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Phase of an engine piston's travel
combustion engine, the term stroke has the following related meanings: A phase of the engine's cycle (e.g. compression stroke, exhaust stroke), during which
Stroke_(engine)
Internal combustion engine type
A four-stroke (also four-cycle) engine is an internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning
Four-stroke_engine
Internal combustion engine type
A two-stroke (or two-stroke cycle) engine is a type of internal combustion engine that completes a power cycle with two strokes of the piston, one up
Two-stroke_engine
Internal combustion engine designs
six-stroke engine is one of several alternative internal combustion engine designs that attempt to improve on traditional two-stroke and four-stroke engines
Six-stroke_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
Power Stroke, also known as Powerstroke, is a family of diesel engines that were produced by Navistar International from 1994 until 2010, and by Ford Motor
Ford_Power_Stroke_engine
Mechanical measurement
following terms are used to label bore/stroke ratio: A square engine has equal bore and stroke dimensions, giving a bore/stroke value of exactly 1:1. 1953 – Ferrari
Stroke_ratio
Engine type
A two-stroke diesel engine is a diesel engine that uses compression ignition in a two-stroke combustion cycle. It was invented by Hugo Güldner in 1899
Two-stroke_diesel_engine
Engine in which fuel combusts with an oxidizer
familiar two-stroke and four-stroke piston engines, along with variants, such as the six-stroke piston engine and the Wankel rotary engine. A second class
Internal_combustion_engine
Conceptual engine
The five-stroke engine is a compound internal combustion engine patented by Gerhard Schmitz in 2000. The goal of the five-stroke engine is to achieve higher
Five-stroke_engine
Internal combustion engine
chamber on the compression stroke of the engine. Most hot-bulb engines were produced as one or two-cylinder, low-speed two-stroke, crankcase-scavenged units
Hot-bulb_engine
Heat engine using reciprocating pistons
cylinder by this stroke. The exception is the Stirling engine, which repeatedly heats and cools the same sealed quantity of gas. The stroke is simply the
Reciprocating_engine
Volume swept by all of the pistons
whole engine. The formula is: Displacement = stroke length × π ( bore 2 ) 2 × number of cylinders {\displaystyle {\text{Displacement}}={\text{stroke length}}\times
Engine_displacement
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
timing developed by Volkswagen Group in 2011. They all include a four-stroke engine and dual overhead camshaft drive into exhaust manifolds. By 2017, the
Volkswagen_EA211_engine
Type of engine
advances in engine and vehicle design. Compared with straight-four engines, which always have a cylinder on its power stroke, straight-three engines have intervals
Straight-three_engine
two-strokes for longer than most. Their first four-stroke engine was the SOHC F8A, which appeared in 1977. Suzuki continued to offer a two-stroke engine in
List_of_Suzuki_engines
Two-and-four stroke engines
four-stroke engines are engines that combine elements from both two-stroke and four-stroke engines. They usually incorporate two pistons. The M4+2 engine,
Two-_and_four-stroke_engines
Device used to start an internal combustion engine
the next cycle. In a four-stroke engine, the third stroke releases energy from the fuel, powering the fourth (exhaust) stroke and also the first two (intake
Starter_(engine)
Thermodynamic cycle
that had a short compression stroke and a longer expansion stroke. The first Atkinson-cycle engine, the differential engine, used opposed pistons. The second
Atkinson_cycle
Crankshaft housing in reciprocating combustion engines
a piston engine that surrounds the crankshaft. In most modern engines, the crankcase is integrated into the engine block. Two-stroke engines typically
Crankcase
Brand of internal combustion engines
the world's largest producers of light piston engines. Rotax four-stroke and advanced two-stroke engines are used in a wide variety of small land, sea
Rotax
Combustion engine using disks compressing fuel in the same cylinder
