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Theory of subatomic structure
In physics, string theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called
String_theory
Quantum description of black holes
advanced as the ultimate building blocks of matter and light. Under string theory, strings are bundles of energy vibrating in complex ways in both the
Fuzzball_(string_theory)
Theory of strings with supersymmetry
'Superstring theory' is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that accounts
Superstring_theory
Collection of possible string theory vacua
In string theory, the string theory landscape (or landscape of vacua) is the collection of possible false vacua, together comprising a collective "landscape"
String_theory_landscape
The history of string theory spans several decades of intense research including two superstring revolutions. Through the combined efforts of many researchers
History_of_string_theory
Formalism in string theory
String field theory (SFT) is a formalism in string theory in which the dynamics of relativistic strings is reformulated in the language of quantum field
String_field_theory
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up string theory in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. String theory is a branch of theoretical physics. String theory may also refer to: Concatenation
String theory (disambiguation)
String_theory_(disambiguation)
26-dimensional string theory
Bosonic string theory is the original version of string theory, developed in the late 1960s. It is so called because it contains only bosons in the spectrum
Bosonic_string_theory
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
String Theory Vol. I: An Introduction to the Bosonic String, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-63303-1 Polchinski, Joseph (1998b), String Theory
General_relativity
Hypothetical physical concept
a type of string that vibrates one way, while the up quark is a type of string vibrating another way, and so forth). String theory/M-theory proposes six
Theory_of_everything
Theory proposed by Roger Penrose
Twistor string theory was extended first by generalising the RSV Yang–Mills amplitude formula, and then by finding the underlying string theory. The extension
Twistor_theory
Physics concept of subatomic structure
In string theory, a heterotic string is a closed string (or loop) which is a hybrid ('heterotic') of a superstring and a bosonic string. There are two
Heterotic_string_theory
Attraction of masses and energy
weaker as objects get farther away. Gravity is described by the general theory of relativity, proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915, which describes gravity
Gravity
Framework of superstring theory
Edward Witten first conjectured the existence of such a theory at a string theory conference at the University of Southern California in 1995. Witten's
M-theory
Flexible structure made from fibers twisted together
term, including strings in computer science, cosmic strings, and string theory. String, along with twine and other cordage, was used in prehistoric times
String
Theory in theoretical physics
In theoretical physics, topological string theory is a version of string theory. Topological string theory appeared in papers by theoretical physicists
Topological_string_theory
In physics and geometry: conjectured relation between pairs of Calabi–Yau manifolds
but are nevertheless equivalent when employed as extra dimensions of string theory. Early cases of mirror symmetry were discovered by physicists. Mathematicians
Mirror symmetry (string theory)
Mirror_symmetry_(string_theory)
Description of gravity using discrete values
gravity, such as string theory, try to develop a framework that describes all fundamental forces. Such a theory is often referred to as a theory of everything
Quantum_gravity
Field theory in physics that aims to unify the fundamental forces and particles
In physics, a unified field theory (UFT) is a type of field theory that allows all fundamental forces of nature, including gravity, and all elementary
Unified_field_theory
Principle in theoretical physics
The holographic principle is a property of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of
Holographic_principle
Hypothetical group of multiple universes
different kind has been envisaged within string theory and its higher-dimensional extension, M-theory. These theories require the presence of 10 or 11 spacetime
Multiverse
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
required in string theory. Loop quantum gravity, like string theory, also aims to overcome the nonrenormalizable divergences of quantum field theories. LQG does
Loop_quantum_gravity
American television sitcom (2007–2019)
sixteen. He is a theoretical physicist researching quantum mechanics and string theory, and, despite his IQ of 187, he finds many routine aspects of social
The_Big_Bang_Theory
Theoretical framework in physics
(2005). String Theory. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-67227-6. Schwarz, John H. (2012-01-04). "The Early History of String Theory and
Quantum_field_theory
Theories trying to extend known physics
as string theory, M-theory, and extra dimensions. As these theories tend to reproduce the entirety of current phenomena, the question of which theory is
Physics beyond the Standard Model
Physics_beyond_the_Standard_Model
2021 studio album by A Flock of Seagulls with the Slovenian Symphonic Film Orchestra
