a turbofan some of the air entering the nacelle
Turbofan
1942 British supersonic jet project
configuration of wing and control surfaces achieved Mach 1.38 in controlled transonic and supersonic level flight, a unique achievement at that time and which
Miles_M.52
Facet of ballistics and aeronautics
or less at low npr. Converging nozzle Generally used on subsonic and transonic jet aircraft where npr < 3. The engine exhaust is expanded through a converging
Thrust_vectoring
a design technique for airfoils used to reduce an aircraft's drag at transonic and supersonic speeds. Later it was independently developed again by Richard
List of Austrian inventors and discoverers
List_of_Austrian_inventors_and_discoverers
French national aerospace research centre
Modane-Avrieux, developing 88 MW of total power, is Europe's largest transonic wind tunnel (tests at Mach 0.05 to Mach 1). The Chairman and CEO of ONERA
ONERA
Electromagnetic projectile launcher
assessing the performance of the launcher, which was tested at the ARL Transonic Experimental Facility in Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The U.S. Army
Railgun
Nazi ballistic missile series
provided better lift at supersonic speeds and also solved the problem of transonic shift of the center of lift. Development was suspended in 1941, but in
Aggregat
Turboprop aircraft engine family
Republic XF-84H Thunderscreech turboprop powered fighter; the special transonic 3-bladed single propeller set up harmonics that proved to be harmful to
Allison_T40
1967 Swedish fighter aircraft family
lift. An added benefit was that they also improved roll stability in the transonic region. The canard flaps were deployed in conjunction with the landing
Saab_37_Viggen
Defunct British jet engine manufacturer
in level flight, when flown in a shallow dive it would be capable of transonic flight. In order to get the M.52 to achieve supersonic speeds, further
Power_Jets
Partially-reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle by Blue Origin
completed in September 2016 in order to validate the CFD design models of transonic and supersonic flight. In March 2017, Jeff Bezos showed graphics of the
New_Glenn
General relativity Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and Page Chaplygin's equation Transonic flow Sergey Chaplygin Chapman–Kolmogorov equation Chapman–Enskog equation
List of scientific equations named after people
List_of_scientific_equations_named_after_people
German research aircraft, 1948
fitted. 346-3 - Only plane that flew rocket-engine powered, and twice went transonic. General characteristics Crew: one, pilot Length: 44 ft 1 in (13.45 m)
DFS_346
Second launch of SpaceX Starship
that developed when the liquid oxygen vent was initiated resulted in a combustion event and subsequent fires that led to a loss of communication between
Starship_flight_test_2
Norwegian aerodynamicist (1897–1978)
flutter and its verification, made early measurements of skin friction at transonic and supersonic speeds, developed the use of freon for experimental aeroelastic
Theodore_Theodorsen
projectile to launch at 0.8 Mach. These experiments took place at the Transonic Experimental Facility at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and specifically
SCORPION_program
Processes by which whistles make sound
Tunnel Experiments on the Flow over Rectangular Cavities at Subsonic and Transonic speeds", Report 3438, Aeronautical Research Council (UK), 1964. Lee, D
Physics_of_whistles
a design technique for airfoils used to reduce an aircraft's drag at transonic and supersonic speeds. Later it was independently developed again by Richard
List of German inventors and discoverers
List_of_German_inventors_and_discoverers
1950s supersonic intercontinental cruise missile
discovered that the A-4b's swept wing design was inherently unstable at transonic speeds. They redesigned the missile with a delta wing at the extreme rear
SM-64_Navaho
Afterburning turbofan aircraft engine
(IGVs), a three-stage low-pressure (LP) compressor with transonic blading, an annular combustion chamber, and cooled single-stage HP and LP turbines. The
GTRE_GTX-35VS_Kaveri
German aerospace engineer and academic (born 1962)
institutions on various research initiatives related to rotorcraft aerodynamics, transonic wind tunnel testing, and optical flow measurement technologies. He is
Markus_Raffel
Measurement indicator of fuel conversion
which is 3-dimensional. 1970 Garrett TFE731 with an early example of a transonic (supersonic relative velocities over the outer part of the blade) fan
Jet_engine_performance
Dutch student rocketry society
larger projects. It includes: Active canard stabilization suitable for transonic flight A 7 kN Solid engine An advanced ballistic parachute deployment
Delft Aerospace Rocket Engineering
Delft_Aerospace_Rocket_Engineering