opposed-piston engines include Cummins, Achates Power, and Fairbanks-Morse Defense (FMDefense). Compared to contemporary two-stroke engines, which use a
Opposed-piston_engine
Scottish engineer (1854–1932)
was a Scottish engineer who designed the world's first successful two-stroke engine in 1878 and patented it in England in 1881. He was a graduate of Anderson's
Dugald_Clerk
Series of V8 engines built by Chrysler
design. All Chrysler FirePower engines are oversquare; i.e. their bore is larger than their stroke. This first FirePower engine, used from 1951 to 1955, has
Chrysler_Hemi_engine
Type of internal combustion engine that uses compression to create combustion
diesel engines put in service are 14-cylinder, two-stroke marine diesel engines; they produce a peak power of almost 100 MW each. Diesel engines may be
Diesel_engine
Diameter of a piston engine cylinder
In a piston engine, the bore (or cylinder bore) is the diameter of each cylinder. Engine displacement is calculated based on bore, stroke length and the
Bore_(engine)
Engine designed for use in powered aircraft
is a type of rotary engine. The Wankel engine is about one half the weight and size of a traditional four-stroke cycle piston engine of equal power output
Aircraft_engine
Type of motor oil
use in crankcase compression two-stroke engines, typical of small gasoline-powered engines. Unlike a four-stroke engine, the crankcase of which is closed
Two-stroke_oil
All-terrain vehicle
combined a lightweight frame and good handling with a liquid-cooled two-stroke engine and six-speed close-ratio transmission. Although only being manufactured
Honda_TRX250R
Piston engine with one cylinder
trimmers). Single-cylinder engines are made both as 4-strokes and 2-strokes. Compared with multi-cylinder engines, single-cylinder engines are usually simpler
Single-cylinder_engine
Type of internal combustion engine
downwards toward bottom dead centre during the intake stroke. Owing to innate restriction in the engine's inlet tract, which includes the intake manifold,
Naturally_aspirated_engine
Valve where rotation of passages in a plug controls flow direction
Loading sample on chromatography columns. Certain types of two-stroke and four-stroke engines. Most hydraulic automotive power steering control valves. In
Rotary_valve
Type of motorcycle
features a 150 cc engine capable of a listed maximum speed of 59 mph (95 km/h). The LX 150, like all modern Vespa scooters features a 4-stroke single overhead
Piaggio_Vespa_LX
Large stationary single-cylinder internal combustion four-stroke engine
The Otto engine is a large stationary single-cylinder internal combustion four-stroke engine, designed by the German Nicolaus Otto. It was a low-RPM machine
Otto_engine
Mixture formation system
plug. To achieve this, a stratified charge engine injects fuel during the later stages of the compression stroke. A "swirl cavity" in the top of the piston
Gasoline_direct_injection
Combustion engine block tube in which a piston operates
rigidity of the engine. Bore (engine) Cylinder (locomotive) Engine displacement Internal combustion engine Steam engine Stroke (engine) Brain, Marshall
Cylinder_(engine)
Retarding forces within an engine used to slow a vehicle
with real engine braking; it is used mainly in large diesel trucks and works by opening the exhaust valves at the top of the compression stroke, so the
Engine_braking
Car model
also one of the last West German production cars equipped with a two-stroke engine, the last being the Goggomobil. The last European built Auto Union 1000
DKW_F102
Final production series model produced by Trabant (1990–1991)
Zwickau. Unlike its predecessors, which have a two-stroke engine, the Trabant 1.1 has a four-stroke engine. In total, 39,474 units of the Trabant 1.1 were
Trabant_1.1
Motor vehicle
the two-stroke engine became increasingly uncompetitive in the US market due to emissions regulations, a switch to the Ford Taunus V4 engine was made
Saab_Sonett
Type of motorcycle
twin-cylinder four-stroke engine, and produced since late 2023. The RS457 benefits from an aluminium perimeter frame, with the engine being structural to
Aprilia_RS457
Motor vehicle
