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Mathematical technique
(CAE) simulations, which require discretizing the governing equations in both space and time. Temporal discretization involves the integration of every
Temporal_discretization
Family of implicit and explicit iterative methods
explicit iterative methods, which include the Euler method, used in temporal discretization for the approximate solutions of simultaneous nonlinear equations
Runge–Kutta_methods
Subfield of machine learning
Electrochemical RAM (ECRAM) Reinforcement learning Q-learning Policy gradient SARSA Temporal difference (TD) Multi-agent Self-play Learning with humans Active learning
Meta-learning (computer science)
Meta-learning_(computer_science)
Discrete resolution of a measurement with respect to time
Temporal resolution (TR) refers to the discrete resolution of a measurement with respect to time. It is defined as the amount of time needed to revisit
Temporal_resolution
X_{s})\right)\,ds+\int _{0}^{t}\nabla u(s,X_{s})\cdot \sigma (s,X_{s})\,dW_{s}} Discretize the time interval [ 0 , T ] {\displaystyle [0,T]} into steps 0 = t 0 <
Deep backward stochastic differential equation method
Deep_backward_stochastic_differential_equation_method
Transform in numerical harmonic analysis
wavelet transforms, a key advantage it has over Fourier transforms is temporal resolution: it captures both frequency and location information (location
Discrete_wavelet_transform
Determining all voltages and currents within an electrical network
for time tn+1, the solution for time tn is already known. Then, temporal discretization is used to replace the derivatives with differences, such as x
Network analysis (electrical circuits)
Network_analysis_(electrical_circuits)
differential equations is solved by means of a numerical method for temporal discretization, e.g., a Runge-Kutta method. The cardiovascular system is split
Lumped parameter model for the cardiovascular system
Lumped_parameter_model_for_the_cardiovascular_system
Highest level of animal sociality a species can attain
addition, the queen eats any eggs laid by workers. Furthermore, temporally discrete production of workers and gynes (actual or potential queens) can
Eusociality
American fluid dynamicist (born 1957)
have had a great impact on scientific computing, including TVD temporal discretizations, ENO and WENO finite difference schemes, discontinuous Galerkin
Chi-Wang_Shu
Parallel algorithm from numerical analysis
focused on the spatial discretization, in view of the challenges from exascale computing, parallel methods for temporal discretization have been identified
Parareal
Flaws caused by insufficient color depth
use temporal anti-aliasing, which yields motion blur. Compare with time stretching, which adds frames. Downsampling Quantization error Discretization error
Posterization
Standard testing domain in Reinforced learning
categories, state space discretization or function approximation. In this approach, two continuous state variables are pushed into discrete states by bucketing
Mountain_car_problem
Type of image blur produced by a Gaussian function
pass, but requires fewer of them Discretization is typically achieved by sampling the Gaussian filter kernel at discrete points, normally at positions corresponding
Gaussian_blur
Signal processing effect
instance in digital audio or the stroboscopic effect, and is referred to as temporal aliasing. Aliasing in spatially sampled signals (e.g., moiré patterns in
Aliasing
Mathematical signal manipulation by computers
(ADC). Sampling is usually carried out in two stages, discretization and quantization. Discretization means that the signal is divided into equal intervals
Digital_signal_processing
Philosophical theory of persistence
different temporal parts of an object". Take any perdurant and isolate a part of its spatial region. That isolated spatial part has a corresponding temporal part
Perdurantism
Doctrine that time is finite in the past
Temporal finitism is the doctrine that time is finite in the past.[clarification needed] The philosophy of Aristotle, expressed in such works as his Physics
Temporal_finitism
Distinct unit of speech
analysis. Segments are called "discrete" because they are, at least at some analytical level, separate and individual, and temporally ordered. Segments are generally
Segment_(linguistics)
One of three gyri of the temporal lobe of the brain
The inferior temporal gyrus is one of three gyri of the temporal lobe and is located below the middle temporal gyrus, connected behind with the inferior
Inferior_temporal_gyrus
Method by which information is represented in the brain
change their activities by firing sequences of action potentials in various temporal patterns, with the presence of external sensory stimuli, such as light
Neural_coding
Optical illusion
grating contracting so as to have the same temporal frequency as the radial grating. This is inconsistent with discrete frames covering local parts of visual
Wagon-wheel_effect
Visual temporal integration is a perceptual process of integrating a continuous and rapid stream of information into discrete perceptual episodes or 'events'
Visual_temporal_integration
Field of machine learning
Barto 2018, §6. Temporal-Difference Learning. Bradtke, Steven J.; Barto, Andrew G. (1996). "Learning to predict by the method of temporal differences".