String Theory is the collaborative second album by the English band A Flock of Seagulls, recorded with the Slovenian Symphonic Film Orchestra. Released
String Theory (A Flock of Seagulls album)
String_Theory_(A_Flock_of_Seagulls_album)
Hypothetical physical entity
In physics, a string is a physical entity postulated in string theory and related subjects. Unlike elementary particles, which are zero-dimensional or
String_(physics)
American theoretical physicist (born 1940)
Institute for Theoretical Physics. His research interests are string theory, quantum field theory, quantum statistical mechanics and quantum cosmology. He
Leonard_Susskind
Speculative feature of the early universe
prediction in both quantum field theory and string theory models of the early universe. The prototypical example of a field theory with cosmic strings is the
Cosmic_string
and general theories of relativity. An elemental force carrier of gravity is hypothesized in quantum gravity approaches such as string theory, in a potentially
History of gravitational theory
History_of_gravitational_theory
Aspect of theoretical physics
physics, type II string theory is a unified term that includes both type IIA strings and type IIB strings theories. Type II string theory accounts for two
Type_II_string_theory
Duality between theories of gravity on anti-de Sitter space and conformal field theories
theories of quantum gravity, formulated in terms of string theory or M-theory. On the other side of the correspondence are conformal field theories (CFT)
AdS/CFT_correspondence
Classical statement of gravity as force
gravity, there were many theories explaining gravity. Philosophers made observations about things falling down − and developed theories why they do – as early
Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's_law_of_universal_gravitation
Compact astronomical body
on string theory, states that black holes are actually made up of quantum microstates and need not have a singularity or an event horizon. The theory of
Black_hole
American pop-rock band
"Hanson Announce New Album 'String Theory' & Tour Dates: Details". Billboard. Retrieved August 14, 2018. "Hanson Launch String Theory". Hanson. Retrieved July
Hanson_(band)
Symmetry between bosons and fermions
part of string theory, a possible theory of everything. There are two types of string theory, supersymmetric string theory or superstring theory, and non-supersymmetric
Supersymmetry
Proposed theories of gravity
relativity are physical theories that attempt to describe the phenomenon of gravitation in competition with Einstein's theory of general relativity. There
Alternatives to general relativity
Alternatives_to_general_relativity
Comprehensive physical model
of SO(10). In some forms of string theory, including E8 × E8 heterotic string theory, the resultant four-dimensional theory after spontaneous compactification
Grand_Unified_Theory
American theoretical physicist (born 1955)
gravity, loop quantum gravity and string theory, can be reconciled as different aspects of the same underlying theory. He also advocates an alternative
Lee_Smolin
Unified field theory
theory is named after Theodor Kaluza and Oskar Klein. It is not supported by experiments, but is a precursor to supergravity and modern string theory
Kaluza–Klein_theory
American theoretical physicist
mathematician who works in twistor theory. He works in the mathematics department at Columbia University. A critic of string theory, Woit has published the book
Peter_Woit
Aspect of theoretical physics
Twistor string theory is an equivalence between N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory and the perturbative topological B model string theory in twistor
Twistor_string_theory
Property of a mathematical space
dimensions Bosonic string theory 32 dimensions Trigintaduonion Higher dimensions Vector space Plane of rotation Curse of dimensionality String theory Infinite Hilbert
Dimension
Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe
In 2002, some proponents of the leading candidate for a "theory of everything", string theory, proclaimed "the end of the anthropic principle" since there
Anthropic_principle
Identifiable collection of matter
are always extended in at least one dimension of space as in string theory or M theory. In some branches of psychology, depending on school of thought
Physical_object
Field theory linked to string theory
field theory in theoretical physics refers to formalisms that capture the T-duality property of string theory as a manifest symmetry of a field theory. In
Double_field_theory
2018 studio album by Hanson
String Theory is the seventh studio album and first double album by Hanson, released on November 9, 2018, featuring the Prague Symphony performing string
String_Theory_(Hanson_album)
Energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe
cosmological constant is consistent with simple interpretations of string theory, in which our universe is a false vacuum with a positive cosmological
Dark_energy
Modern theory of gravitation that combines supersymmetry and general relativity
obligatory gauge symmetry in type I and heterotic string theories, and obtained in type II string theory by compactification on certain Calabi–Yau manifolds
Supergravity
American theoretical physicist
theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, topological quantum field theory, and various areas of mathematics. He is a professor
Edward_Witten
Precursor physical model to string theory and quantum chromodynamics
field theory. But in the guise of string theory, S-matrix theory is still a popular approach to the problem of quantum gravity. The S-matrix theory is related