sound barrier usually refers to the point at which an aircraft moves from transonic to supersonic speed. On October 14, 1947, just under a month after the
Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991)
Timeline_of_United_States_inventions_(1946–1991)
1950s British turbofan aircraft engine
aircraft speeds. LP and HP blades are made from titanium. The fan is a transonic design and airflow is 432 lb/s. The engine employs a simple thrust vectoring
Rolls-Royce_Pegasus
List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in aerospace engineering
travels around a central mass. Trailing edge – Trans Lunar Injection – Transonic – Transverse wave – Tripropellant rocket – Tsiolkovsky rocket equation
Glossary of aerospace engineering
Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
high-pressure (HP) compressor, 2-stage transonic low-pressure (LP) compressor Combustors: Annular double-dome combustion chamber Turbine: 1-stage cooled HP
MTU/Pratt_&_Whitney_RTF-180
1956 fighter aircraft family by Lockheed
tail to which it was attached, it was highly vulnerable to flutter at transonic speeds. During a test flight of the F-104A, the surviving XF-104 was flying
Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter
Science of air flight-capable machines
points where the air becomes compressed, typically at speeds above Mach 1. Transonic flow occurs in the intermediate speed range around Mach 1, where the airflow
Aeronautics
Device which reduces sound intensity or muzzle flash on a firearm
(350 m/s). Bullets that travel near the speed of sound are considered transonic, which means that the airflow over the surface of the bullet, which at
Silencer_(firearms)
Experimental WW2-era Soviet rocket-powered interceptor
wind tunnel testing, it was determined that BI-1 lost control due to transonic effects on the pitch controls / stabilisers. Estimates of Bakhchivandzhi's
Bereznyak-Isayev_BI-1
US experimental propfan
9 ft (2.7 by 2.7 m) low-speed wind tunnel and 8 by 12 ft (2.4 by 3.7 m) transonic wind tunnel. GE unveiled a full-scale model of the engine at the Farnborough
General_Electric_GE36
Future Sixth-generation air superiority fighter
unveiled at the ATLA Technology Symposium 2018. The XF9 possesses a high combustion temperature at 1800 °C. Noteworthy of the XF9 is its slim size relative
Mitsubishi_F-X
Effect of emissions from aircraft engines
Aircraft engines produce gases, noise, and particulates from fossil fuel combustion, raising environmental concerns over both global impacts and their effects
Environmental impact of aviation
Environmental_impact_of_aviation
Type of aircraft engine
engineers began exploring the idea of using swept wings to reduce drag on transonic speed aircraft, Hamilton Standard in the 1940s attempted to apply a similar
Propfan
Aspects of fluid mechanics involving fluid flow
(transonic flows) or in excess of it (supersonic or even hypersonic flows). New phenomena occur at these regimes such as instabilities in transonic flow
Fluid_dynamics
Machine for continuous flow gas compression
at different speeds; to supply air at around 40:1 pressure ratio for combustion with sufficient flexibility for all flight conditions. The law of moment
Axial_compressor
Award
Molding Process for Aircraft Composite Structures 1981 Raymond M. Hicks: Transonic Wing Design Using Potential Flow Codes -- Successes and Failures 1982
Wright_Brothers_Medal
American experimental spaceplane
shed kinetic energy in an aerodynamically stable configuration. Glide transonically and subsonically. Land horizontally on a standard runway. The fuselage
SpaceShipOne
Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer and physicist (1881–1963)
Chaplygin–Kármán–Tsien approximation (potential flow) Falkowich–Kármán equation (transonic flow) von Kármán constant (wall turbulence) Kármán–Moore theory Kármán–Moore
Theodore_von_Kármán
"Comparative study of jet propulsion systems as applied to missiles and transonic aircraft"". Memorandum JPL-2. 28. Kármán, Th. von; Christensen, N. B.
Theodore von Kármán bibliography
Theodore_von_Kármán_bibliography
Discussing what form of transport is the most fuel efficient and economical
aircraft drag increases faster. Compressibility effects: beginning at transonic speeds of around Mach 0.85, shockwaves form increasing drag. At supersonic
Energy efficiency in transport
Energy_efficiency_in_transport
1999-462. Denton, J. D.; Xu, L. (1989-06-04). "The Trailing Edge Loss of Transonic Turbine Blades". Proceedings of the ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine
Non ideal compressible fluid dynamics
Non_ideal_compressible_fluid_dynamics
Aviation in the aftermath of World War II
knew that as an aircraft approaches the speed of sound (Mach 1), in the transonic region, shock waves begin forming, causing a large increase in drag. Wings
Post-war_aviation
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