Reinforcement_learning
Putting fermions on a lattice with chiral symmetry results in more fermions than expected
{\displaystyle {\bar {\psi }}_{n}} . The derivative discretization used is the symmetric derivative discretization, with the vectors μ ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {\mu
Fermion_doubling
Representation of water movement in unsaturated soils
Richards equation is prone to the following computational issue: the discretized temporal derivative using the implicit Rothe method yields the following approximation:
Richards_equation
Numerical method
A discrete element method (DEM), also called a distinct element method, is any of a family of numerical methods for computing the motion and effect of
Discrete_element_method
Phenomenological ionic model for human ventricular cells
methods to discretize in space this system of equations, such as the finite element method (FEM) or isogeometric analysis (IGA). Time discretization can be
Bueno-Orovio–Cherry–Fenton model
Bueno-Orovio–Cherry–Fenton_model
{\displaystyle w} are defined at the centre of the appropriate interfaces. Temporal discretization of the prognostic equations is based on the explicit second order
MEMO model (wind-flow simulation)
MEMO_model_(wind-flow_simulation)
Technique used in signal processing and data compression
doi:10.1109/36.368225 Chan, Y.; Siu, W. (May 1997), "Variable temporal-length 3-D discrete cosine transform coding" (PDF), IEEE Trans. Image Process., 6
Discrete_cosine_transform
System of enforceable rules
the sociology of law is concerned with the way that law develops outside discrete state jurisdictions, being produced through social interaction in social
Law
of HydroGeoSphere follow the same conventions for spatial and temporal discretizations as those used by the subsurface modules. The surface flow equation
HydroGeoSphere
Equation in computational fluid dynamics
dynamics, the MacCormack method (/məˈkɔːrmæk ˈmɛθəd/) is a widely used discretization scheme for the numerical solution of hyperbolic partial differential
MacCormack_method
Continuous progression from past to future
experience. Time is often referred to as the fourth dimension and the temporal dimension, in addition to the three spatial dimensions. Time is primarily
Time
Structure that repeats in time; a novel type or phase of non-equilibrium matter
to whether it is possible to break symmetry temporally, and thus create a "time crystal." If a discrete time-translation symmetry is broken (which may
Time_crystal
Metric temporal logic (MTL) is a special case of temporal logic. It is an extension of temporal logic in which temporal operators are replaced by time-constrained
Metric_temporal_logic
Distribution property in ecology
spatial heterogeneity with the optimized parameters of spatial data discretization for identifying geographical factors and interactive impacts of factors
Spatial_heterogeneity
Branch of artificial intelligence
The Simple Temporal Network with Uncertainty (STNU) is a scheduling problem which involves controllable actions, uncertain events and temporal constraints
Automated planning and scheduling
Automated_planning_and_scheduling
Discrete Fourier transform algorithm
A fast Fourier transform (FFT) is an algorithm that computes the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), or its inverse (IDFT), of a sequence. A Fourier transform
Fast_Fourier_transform
Property of a mathematical space
spacetime consist of events that are not absolutely defined spatially and temporally, but rather are known relative to the motion of an observer. Minkowski
Dimension
Function for integral Fourier-like transform
temporal signals in real time, it is essential that the wavelet filters do not access signal values from the future as well as that minimal temporal latencies
Wavelet
Feature of a system that is preserved under some transformation
geometry associated with a physical system; temporal symmetries, involving only changes in time; or spatio-temporal symmetries, involving changes in both space
Symmetry_(physics)
Simulation in computational fluid dynamics
This means that in order to be accurate, the integration, for most discretization methods, must be done with a time step, Δ t {\displaystyle \Delta t}
Direct_numerical_simulation
Area of the brain where the temporal and parietal lobes meet
The temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is an area of the brain where the temporal and parietal lobes meet, at the posterior end of the lateral sulcus (Sylvian
Temporoparietal_junction
Numerical analysis technique for waves
bases, such as Fourier or Chebyshev bases while the problem is temporally discretized. Introduced in the late 1990s, PSTD is widely used in acoustic,
Pseudospectral time-domain method
Pseudospectral_time-domain_method
Mathematical transformation in physics
Time-translation symmetry or temporal translation symmetry (TTS) is a mathematical transformation in physics that moves the times of events through a common
Time-translation_symmetry
Compact encoding of digital data
between e.g., temporally adjacent frames (inter-frame coding) or spatially adjacent pixels (intra-frame coding). Inter-frame compression (a temporal delta encoding)
Data_compression
Concept in physics of one-way time
is much more obvious. This arrow had not been linked to any large-scale temporal behaviour until the work of Joan Vaccaro, who showed that T violation could
Arrow_of_time
Number of occurrences or cycles per unit time
related by the equation f = 1 T . {\displaystyle f={\frac {1}{T}}.} The term temporal frequency is used to emphasise that the frequency is characterised by the
Frequency
Concept relating to waves and signals
and its overtones, the spectrogram is also useful for analysis of the temporal attack, decay, sustain, and release of the musical note. Approximate frequency
Spectrum_(physical_sciences)
Lattice field theory with only spatial discretization
but the time component is associated with the vertices. However, the temporal gauge is often employed, setting the electric potential to zero. The eigenvalues
Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory
Hamiltonian_lattice_gauge_theory
Mathematical technique used in data compression and analysis
(UWB) wireless communications. Discretizing of the c − τ {\displaystyle c-\tau } axis Applied the following discretization of frequency and time: c n =
Wavelet_transform
Concept in Scholastic philosophy
In scholastic philosophy, the aevum (also called aeviternity) is the temporal mode of existence experienced by angels and by the saints in heaven. In some
Aevum
Computer science field
software designs where the specification is given by a temporal logic formula. Pioneering work in temporal logic specification was done by Amir Pnueli, who
Model_checking
measurement technique whereby spectra are collected based on measurements of the temporal coherence of a radiative source Joseph Fourier University 10101 Fourier
List of things named after Joseph Fourier
List_of_things_named_after_Joseph_Fourier
of computer science, timed propositional temporal logic (TPTL) is an extension of propositional linear temporal logic (LTL) in which variables are introduced
Timed propositional temporal logic
Timed_propositional_temporal_logic
Process of developing trajectory performance
represented by a discrete set of points, known as mesh points or grid points. Mesh refinement The process by which the discretization mesh is improved
Trajectory_optimization
Formal specification language
of temporal logic to computer science, Prior speculated on its use a decade earlier in 1967: The usefulness of systems of this sort [on discrete time]
TLA+
Branch of physics
("cells"), and solve Maxwell's equations simultaneously across all cells. Discretization consumes computer memory, and solving the relevant equations takes significant
Computational electromagnetics
Computational_electromagnetics
Sequence of data points over time
Average. A time series is often visualized using a run chart (a type of temporal line chart), which helps identify patterns such as trends, seasonal effects
Time_series
Technique for the generative modeling of a discrete probability distribution
cannot be performed in continuous time, but only in discrete time. This produces a time-discretization error. The Gillespie algorithm cannot in general perform
Discrete_diffusion_model
Study of graphs as a representation of relations between discrete objects
interconnections. Temporal networks are used for example to study how financial risk has spread across countries. In this study, temporal networks are used
Network_theory
Method of deriving an ontology