S-matrix_theory
Fictional character from Quantum Leap
at MIT, Sam and his mentor, Professor Sebastian LoNigro, developed a string theory of time travel ("Her Charm"; see below). Sam went through four years
Sam_Beckett
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
determined by the vibrational state of the string. In string theory, one of the many vibrational states of the string corresponds to the graviton, a quantum
Quantum_mechanics
Branch of physics
mirror symmetry (string theory), which although nowadays is a major research topic in pure mathematics, originated from string theory compactifications
Theoretical_physics
Set of equations that describe superstring theory in a non-perturbative framework
physics, matrix string theory is a set of equations that describe superstring theory in a non-perturbative framework. Type IIA string theory can be shown
Matrix_string_theory
Unique string of length zero
formal language theory, the empty string, also known as the empty word or null string, is the unique string of length zero. Formally, a string is a finite
Empty_string
string theory Type IIB string theory Heterotic string N=2 superstring M-theory Matrix theory Introduction to M-theory F-theory String field theory Matrix
List_of_string_theory_topics
Physics conference held annually
conferences on the topic of string theory and quantum gravity, held annually since 1988. It is a key event for the string theory community. In 2004, it gathered
Strings_(conference)
Block: String Theory at Rodan Boomkat: String Theory - Anhedonia String Theory Discography Allmusic: String Theory's Radiovalerian String Theory Website
String_Theory_(band)
Classical theory of gravitation
theoretical physics, the Einstein–Cartan theory, also known as the Einstein–Cartan–Sciama–Kibble theory, is a classical theory of gravitation, one of several alternatives
Einstein–Cartan_theory
Physical theory with fields invariant under the action of local "gauge" Lie groups
forces of nature, and is a gauge theory with the gauge group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1). Modern theories like string theory, as well as general relativity, are
Gauge_theory
Study of subatomic particles and forces
physics theory is not solved; many theories have addressed this problem, such as loop quantum gravity, string theory and supersymmetry theory. Experimental
Particle_physics
Aspect of theoretical physics
In theoretical physics, type I string theory is one of five consistent supersymmetric string theories in ten dimensions. It is the only one whose strings
Type_I_string_theory
Unsolved problem in physics
researchers showed that UV/IR mixing could resolve the hierarchy problem in string theory. In physical cosmology, current observations in favor of an accelerating
Hierarchy_problem
Branch of mathematics
spaces find uses in string theory. In particular, worldsheets of strings are modelled by Riemann surfaces, and superstring theory predicts that the extra
Geometry
Candidate "Theory of Everything"
the 1980s, a new mathematical model of theoretical physics, called string theory, emerged. It showed how all the different subatomic particles known
Introduction_to_M-theory
Subatomic particle having no substructure
sweeps out something called a world sheet. String theory predicts 1- to 10-branes (a 1-brane being a string and a 10-brane being a 10-dimensional object)
Elementary_particle
Study of abstract machines and automata
automata theory. An automata simulator takes as input the description of an automaton and then simulates its working for an arbitrary input string. The description
Automata_theory
This page is a glossary of terms in string theory, including related areas such as supergravity, supersymmetry, and high energy physics. Contents: Conventions
Glossary_of_string_theory
British physicist (1902–1984)
forth his large numbers hypothesis. Dirac is seen as having anticipated string theory, with his work on the Dirac membrane and Dirac–Born–Infeld action, both
Paul_Dirac
Theoretical (d–1)-dimensional singularity
In string theory, a domain wall is a theoretical (d−1)-dimensional singularity. A domain wall is meant to represent an object of codimension one embedded
Domain_wall_(string_theory)
Generalized manifold
Orbifolding is therefore a general procedure of string theory to derive a new string theory from an old string theory in which the elements of G have been identified
Orbifold
Extended physical object in string theory
Look up brane in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In string theory and related theories (such as supergravity), a brane is a physical object that generalizes
Brane
Low energy theories not compatible with string theory
low-energy physical theories which are not compatible with quantum gravity. This is in contrast with the so-called "string theory landscape" that are
Swampland_(physics)
Tensor field in Riemannian geometry
connection. It is a central mathematical tool in the theory of general relativity, the modern theory of gravity. The curvature of spacetime is in principle
Riemann_curvature_tensor
Spanish theoretical physicist (born 1955)
Álvarez-Gaumé (born 1955) is a Spanish theoretical physicist who works on string theory and quantum gravity. Luis Álvarez-Gaumé obtained his PhD in 1981 from
Luis_Álvarez-Gaumé
Branch of string theory
theoretical physics, F-theory is a branch of string theory developed by Iranian-American physicist Cumrun Vafa. The new vacua described by F-theory were discovered