bodywork, four-passenger seating and at first a two-stroke, three-cylinder engine, later a four-stroke V4. Compared with its predecessor, the Saab 93, the
Saab_96
Internal combustion engine designed to run on gasoline
George Brayton in 1873. Most petrol engines use either the four-stroke Otto cycle or the two-stroke cycle. Petrol engines have also been produced using the
Petrol_engine
Type of motorcycle
provides the force needed to start the 48cc two stroke engine, or can be ridden like a bicycle when the engine is disengaged. The later models feature a kick
Puch_Maxi
Brand of Russian motorcycles
2-cylinder, 2-stroke engine, 24 hp IZh Planeta-7 – 249 cc, 1-cylinder, 4-stroke engine, 20 hp IZh Springbok (1997–) – 249 cc, 1-cylinder, 4-stroke engine, 21 hp
IZh_(motorcycle)
East German automobile brand
galvanized steel unibody chassis, front-wheel drive, a transverse two-stroke engine, and independent suspension. Because this 1950s design remained largely
Trabant
to give an even firing sequence for a four-stroke engine, an even number indicates a two- or four-row engine. The largest of these was the Lycoming R-7755
Component parts of internal combustion engines
Component_parts_of_internal_combustion_engines
Swedish automobile engine
The Saab two-stroke was a two-stroke cycle, inline, two cylinder, and later three cylinder engine manufactured by Swedish automotive manufacturer Saab
Saab_two-stroke
Internal combustion engine
Benelli 750 Sei motorcycle engine to the 10,972.2 L (669,565 cu in) Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C two-stroke marine diesel engine. Due to its well-balanced configuration
Straight-six_engine
Type of internal combustion engine
bank. It is a rare configuration, which has been mostly used in two-stroke engines for motorcycles competing in Grand Prix motorcycle racing. The first
V3_engine
Automobile engine
its original two-stroke engine. Since the Saab 96 was used for rallying it was also tuned. In the rally versions it was bored and stroked to 1.8 and 1.9 L
Ford_Taunus_V4_engine
Type of internal combustion engine
in conventional internal combustion engines. Conventionally, a four-stroke (petrol or gasoline) Otto cycle engine is fueled by drawing a mixture of air
Stratified_charge_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
VT engines were used by Ford Motor Company in several vehicles, sold as the second and third generations of the Ford Power Stroke diesel engine family
Navistar_VT_engine
Type of valve
In internal combustion engines, a poppet valve (also sometimes called mushroom valve) is a valve typically used to control the timing and quantity of
Poppet_valve
Combustion engine using an eccentric rotary design
form, the Wankel engine has lower thermal efficiency and higher exhaust emissions relative to the four-stroke reciprocating engine. This thermal inefficiency
Wankel_engine
Inline piston engine with two cylinders
engines use 180 degree crankshafts. Two-stroke engines typically use a 180 degree crankshaft, since this results in two evenly-spaced power strokes per
Straight-twin_engine
Racing ATV
a lightweight fully suspended frame with a 249cc liquid cooled two stroke engine. Nicknamed by Suzuki as the QuadRacer, it revolutionized the (ATV industry)
Suzuki_LT250R
Italian motorcycle manufacturer
fastest single cylinder four-stroke 250cc racer to this day. In 1973, Moto Morini launched its first 72-degree V-twin engined motorcycles, designed by Franco
Moto_Morini
Sequence of cylinder ignition in a piston engine
operated. In a diesel engine, the firing order corresponds to the order in which fuel is injected into each cylinder. Four-stroke engines must also time the
Firing_order
Type of piston engine valvetrain design
An overhead valve engine, abbreviated (OHV) and sometimes called a pushrod engine, is a piston engine whose valves are located in the cylinder head above
Overhead_valve_engine
Process used in internal combustion engines
Scavenging is equally important for both two-stroke and four-stroke engines. Most modern four-stroke engines use crossflow cylinder heads and valve timing
Scavenging_(engine)
Type of motorcycle
buying and building Blasters that compete with modern day four-strokes. Its two-stroke engine is easily modified and a large aftermarket now exists for the