G.; Leschi, C.; Besson, J.; Boulicaut, J.-F. (2004). "Assessment of discretization techniques for relevant pattern discovery from gene expression data"
Formal_concept_analysis
Integral expressing the amount of overlap of one function as it is shifted over another
others. Atlas, Homma, and Marks. "An Artificial Neural Network for Spatio-Temporal Bipolar Patterns: Application to Phoneme Classification" (PDF). Neural
Convolution
Perceptual property in music ordering sounds from low to high
are not sufficient for pitch responses. Temporal theories offer an alternative that appeals to the temporal structure of action potentials, mostly the
Pitch_(music)
Vibration that travels via pressure waves in matter
ANSI/ASA S1.1-2013). More recent approaches have also considered temporal envelope and temporal fine structure as perceptually relevant analyses. Pitch is perceived
Sound
Term in computer science
cost. Collision detection frequently involves dynamic objects, adding a temporal dimension to distance calculations. Instead of simply measuring distance
Collision_detection
Branch of mathematics
coordinates). Fourier transforms are not limited to functions of time, and temporal frequencies. They can equally be applied to analyze spatial frequencies
Fourier_analysis
Particular task in computer vision
maximum value over spatio-temporal scales at a spatio-temporal scale level reflecting the spatial extent and the temporal duration of an onset Gaussian
Blob_detection
Multi-dimensional data structure
spatio-temporal sensor, image, and simulation data, but also statistics data where the semantics of dimensions is not necessarily of spatial or temporal nature
Data_cube
Aspect of learning procedure
directed at a person's eye could be followed by the sound of a buzzer. In temporal conditioning, a US is presented at regular intervals, for instance every
Classical_conditioning
Time-series data collected at fine scale
these distinct characteristics as irregular temporal spacing, discreteness, diurnal patterns, and temporal dependence. High frequency data employs the
High_frequency_data
Foundation model allowing control of robot actions
tends to scale better to robots with many degrees of freedom, where discretization for every DoF would be impractical. VLAs can be organized either as
Vision–language–action_model
Predictive model of human movement
(i.e., temporal distance Dt) and the width of the target (i.e., temporal width Wt) can be defined for temporal targets as well. The temporal distance
Fitts's_law
Developmental biology concept
structures: tissues, organs, or parts of an organism. The spatial and temporal extents of such a region of embryonic stem cells are dynamic, and within
Morphogenetic_field
Model-free reinforcement learning algorithm
(using a Q {\displaystyle Q} table) applies only to discrete action and state spaces. Discretization of these values leads to inefficient learning, largely
Q-learning
Framework for multi-scale signal representation
cascade, with specifically chosen time constants to obtain temporal scale covariance. For discrete data, this kernel can often be numerically well approximated
Scale_space
Field of electrical engineering
System Identification: NARMAX Methods in the Time, Frequency, and Spatio-Temporal Domains. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-94359-4. Slawinska, J.; Ourmazd, A.; Giannakis
Signal_processing
Hypothesis about quantum and statistical mechanics
expectation value to exhibit small temporal fluctuations around its time-average, we study the mean squared amplitude of the temporal fluctuations, defined as (
Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis
Eigenstate_thermalization_hypothesis
Video compression technique, used to efficiently predict and generate video frames
compression techniques: discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding in the spatial dimension, and predictive motion compensation in the temporal dimension. DCT coding
Motion_compensation
American memory disorder patient
was an American epileptic man who in 1953 received a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy to surgically resect parts of his brain—the anterior two thirds
Henry_Molaison
Detection of illegally copied video
dissimilarity is made by combining the two aforementioned algorithms, Global temporal descriptors and Global ordinal measurement descriptors, in time and space
