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Aromatic hydrocarbon
Toluene (/ˈtɒl.juiːn/), also known as toluol (/ˈtɒl.ju.ɒl, -ɔːl, -oʊl/), is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C6H5CH3, often
Toluene
Medical condition
Toluene toxicity refers to the harmful effects caused by toluene on the body. While a significant amount of toluene, 25%–40%, is exhaled unchanged via
Toluene_toxicity
Chemical compound
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H3(NCO)2. Two of the six possible isomers are commercially important: 2,4-TDI
Toluene_diisocyanate
Synthetic polymer
Polyvinyltoluene (PVT, polyvinyl toluene) is a synthetic polymer of alkylbenzenes with a linear formula [CH2CH(C6H4CH3)]n. Commercial vinyl toluene is a mixture of methyl
Polyvinyl_toluene
Chemical data page
This page provides supplementary chemical data on toluene. This box: view edit Except where noted otherwise, data relate to Standard temperature
Toluene_(data_page)
The Toluenes is an alternative country/Americana band based in East Tennessee. The group consists of lead vocalist Jamon Scott, guitarist Brian Blush,
The_Toluenes
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, toluene dioxygenase (EC 1.14.12.11) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction toluene + NADH O2 + H+ (1S,2R)-3-methylcyclohexa-3
Toluene_dioxygenase
Hydrocarbon compound (C6H6)
and butane) to aromatics. Toluene hydrodealkylation converts toluene to benzene. In this hydrogen-intensive process, toluene is mixed with hydrogen, then
Benzene
Chemical compound
4-Toluenesulfonyl chloride (p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, toluene-p-sulfonyl chloride) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2Cl. This white
4-Toluenesulfonyl_chloride
Mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers
petrochemical industries, the initialism BTX refers to mixtures of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers, all of which are aromatic hydrocarbons.
BTX_(chemistry)
Chemical product derived from petroleum
olefins (including ethylene and propylene) and aromatics (including benzene, toluene and xylene isomers). Oil refineries produce olefins and aromatics by fluid
Petrochemical
Study and application of beauty treatment
among hairdressers". Toluene is a clear, water insoluble liquid with a distinct and pungent smell, similar to paint thinners. Toluene is found in cosmetic
Cosmetology
Chemical compound
stored. TsOH is prepared on an industrial scale by the sulfonation of toluene. Common impurities include benzenesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid. TsOH
P-Toluenesulfonic_acid
Group of chemical compounds
Cresols (also known as hydroxytoluene, toluenol, benzol or cresylic acid) are a group of aromatic organic compounds. They are widely-occurring phenols
Cresol
Chemical, often household, breathed in to cause intoxication
known as "Rugby" boys, which were named after a brand of toluene-laden contact cement. Other toluene-containing substances have also been used, most notably
Inhalant
reaction toluene + fumarate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } benzylsuccinate This enzyme catalyses a radical-type addition of toluene and fumarate
Benzylsuccinate_synthase
Chemical compound
isomers form the group of cymenes. Cymene is also produced by alkylation of toluene with propene. It is a constituent of a number of essential oils, most commonly
P-Cymene
Chemical compound
Methylcyclohexane is used as a solvent. It is mainly converted in naphtha reformers to toluene. A special use is in PF-1 priming fluid in cruise missiles to aid engine
Methylcyclohexane
Substance dissolving a solute resulting in a solution
solvents are in dry cleaning (e.g. tetrachloroethylene); as paint thinners (toluene, turpentine); as nail polish removers and solvents of glue (acetone, methyl
Solvent
Agent used to increase a fuel's octane rating
tricarbonyl (MMT) Ferrocene Iron pentacarbonyl Toluene Isooctane BTEX - a hydrocarbon mixture of benzene, toluene, xylene and ethyl-benzene, also called gasoline
Antiknock_agent
Chemical compound
It is a colorless, pyrophoric solid that is commercially available in toluene solution, unlike the related LiBH(C2H5)3 which is typically sold as a THF
Sodium_triethylborohydride
Organic chemical compound
to toluene diisocyanate. The most common of the six positional isomers possible for dinitrotoluene is 2,4-dinitrotoluene. The nitration of toluene gives
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Organic compounds with the formula (CH3)2C6H4
fuels. Xylenes are produced mainly as part of the BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) extracted from the product of catalytic reforming known as
Xylene
Group of chemical compounds
Iodotoluenes are aryl iodides based on toluene in which at least one aromatic hydrogen atom is replaced with an iodine atom. They have the general formula
Iodotoluene
Organic compounds that can absorb and release hydrogen through chemical reactions
international hydrogen supply chain between Brunei and Kawasaki City utilizing toluene-based LOHC technology. Hyundai Motor invests in the development for stationary
Liquid organic hydrogen carrier
Liquid_organic_hydrogen_carrier
Fine grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds
