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Metric that measures the distance between two strings of text
mathematics and computer science, a string metric (also known as a string similarity metric or string distance function) is a metric that measures distance ("inverse
String_metric
Computer science metric for string similarity
theory, linguistics, and computer science, the Levenshtein distance is a string metric for measuring the difference between two sequences. The Levenshtein
Levenshtein_distance
Computer science metric of string similarity
computational linguistics and computer science, edit distance is a string metric, i.e. a way of quantifying how dissimilar two strings (e.g., words)
Edit_distance
Metric in computer science
(named after Frederick J. Damerau and Vladimir I. Levenshtein) is a string metric for measuring the edit distance between two sequences. Informally, the
Damerau–Levenshtein_distance
Finding strings that approximately match a pattern
advances in approximate string matching based on an edit distance threshold. StringMetric project a Scala library of string metrics and phonetic algorithms
Approximate_string_matching
String distance measure
Jaro–Winkler similarity is a string metric measuring an edit distance between two sequences. It is a variant of the Jaro distance metric (1989, Matthew A. Jaro)
Jaro–Winkler_distance
Number of bits that differ between two strings
In a more general context, the Hamming distance is one of several string metrics for measuring the edit distance between two sequences. It is named after
Hamming_distance
Measure of similarity and diversity between sets
cluster analysis for grouping similar observations. This distance is a metric on the collection of all finite sets. There is also a version of the Jaccard
Jaccard_index
Sequence of characters, data type
long strings String interning - a method of storing only one copy of each distinct string value, which must be immutable. String metric — notions of similarity
String_(computer_science)
Mathematical space with a notion of distance
number of characters that need to be changed to get from one string to another. Metric spaces appear in many different branches of mathematics. For example
Metric_space
Statistic used for comparing the similarity of two samples
same outcome over binary vectors and also gives a more general similarity metric over vectors in general terms. For sets X and Y of keywords used in information
Dice-Sørensen_coefficient
Pair of positions in a sequence where two elements are out of sorted order
In computer science and discrete mathematics, an inversion in a sequence is a pair of elements that are out of their natural order. Let π {\displaystyle
Inversion (discrete mathematics)
Inversion_(discrete_mathematics)
Programming algorithm
reserve a matrix to hold the edit distances between all prefixes of the first string and all prefixes of the second, then we can compute the values in the matrix
Wagner–Fischer_algorithm
Topics referred to by the same term
objects Cosine similarity, which uses the angle between vectors String metric, also called string similarity Semantic similarity, in computational linguistics
Similarity
mining, a string kernel is a kernel function that operates on strings, i.e. finite sequences of symbols that need not be of the same length. String kernels
String_kernel
Computer science problem
science, a longest common substring of two or more strings is a longest string that is a substring of all of them. There may be more than one longest common
Longest_common_substring
Set of strings with few differences
combinatorics, a Hamming ball is a metric ball for Hamming distance. The Hamming ball of radius r {\displaystyle r} centered at a string x {\displaystyle x} over
Hamming_ball
Separation between two points
distance and the energy distance. In computer science, an edit distance or string metric between two strings measures how different they are. For example, the
Distance
26-dimensional string theory
embedding of the string in 25 +1 spacetime; in the Polyakov formulation, g {\displaystyle g} is not to be understood as the induced metric from the embedding
Bosonic_string_theory
Type of formal grammar
non-terminal symbols, a ∈ Σ is a terminal symbol, and ε denotes the empty string, i.e. the string of length 0. S is called the start symbol. In a left-regular grammar
Regular_grammar
Functional programming construct
token sequence (i.e., search and replace). Sequence patterns (e.g., a text string) are often described using regular expressions and matched using techniques
Pattern_matching
Riemannian manifold with SU(n) holonomy
compact Kähler manifolds with a vanishing first Chern class and a Ricci-flat metric, though many other similar but inequivalent definitions are sometimes used
Calabi–Yau_manifold
length n over the q-ary alphabet {0, 1, …, q − 1} of size q ≥ 2. It is a metric defined as ∑ i = 1 n min ( | x i − y i | , q − | x i − y i | ) . {\displaystyle
Lee_distance
Algorithm to transform a regular expression into a finite automaton
an NFA of m states and at most e transitions from each state can match a string of length n in time O(emn), a Thompson NFA can do pattern matching in linear
Thompson's_construction
Topics referred to by the same term
disc video/data format and predecessor to DVD Levenshtein distance, a string metric for measuring the difference between two sequences. Line Dubbed, a term
LD
Real-valued function that quantifies similarity between two objects
related fields, a similarity measure or similarity function or similarity metric is a real-valued function that quantifies the similarity between two objects
Similarity_measure
String-matching algorithm
Gestalt pattern matching, also Ratcliff/Obershelp pattern recognition, is a string-matching algorithm for determining the similarity of two strings. It was
Gestalt_pattern_matching
Diff and merge files on computers
document process Edit distance – Computer science metric of string similarity String metric – Metric that measures the distance between two strings of
File_comparison