Video_copy_detection
Topics referred to by the same term
measurement technique whereby spectra are collected based on measurements of the temporal coherence of a radiative source List of Fourier-related transforms, a list
Fourier
Paradox involving infinity
questions about the possibility of continuous time and the infinite past (temporal finitism). It is inspired by J. A. Benardete's paradoxes from the 1964
Grim_Reaper_paradox
Class of artificial neural network
input to the network at the next time step. This enables RNNs to capture temporal dependencies and patterns within sequences. The fundamental building block
Recurrent_neural_network
Economic model which weighs rewards based on when they are received
two most commonly used examples. Discounted utility Intertemporal choice Temporal discounting Shane Frederick & George Loewenstein & Ted O'Donoghue, 2002
Discount_function
Simple polynomial map exhibiting chaotic behavior
number of individuals K . The logistic map can also be derived from the discretization of the logistic equation for continuous-time population models. The
Logistic_map
Mathematical model of the time dependence of a point in space
predict certain variables, like in the case of the discretization of Navier–Stokes equations. Discrete dynamical systems are often also called cascades
Dynamical_system
Argentine biologist
Pablo Visconti (2010). "Analysis of CAPZA3 localization reveals temporally discrete events during the acrosome reaction". Journal of Cellular Physiology
Pablo_Visconti
Type of feedforward neural network
in visual salience, spatial attention, and temporal attention, the most critical spatial regions/temporal instants could be visualized to justify the
Convolutional_neural_network
Tensor related to gradients
spatio-temporal window function needs to be adapted, corresponding to the transfer of affine shape adaptation from spatial to spatio-temporal image data
Structure_tensor
Generalized version of classical Green's function
accelerate the temporal convergence of molecular dynamics. The new method, called CGFMD (Causal Green's Function Molecular Dynamics) is the temporal equivalent
Multiscale_Green's_function
Directed graph representing overlaps between sequences of symbols
forecasting, De Bruijn graphs have been adapted to encode temporal patterns by mapping discrete subsequences (n-grams) of observations to graph nodes. This
De_Bruijn_graph
Bulgarian-Swedish logician
several other scientific journals. 2015 Logic and Discrete Mathematics: A Concise Introduction 2016 Temporal Logics in Computer Science 2016 Logic as a Tool:
Valentin_Goranko
Probabilistic graphical model
1016/0169-2070(94)02009-e. Paul Dagum; Adam Galper; Eric Horvitz (June 1991). "Temporal Probabilistic Reasoning: Dynamic Network Models for Forecasting" (PDF)
Dynamic_Bayesian_network
1969 novel by Kurt Vonnegut
frequently travels back and forth through time. The protagonist deals with a temporal crisis as a result of his post-war psychological trauma. The text centers
Slaughterhouse-Five
Underwater acoustic signal processing
{r}})}d{\vec {k}}\,dw,\end{aligned}}} In the formula w {\displaystyle w} is temporal frequency and k → {\displaystyle {\vec {k}}} is spatial frequency. We often
Sonar_signal_processing
Ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others
shows that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), the precuneus, and the amygdala are associated with theory
Theory_of_mind
Application of respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior
behavior has three dimensions that can be measured: repeatability, temporal extent, and temporal locus. Response classes occur repeatedly throughout time—i.e
Applied_behavior_analysis
Neurological problem in dogs
epilepsy, automatic epilepsy, rhinencephalic epilepsy, behavioral epilepsy, temporal lobe epilepsy, and autonomic epilepsy. In addition, depending on the professional's
Rage_syndrome
TEMPORAL DISCRETIZATION
TEMPORAL DISCRETIZATION
Surname or Lastname
English