mudstone on Mars that contain organic substances such as propane, benzene and toluene. There is not a single definition of mudstone that has gained general acceptance
Mudstone
Impact-resistant high explosive
to nitrate toluene to a mixture of mono- and di-nitrotoluene isomers, with careful cooling to maintain temperature. The nitrated toluenes are then separated
TNT
Hydrocarbon-based solvent mixture enriched with C6 alkanes
i.e. alkenes, by hydrotreating and/or reduced aromatics, e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, by several dearomatization methods. The most important distinction
Petroleum_benzine
Criminal charge in many countries
drug, controlled substance, toluene, or any combination of any intoxicating liquor, drug, controlled substance, or toluene, in a condition that they are
Disorderly_conduct
Making a hole in a balloon
without the balloon popping. cis-1,4-polyisoprene toluene limonene Applying an organic solvent such as toluene onto a balloon's surface can pop it, since the
Balloon_popping
High explosive mixture
started to use TNT. TNT production was limited by the availability of toluene which came from coal tar. Therefore, mixtures of TNT with other compounds
Tritonal
Chemical compound
for the year 2000. It is produced by the free radical chlorination of toluene, catalysed by light or radical initiators such as dibenzoyl peroxide. Mono-
Benzotrichloride
Chemical reaction which transfers an alkyl group between molecules
used to convert toluene into benzene and xylenes. This is achieved through a disproportionation reaction of toluene in which one toluene molecule transfers
Transalkylation
Chemical compound
gasoline is performed on a limited scale. Styrene can be produced from toluene and methanol, which are cheaper raw materials than those in the conventional
Styrene
Landfill site in New Jersey, United States
began in 1945, and continued until September 1972, when large amounts of toluene, benzene, chloroform, dichloroethylene, and methylene chloride were found
Sharkey_Landfill
Chemical lab apparatus for collecting water from a reactor
during a reaction in boiling toluene. An azeotropic mixture of toluene and water distills out of the reaction, but only the toluene (density 0.865 g/ml) returns
Dean–Stark_apparatus
Psychoactive substance found in plants in the family Apocynaceae
Halothane Hexanol Isoflurane Methoxyflurane Nitrous oxide Octanol Sevoflurane Toluene Trichloroethane Trichloroethanol Trichloroethylene Urethane Xenon Xylene;
Ibogaine
Affinity of a molecule or a moiety for a lipophilic environment
dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene. Such compounds are called lipophilic (translated as "fat-loving" or "fat-liking")
Lipophilicity
Chemical compound
methacrylate–methyl acrylate copolymer. It is soluble in acetone, ethanol, toluene, and xylenes, among other solvents and solvent mixtures. One of the major
Paraloid_B-72
Japanese food company
detection of toluene in some of its sausage products from the Tokyo plant, Dai Nippon Printing announced that the cause was due to toluene coming from
Itoham_Foods
Type of writing tool
most common solvents that were used for the ink in permanent markers were toluene and xylene. These two substances are both harmful and characterized by
Marker_pen
Oxidisation reaction
bound methyl group to an aldehyde using chromyl chloride. For example, toluene can be oxidized to benzaldehyde. It is named for the French chemist Alexandre
Étard_reaction
Isomers of the organic compound bromotoluene
Bromotoluenes are aryl bromides based on toluene in which at least one aromatic hydrogen atom is replaced with a bromine atom. They have the general formula
Bromotoluene
19th-century Russian chemist
organic chemistry. Volkova was the first chemist to prepare pure ortho-toluene sulfonic acid, its acyl chloride, and its amide (1870). She was also the
Anna_Volkova
Aromatic alcohol
esters also occur naturally. Benzyl alcohol is produced industrially from toluene via benzyl chloride, which is hydrolyzed: C6H5CH2Cl + H2O → C6H5CH2OH +
Benzyl_alcohol
Chemical compound
employing alternating current gives phenol from benzene. The oxidation of toluene, as developed by Dow Chemical, involves copper-catalyzed reaction of molten
Phenol
Class of enzymes
called p-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in toluene and xylene degradation in bacteria. It is also found in carrots (Daucus
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde_dehydrogenase
Alternative to the mercury thermometer
temperature against an inscribed scale. The liquid used can be pure ethanol, toluene, kerosene or isoamyl acetate, depending on manufacturer and working temperature
Alcohol_thermometer
Chemical reaction
reaction that often involves reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene, in the presence of hydrogen gas to form a simpler aromatic hydrocarbon
Hydrodealkylation
Chemical compound
organosilanes with the formula C6H5SiH3. It is structurally related to toluene, with a silyl group replacing the methyl group. Both of these compounds
Phenylsilane
Chemical compound
about 240 °C. High concentrations of hippuric acid may also indicate a toluene intoxication; however, scientists have called this correlation into question