F-theory
All that exists
M-theory, which is described in many sectors by matrix string theory, and in many other sectors by perturbative string theory, is the complete theory of
Everything
the Star Trek: Destiny miniseries by David Mack. Star Trek: Voyager – String Theory was published on the tenth-anniversary of the television series premiere
List of Star Trek: Voyager novels
List_of_Star_Trek:_Voyager_novels
English new wave and synth-pop band
temporarily to record another album with the Prague Philharmonic Orchestra, String Theory. The band A Flock of Seagulls was formed in Liverpool, in 1979 by Mike
A_Flock_of_Seagulls
Math theory of strings of symbols
Concatenation theory, also called string theory, character-string theory, or theoretical syntax, studies character strings over finite alphabets of characters
Concatenation_theory
Topological quantum field theory
context of string theory, a U(N) Chern–Simons theory on an oriented Lagrangian 3-submanifold M of a 6-manifold X arises as the string field theory of open
Chern–Simons_theory
248-dimensional exceptional simple Lie group
physics and especially in string theory and supergravity. E8×E8 is the gauge group of one of the two types of heterotic string and is one of two anomaly-free
E8_(mathematics)
Set of mathematical concepts in quantum gravity
the Planck length. Each theory of quantum gravity uses the term "quantum geometry" in a slightly different fashion. String theory uses quantum geometry
Quantum_geometry
Season of television series
Retrieved February 2, 2008. Weiss, Joanna (March 4, 2007). "Heroes conspiracy theory isn't Lost on series' fans – The Boston Globe". Boston.com. Retrieved May
Heroes_season_1
Hypothetical black hole formed soon after the Big Bang
now. But if there were a fourth spatial dimension – as predicted by string theory – it would affect how gravity acts on small scales and "slow down the
Primordial_black_hole
Swedish musician (born 1978)
the album The Göteborg String Theory Album, in April 2010. González continued his collaboration with the Göteborg String Theory in 2011. Nackt wrote eleven
José_González_(singer)
2006 string theory book by Lee Smolin
of String Theory, the Fall of a Science, and What Comes Next is a 2006 book by the theoretical physicist Lee Smolin about the problems with string theory
The_Trouble_with_Physics
International science award since 2012
2012). "Biggest science prize takes web tycoon from social networks to string theory". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 1, 2022. Retrieved
Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics
Breakthrough_Prize_in_Fundamental_Physics
Geometric space with six dimensions
1997 another string theory has come to light that works in six dimensions. Little string theories are non-gravitational string theories in five and six
Six-dimensional_space
Russian-American theoretical physicist
made by Linde was related to what is now called the theory of inflationary multiverse, or string theory landscape. In 1982–1983, Steinhardt, Linde and Alexander
Andrei_Linde
Concept of universality in physical science
meaning is. One attempt to formulate string theory in a manifestly background-independent fashion is string field theory, but little progress has been made
Background_independence
Fictional form of water
organic life on planet Earth". Theoretical physicist and expert on string theory Leonard Susskind, in his book The Cosmic Landscape, calls Cat's Cradle
Ice-nine
Units defined only by physical constants
Approaches to this problem include string theory and M-theory, loop quantum gravity, noncommutative geometry, and causal set theory. In Big Bang cosmology, the
Planck_units
Hypothesis proposing a modification of Newton's laws
More unsolved problems in physics Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's laws to account for observed properties
Modified_Newtonian_dynamics
American mathematician and billionaire (1938–2024)
the development of string theory by providing a theoretical framework to combine geometry and topology with quantum field theory. In 1994, Simons and
Jim_Simons
American theoretical physicist (born 1963)
February 9, 1963) is an American physicist known for his research on string theory. He is a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University
Brian_Greene
physics, little string theory is a non-gravitational non-local theory in six spacetime dimensions that can be obtained as an effective theory of NS5-branes
Little_string_theory
Transforming a function in such a way that it only takes a single argument
many other structures, including quantum mechanics, cobordisms, and string theory. The concept of currying was introduced by Gottlob Frege, developed
Currying
Field theory involving topological effects in physics
quantum Hall states, string-net condensed states, and other strongly correlated quantum liquid states. In a topological field theory, correlation functions
Topological quantum field theory
Topological_quantum_field_theory
STRING THEORY
STRING THEORY
Girl/Female
Indian
Lively, Entertainer, From a stream or a Spring, The Spring season, The Spring season
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Spring.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English strong, strang ‘strong’, generally a nickname for a strong man but perhaps sometimes applied ironically to a weakling.French : translation of Trahand, a metonymic occupational name for a silkworker who drew out the thread from the cocoons (see Trahan).Translation of Ashkenazic Jewish Stark.