Yamaha_Blaster
Type of motorcycle
critics complained about the noise level of the large water cooled two stroke engine, which had a catalytic converter. EP 0757950 A2 - Patent - Thomas Krens
Italjet_Dragster
Exhaust-powered forced-induction device for engines
Use of superchargers began in 1878, when several supercharged two-stroke gas engines were built using a design by Scottish engineer Dugald Clerk. Then
Turbocharger
Type of two-stroke internal combustion engine
The split-single engine (British English; twingle engine in U.S. English) is a type of two-stroke internal combustion engine where two cylinders share
Split-single_engine
Reciprocating engine with a rotating crankcase
into the cylinders already mixed with air, as in a conventional four-stroke engine. Although the spinning crankcase precluded the use of a conventional
Rotary_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
464.8 cc (28.4 cu in) per cylinder with a 0.90:1 stroke ratio creating an undersquare/long stroke engine. The top of each piston was angled to accommodate
VR5_engine
Machine component used to compress or contain expanding fluids in a cylinder
mounted within the piston: unlike the steam engine, there is no piston rod or crosshead (except big two stroke engines). The typical piston design is on the
Piston
Timing of the release of a spark in a combustion engine
chamber reaches its minimum size, since the purpose of the power stroke in the engine is to force the combustion chamber to expand. Sparks occurring after
Ignition_timing
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
298 cc) 4-valve DOHC engine mainly for Daihatsu products, including OEM-supplied Toyota bB/Cami/Avanza and Subaru Dex, with bore and stroke of 72.0mm × 79.7mm
Toyota_SZ_engine
1956–1991 automobile brand of VEB Automobilwerk Eisenach
two-stroke engine with only seven major moving parts: three pistons, three connecting rods and one crankshaft. The Wartburg 1.3 featured a four-stroke, four-cylinder
Wartburg_(marque)
Timing of valve closing in engines
and in a steam engine they are usually slide valves or piston valves. In four-stroke cycle engines and some two-stroke cycle engines, the valve timing
Valve_timing
Premier championship of motorcycle road racing
whether the engine was a two-stroke or four-stroke. This is unlike TT Formula or motocross, where two and four strokes had different engine size limits
Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing
Piston engine configuration
be added in order to increase the capacity of the engine without adding to its diameter. Four-stroke radials have an odd number of cylinders per row, so
Radial_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
most share a common stroke dimension: 3.4375 in (87.31 mm) for early Rockets, 3.6875 in (93.66 mm) for later Generation 1 engines, and 3.385 in (86.0 mm)
Oldsmobile_V8_engine
Valvetrain configuration
An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine in which the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts
Overhead_camshaft_engine
Inventor of the internal combustion engine
in making the Four Stroke, Compressed Charge engine. It is this engine (the Otto Silent Engine), and not the Otto & Langen engine, to which the "Otto
Nicolaus_Otto
the crankshaft is arranged such that the engine pistons pass through top dead centre during the swinging stroke. As the ignition system is normally arranged
Aircraft_engine_starting
Lubrication system on a two-stroke engine
called autolube or auto-lube) refers to a lubrication system on a two-stroke engine, in which the oil is automatically mixed with fuel and manual oil-fuel
Automatic_lubrication
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
four-stroke engine using aluminum alloy for the block, cylinder head and pistons. A 74 mm × 77 mm (2.91 in × 3.03 in) bore and stroke give the engine a total
Suzuki_G_engine
Mechanism for converting reciprocating motion to rotation
torque of an engine is to increase the stroke, sometimes known as "stroking" the engine. Historically, the trade-off for a long-stroke engine was a lower
Crankshaft
Inline piston engine with four cylinders