Hippuric_acid
Gangs of street children in the Philippines
and adolescents in the Philippines. In response to widespread abuse of toluene-based substances, stricter rules have been imposed on the manufacture and
Rugby_boy
Electrochemical effect
about it 1928. Impedance measurements on water-p-dioxane and the methanol-toluene systems have confirmed Falkenhagen's predictions made in 1929. Peter Debye
Debye–Falkenhagen_effect
Type of tree balsam
of skin allergy. In 1841, Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville isolated toluene by the dry distillation of tolu balsam. The resin is used in traditional
Tolu_balsam
Chemical group (–N=C=O)
tonnes, of which 61.3% was methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), 34.1% was toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 3.4% was the total for hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)
Isocyanate
Family of organic compounds
more hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl groups. The simplest member, toluene (or methylbenzene), has the hydrogen atom of the benzene ring replaced
Alkylbenzene
Type of adhesive
(typically latex) mixed in a solvent such as acetone, hexane, heptane or toluene to keep it fluid enough to be used. This makes it part of the class of
Rubber_cement
(2-chlorophenyl)- Thiourea, (2-methylphenyl)- Titanium tetrachloride Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Trans-1,4-dichlorobutene Triamiphos Triazofos
EPA list of extremely hazardous substances
EPA_list_of_extremely_hazardous_substances
Person who styles nails
shift. It was found that toluene levels were significantly higher in workers blood post shift. Consistent exposure to toluene can cause severe damage to
Nail_technician
Chemical compound
that is soluble in aromatic solvents. ACBN has a 10-hour half-life in toluene at 88 °C. Azobisisobutylonitrile (AIBN) is another commonly used free radical
ABCN
The isotoluenes in organic chemistry are the non-aromatic toluene isomers with an exocyclic double bond. They are of some academic interest in relation
Isotoluene
Chemical compound
One possible use is in scintillation counters where it is dissolved in toluene and glows when subject to beta rays. Horrocks, Donald L. (1974). Applications
Para-Quaterphenyl
Species of bacterium
rare. It has potential use in bioremediation as it is able to degrade toluene. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. mendocina has been placed in the P. aeruginosa
Pseudomonas_mendocina
Chemical compound
Diethyl toluene diamine (DETDA) is a liquid aromatic organic molecule with formula C11H18N2. It is chemically an aromatic diamine and has the CAS Registry
Diethyl_toluene_diamine
Chemical compound
Commercially available, it may be prepared from the Friedel-Crafts formylation of toluene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride under Gattermann-Koch conditions
4-Methylbenzaldehyde
Chemical compound
Benzylmercapturic acid is a minor metabolite of toluene in humans and is used in the diagnosis of toluene exposure. As its name indicates, is a benzyl derivative
Benzylmercapturic_acid
Chemical compound
slightly slower than MEK (3.8) and ethyl acetate (4.1), and faster than toluene (2.0) and isopropanol (1.7). Dimethyl carbonate has solubility profile
Dimethyl_carbonate
German chemist (1839–1906)
solutions for yellow dye. He obtained trinitrotoluene through the nitration of toluene. TNT was originally used as a yellow dye; its potential as an explosive
Julius_Wilbrand
Chemical compound
solvent activity and versatility, it is considered a safer substitute for toluene. Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7880 "propyl propionate". scentsandflavors
Propyl_propanoate
multiple pathways for toluene metabolism: TOL pathway: This path takes the name of the homonymous plasmid that codes for it. Toluene is degraded to alcohol
Hydrocarbonoclastic_bacteria
Chemical process used in oil refining
reformate is the main source of aromatic bulk chemicals such as benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene, which have diverse uses, most importantly as
Catalytic_reforming
Chemical compound
temperature of the solvent. In general, weakly coordinating solvents such as toluene and N,N-dimethylethylamine give dimers, where as THF and diglyme gave monomers
Potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
Potassium_bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
High explosive mixture
ammonium nitrate. The British name originates from the words ammonium and toluene (the precursor of TNT). Similar mixtures (one part dinitronaphthalene and
Amatol
Topics referred to by the same term
refer to: Benzole, a coal-tar product consisting mainly of benzene and toluene Benzene, a chemical compound with the formula C6H6 Benzol peroxide, benzoyl
Benzol
Chemical reaction which attaches an electrophile to an aromatic ring
is the nitration of toluene during the production of trinitrotoluene (TNT). While the first nitration, on the activated toluene ring, can be done at
Electrophilic aromatic substitution
Electrophilic_aromatic_substitution
Class of functional groups derived from toluene
In organic chemistry, tolyl groups are functional groups related to toluene. They have the general formula CH3C6H4−R. The change of the relative position