Female
Romanian
Feminine form of Romanian Sorin, SORINA means "sun."
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Strong
Boy/Male
British, English
Spike of Grain
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Bengali, British, Christian, English, Indian
Springtime; Spring Season; Rapid Movement
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Powerful
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Oxfordshire and West Sussex named Goring, from Old English GÄringas ‘people of GÄra’, a short form of the various compound names with the first element gÄr ‘spear’.German (Göring) : see Goering.
Female
English
English variant spelling of Latin Serena, SERINA means "serene, tranquil."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. Early examples, as for example William Spring (Yorkshire 1280), all point to a personal name or nickname, perhaps going back to an Old English byname derived from the verb springan ‘to jump or leap’ (see Springer 1). Alternatively, it could be a topographic name from Middle English spring ‘young wood’, ‘spring’. Compare Springer. Reaney derives the surname from the word denoting the season, although the word is not attested in this sense until the 16th century, the usual Middle English word being lenten. Compare Lenz. The surname has also been established in Ireland (County Kerry) for several centuries.German : from Middle High German sprinc, Middle Low German sprink ‘spring’, ‘well’, hence a topographic name for someone who lived by a spring or well, or habitational name from Springe near Hannover.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Springer.John Spring emigrated from England and settled in Watertown, MA, in 1634.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps be a nickname from Middle English daring ‘trembling’, ‘crouching or transfixed with fear’.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Serena, SARINA means "serene, tranquil."
Boy/Male
Assamese, Indian
Sining
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker of string or bow strings, from an agent derivative of Middle English streng ‘string’. In Yorkshire, where it is still particularly common, Redmonds argues that the surname may have been connected with iron working, a stringer having operated some form of specialist hearth.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of strings or bow strings, from Middle English streng ‘string’, ‘cord’.
Female
English
English name derived from the season name, "spring," (Mar. 21 thru Jun. 21), derived from the verb spring, "to burst forth," from Proto-Indo-European *sprengh-, SPRING means "rapid movement."Â
Surname or Lastname
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from Middle High German hærinc ‘herring’, German Hering, a nickname for someone supposedly resembling a herring or a metonymic occupational name for a fish seller. In some cases the Jewish surname is ornamental.English : variant spelling of Herring.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Strong; Caring
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
STRING THEORY
STRING THEORY
Boy/Male
Muslim
Helper. Assister.
Girl/Female
Greek
Goddess of vengeance.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
From Earth; Friendly
Biblical
my vineyard; lamb of the waters
Girl/Female
Greek American French Latin Irish English
Pure.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Japanese
Water Spring; Fountain
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Light; Splendour
Boy/Male
Tamil
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name, apparently from Anglo-Norman French de la ‘from the’ + Middle English feld ‘open country used for pasture or tillage’. Sometimes, however, -field in a Norman name represents the French word ville ‘town’, so that this name may in fact be from French Delaville, a topographic name for someone who lived in a town.
Girl/Female
Irish American Celtic English
Ruler.
STRING THEORY
STRING THEORY
STRING THEORY
STRING THEORY
STRING THEORY
p. p.
of String
superl.
Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.
superl.
Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language.
superl.
Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible; impetuous; as, a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; a strong tide.
superl.
Having passive physical power; having ability to bear or endure; firm; hale; sound; robust; as, a strong constitution; strong health.
a.
Strong.
n.
A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender strip of leather, or other substance, used for binding together, fastening, or tying things; a cord, larger than a thread and smaller than a rope; as, a shoe string; a bonnet string; a silken string.
superl.
Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee.
v. t.
To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string beans. See String, n., 9.
n.
A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged; a succession; a concatenation; a chain; as, a string of shells or beads; a string of dried apples; a string of houses; a string of arguments.
superl.
Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat.
v. t.
To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin.
superl.
Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as, a strong custom; a strong belief.
superl.
Having great military or naval force; powerful; as, a strong army or fleet; a nation strong at sea.
superl.
Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan; a strong Whig or Tory.
a.
Consisting of strings, or small threads; fibrous; filamentous; as, a stringy root.
v. t.
To put on a string; to file; as, to string beads.
imp.
of String