four-stroke inline-four engine always has a cylinder on its power stroke, unlike engines with fewer cylinders where there is no power stroke occurring at certain
Straight-four_engine
Type of motorcycle
The Yamaha RX-K 135 is a two-stroke engine motorcycle manufactured by the Yamaha Motor Company in Southeast Asia. It was also known as RX-King in Indonesia
Yamaha_RX-King_135
Type of internal combustion engine
An interference engine is a type of 4-stroke internal combustion piston engine in which one or more valves in the fully open position extends into any
Interference_engine
Measure of an engine's capacity to do work
number of cycles per revolution (for a 4-stroke engine, i = 0.5 {\displaystyle i=0.5} , for a 2-stroke engine, i = 1 {\displaystyle i=1} ); n {\displaystyle
Mean_effective_pressure
Line of all-terrain vehicles
(185 kg), 1981-1984 - 430 lb (200 kg) Engine: Piston port two-stroke single Bore: 70 mm (2.8 in), 78.5 mm (3.09 in) Stroke: 64.4 mm (2.54 in) Displacement:
Honda_Odyssey_(ATV)
Systems for generating thrust for ships and boats on water
marine steam engine, introduced in the early 19th century. During the 20th century it was replaced by two-stroke or four-stroke diesel engines, outboard
Marine_propulsion
Motor vehicle
new top-of-the-line ATV using their largest ATV liquid-cooled four-stroke engine. The Rincon was the first ATV to feature an automotive-style automatic
Honda_Rincon
Type of internal combustion engine
The split-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine. In a conventional Otto cycle engine, each cylinder performs four strokes per cycle: intake
Split-cycle_engine
Part of a piston engine lubrication system
In some engines this mixture may also be independently pre-injected into the engine cylinders and bearings by a pump. Four-stroke engines and large
Wet_sump
engine in 1872. In 1876, Nicolaus Otto, working with Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, patented the compressed charge, four-stroke cycle engine.
History of the internal combustion engine
History_of_the_internal_combustion_engine
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
their automobiles. This engine was Suzuki's first four-stroke car engine when it first appeared in 1977. The smallest F engine family with 543 cc of displacement
Suzuki_F_engine
Thermodynamic cycle for spark ignition piston engines
Otto engines are called four-stroke engines. The intake stroke and compression stroke require one rotation of the engine crankshaft. The power stroke and
Otto_cycle
Low-powered internal combustion engine
is a single-cylinder engines that is air-cooled. The combustion cycle can be either two-stroke (which results in a lighter engine for a given power output
Small_engine
Medium-sized family car produced by AWE
were ultimately derived from a 1938 DKW design and powered by a two-stroke engine with only seven major moving parts: three pistons, three connecting
Wartburg_353
Reciprocating internal combustion engine
an undersquare 57.92 mm × 76.2 mm (2.280 in × 3.000 in) bore and stroke. This engine was produced from 1952 to 1956. Applications: 1952–56 Austin A30
BMC_A-series_engine
Type of steam engine
balance can be upset causing seizure mid-stroke, which can lead to engine damage or destruction. The uniflow engine was first used in Britain in 1827 by Jacob
Uniflow_steam_engine
Straight-4 cylinder engine from 1980
Applications: 1992–1993 W201 190E 1.7 The M102.920 was a 2.0 L engine with an bore and stroke 89 mm × 80.25 mm (3.504 in × 3.159 in). Equipped with a Stromberg
Mercedes-Benz_M102_engine
Type of two-stroke engine
two-stroke power valve system is an improvement to a conventional two-stroke engine that gives a high power output over a wider RPM range. A stroke is
Two-stroke_power_valve_system
Model of Honda motorcycle
Introduced to compete against rival two-stroke small capacity motorcycles, the Honda 70 had a Four stroke engine with a displacement of 72 cc (4.4 cu in)
Honda_CD70
Flammable substances added to aid engine combustion
regular use with some two-stroke engines because it does not possess lubricating qualities by itself. Lubrication for two-stroke engines is achieved using oil
Starting_fluid
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