English : local name for someone who lived in a small cottage or temporary dwelling, Middle English logge (Old French loge, of Germanic origin). The term was used in particular of a cabin erected by masons working on the site of a particular construction project, such as a church or cathedral, and so it was probably in many cases equivalent to an occupational name for a mason. Reaney suggests that one early form, atte Logge, might sometimes have denoted the warden of a masons’ lodge.Henry Cabot Lodge (1850–1924), the influential U.S. senator from MA, was born in Boston, the only son of John Ellerton Lodge, a prosperous merchant and owner of swift clipper ships engaged in commerce with China, one of several Lodges who emigrated from England in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin; perhaps a topographic name for someone living on low-lying land (Old English ēg) with a hut or temporary shelter (Old Norse skáli) on it.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Lancashire)
English (chiefly Lancashire) : topographic name for someone who lived by or worked at a rough temporary shelter for animals, Middle English helm (Old Norse hjalmr, related to the Old English and Old High German words in 2 below), or a habitational name from a minor place named Helm or Helme from this word, as for example in County Durham, Northumberland, and West Yorkshire.English, German, and Dutch : metonymic occupational name for a maker of helmets, from Middle English, Middle High German, Middle Dutch helm.German and Dutch : from a medieval personal name, a short form of any of the various compound names formed with helm ‘helmet’. Compare, e.g., Helmbrecht.Scottish : habitational name from Helme in Roxburghshire (Borders).Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Helm ‘helmet’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English winter ‘winter’ + bottom ‘valley’, hence a topographic name, especially in the hilly regions of Lancashire and Yorkshire, for someone whose principal dwelling was in a valley inhabited only in winter (the summer being spent in temporary shelters on the upland pasture).
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Rajasthani, Traditional
A Flowering Plan; Generally Used for Temporary Skin Decoration for Special Occasions
TEMPORAL DISCRETIZATION
TEMPORAL DISCRETIZATION
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Prosperity
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Servant of the Witness
Girl/Female
Indian
A river
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada
A Season
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
King; Royal; Shri Krishna
Boy/Male
Arabic
A Prophet's Name
Boy/Male
Arabic, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
King; Sand; Silvery; Emotion; Affection; Hope; Royal
Girl/Female
Irish
orlaith means “golden princess.†The name was shared by both a sister and a daughter of the most famous of the high kings, Brian Boru (read the legend).
Boy/Male
French
Delegate.
Male
English
English form of German Ernust, ERNEST means "battle (to the death), serious business."
TEMPORAL DISCRETIZATION
TEMPORAL DISCRETIZATION
TEMPORAL DISCRETIZATION
TEMPORAL DISCRETIZATION
TEMPORAL DISCRETIZATION
n.
Pertaining to the temple; temporal.
a.
Below the temple; below the temporal bone.
adv.
In a temporal manner; secularly.
n.
The zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
a.
Situated back of the temporal bone or the temporal region of the skull; -- applied especially to a bone which usually connects the supraclavicle with the skull in the pectoral arch of fishes.
n.
A post-temporal bone.
a.
Of or pertaining to the temple or temples; as, the temporal bone; a temporal artery.
a.
Situated in front of the temporal bone.
a.
Situated above the temporal bone or temporal fossa.
a.
For temporary use; -- applied to a temporary contrivance.
n.
Of or pertaining to time, that is, to the present life, or this world; secular, as distinguished from sacred or eternal.
n.
Anything temporal or secular; a temporality; -- used chiefly in the plural.
a.
Lasting for a time only; existing or continuing for a limited time; not permanent; as, the patient has obtained temporary relief.
n.
The squamous part of the temporal bone, or a bone correspondending to it, under Temporal.
a.
Pertaining to the femur or thigh; as, the femoral artery.
n.
The temple or temporal fossa. Also used adjectively.
n.
Civil or political, as distinguished from ecclesiastical; as, temporal power; temporal courts.
a.
Of or pertaining to both the temple and the ear; as, the temporo-auricular nerve.