Tolyl_group
Chemical group (–CH3) derived from methane
converts a methyl group to a carboxyl (−COOH) group, e.g. the conversion of toluene to benzoic acid. Ultimately oxidation of methyl groups gives protons and
Methyl_group
Type of Australian gasoline
aromatics, such as toluene, ortho-xylene and para-xylene. In contrast, Opal contains only 5% aromatics, which means that it has less of the toluene and other solvents
Opal_(fuel)
Chemical compound
strong acid such as methanesulfonic acid by reactive distillation using toluene as an azeotroping agent. 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate polymerizes easily. The
2-Ethylhexyl_acrylate
German chemist (1818–1892)
student Charles Mansfield's practical methods for extracting benzene and toluene and converting them into nitro compounds and amines. Hofmann's discoveries
August_Wilhelm_von_Hofmann
General principle in thermodynamics regarding pVT systems in equilibrium
two relations: the equality of the chemical potentials of liquid toluene and toluene vapour, and the corresponding equality for benzene. For given T and
Phase_rule
Chemical compound
irritant. Industrial production is through catalytic carbometalation: toluene adds to propene in the presence of a sodium–potassium catalyst on activated
Isobutylbenzene
Solvents able to dissolve lacquer
ketones like acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons like toluene, ethers such as glycol cellosolves, and/or alcohols. Modern lacquer thinners
Lacquer_thinner
Molecular groups or substituents derived from an aromatic ring
aryl groups consist of: The tolyl group (CH3C6H4−) which is derived from toluene (methylbenzene) The xylyl group ((CH3)2C6H3−), which is derived from xylene
Aryl_group
Chemical reaction
necessary halogen radicals. For example, consider radical bromination of toluene: This reaction takes place on water instead of an organic solvent and the
Free-radical_halogenation
Medical condition resulting from overconsumption of bromine (Br)
poisoning CHO alcohol Ethanol Ethylene glycol Methanol Carbon monoxide Oxygen Toluene Pharmaceutical Drug overdoses Nervous Alcohol Anticholinesterase Aspirin
Bromism
Group of ortho, meta, para isomers
Chlorotoluenes are aryl chlorides based on toluene in which at least one aromatic hydrogen atom is replaced with a chlorine atom. They have the general
Chlorotoluene
Cancer of plasma cells
hydrocarbon solvents. Exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, benzene, toluene, and xylene, can increase risk of multiple myeloma. Increased duration
Multiple_myeloma
Chemical compound
benzyl groups. Benzyl bromide can be synthesized by the bromination of toluene under conditions suitable for a free radical halogenation: The structure
Benzyl_bromide
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings
in water but is soluble in most low-polarity organic solvents such as toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ether, chloroform, acetic acid and benzene. Phenanthrene
Phenanthrene
[(CH3)3Si-NC5H5]+, the hydride-bridged species [(Et3Si)2H]+, and the toluene complex [(mes)3Si(toluene)]+. Well-characterized silylium salts with well-defined three-coordinate
Silylium_ion
Chemical compound
reducing agent sodium triethylborohydride is commercially available as toluene solutions. LiBHEt3 is a stronger reducing agent than lithium borohydride
Lithium_triethylborohydride
Thin, flat piece of glass onto which a sample is placed to be examined under a microscope
specimen was prepared in (either aqueous or non-polar, such as xylene or toluene), and not causing the specimen stain to fade or leach. Popularly used in
Microscope_slide
Chemical compound
used to confirm acetophenone exposure, although other substances, like toluene, also induce hippuric acid in urine. The LD50 is 815 mg/kg (oral, rats)
Acetophenone
Industrial disaster in Ontario, Canada
high concentrations of it in the air, and another three cars contained toluene, which is explosive when exposed to air and causes death when inhaled in
1979 Mississauga train derailment
1979_Mississauga_train_derailment
petroleum products are carried in the same tanker i.e.: petrol/diesel/kerosene/toluene etc. (UN No. no longer in use) UN 1271 (3) (UN No. no longer in use) petroleum
List of UN numbers 1201 to 1300
List_of_UN_numbers_1201_to_1300
steric demand for electrophilic aromatic nitration. The methyl group in toluene is small and will lead the ortho product being the major product. On the
Electrophilic aromatic directing groups
Electrophilic_aromatic_directing_groups
Chemical compound
group of aromatics and a derivative of toluene. Pentachlorotoluene can be synthesized by chlorination of toluene. This compound forms a white solid with
Pentachlorotoluene
Heavy organic molecular substances that are found in crude oil
Asphaltenes are defined operationally as the n-heptane (C 7H 16)-insoluble, toluene (C 6H 5CH 3)-soluble component of a carbonaceous material such as crude
Asphaltene
Substance used to induce or sustain dryness
Toluene is heated under reflux with sodium and benzophenone to produce dry, oxygen-free toluene. The toluene is dry and oxygen free when the intense blue
Desiccant
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