Type of finite-state machine in automata theory
reachable from state r {\displaystyle r} by consuming the string x {\displaystyle x} . The string w {\displaystyle w} is accepted if some accepting state
Nondeterministic finite automaton
Nondeterministic_finite_automaton
Flexible structure made from fibers twisted together
String is a long flexible tool made from fibers twisted together into a single strand, or from multiple such strands which are in turn twisted together
String
Theory of subatomic structure
non-symmetric metric tensor, while much later Brans and Dicke added a scalar component to gravity. These ideas would be revived within string theory, where
String_theory
Algorithmic problem on pairs of sequences
Y^A) = LCS(X,Y)^A, for all strings X, Y and all symbols A, where ^ denotes string concatenation. This allows one to simplify the LCS computation for two sequences
Longest_common_subsequence
Data mining technique
general, sequence mining problems can be classified as string mining which is typically based on string processing algorithms and itemset mining which is typically
Sequential_pattern_mining
Data structure
substring indexes include: The suffix tree, a radix tree of the suffixes of the string, allowing substring search to be performed symbol-by-symbol The suffix automaton
Substring_index
Algorithm for indexing of words by their pronunciation
Structures. NIST. Algorithm for converting words to phonemes and back. StringMetric project a Scala library of phonetic algorithms. clj-fuzzy project a Clojure
Phonetic_algorithm
textual string metrics and semantic knowledge. These techniques are similar to those used in information integration employing string metrics from open
Ontology_merging
Similarity measure
the Jaccard index can be considered as making the SMC a fully redundant metric. The SMC remains, however, more computationally efficient in the case of
Simple_matching_coefficient
Season of American television series
time off and Charlie finally meets Amita's parents. Mathematics used: String metric and Gröbner basis 79 18 "When Worlds Collide" John Behring Nicolas Falacci
Numbers_season_4
Mathematical concept
In string theory, a worldsheet is a two-dimensional manifold which describes the embedding of a string in spacetime. The term was coined by Leonard Susskind
Worldsheet
Cohesive synthesis of information
technologies available to integrate information include deduplication, and string metrics which allow the detection of similar text in different data sources
Information_integration
Searching for patterns in compressed data
or no decompression. Searching in a compressed string is faster than searching an uncompressed string and requires less space. If the compressed file
Compressed_pattern_matching
Generalization of a black hole to higher dimensions
and Ricci scalar of the metric d s 2 = g μ ν d x μ d x ν . {\displaystyle ds^{2}=g_{\mu \nu }dx^{\mu }dx^{\nu }.} A black string is a higher dimensional
Black_brane
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
non-trivial exact solution to the Einstein field equations, the Schwarzschild metric. This solution laid the groundwork for the description of the final stages
General_relativity
Art made with thread strung between points
String art, pin and thread art, or filography is characterized by an arrangement of colored thread strung between points to form geometric patterns or
String_art
Standard for assessing computer system vulnerabilities
environmental metrics for vulnerabilities that depend on a particular implementation or environment. A score is generated for each group and a vector string represents
Common Vulnerability Scoring System
Common_Vulnerability_Scoring_System
Data structure
be used as an associative map structure with the ability for incremental string search. However, ternary search trees are more space efficient compared
Ternary_search_tree
Metric for machine translation output
METEOR (Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit ORdering) is a metric for the evaluation of machine translation output. The metric is based
METEOR
Mathematical description of spacetime used in relativity
Minkowski metric η is the metric tensor of Minkowski spacetime. It is a pseudo-Euclidean metric, or more generally, a constant pseudo-Riemannian metric in Cartesian
Minkowski_spacetime
This page is a glossary of terms in string theory, including related areas such as supergravity, supersymmetry, and high energy physics. Contents: Conventions
Glossary_of_string_theory
Maximally symmetric Lorentzian manifold with a positive cosmological constant
curvature. It is analogue of an n-sphere, with a Lorentzian metric in place of the Riemannian metric of the latter. The main application of de Sitter space
De_Sitter_space
phonetic algorithm for indexing names by sound, as pronounced in English String metrics: computes a similarity or dissimilarity (distance) score between two
List_of_algorithms
Tensor field in Riemannian geometry
manifold (i.e., it is a tensor field). It is a local invariant of Riemannian metrics that measures the failure of the second covariant derivatives to commute
Riemann_curvature_tensor
Type of metric in Riemannian geometry
geometry, a Kähler–Einstein metric on a complex manifold is a Riemannian metric that is both a Kähler metric and an Einstein metric. A manifold is said to
Kähler–Einstein_metric
Metric for evaluating open-ended text generation
MAUVE is a metric for automatically evaluating the quality of open-ended text generation and other generative models. Developed by researchers at the University
MAUVE_(metric)
Type of vector space in math
space is a real or complex inner product space that is also a complete metric space with respect to the distance function induced by the inner product
Hilbert_space
Special product of manifolds
geometries are the key building block of Randall–Sundrum models in string theory. Metric tensor Exact solutions in general relativity Poincaré half-plane
Warped_product
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
their x- and y-coordinates. This metric is often called the Manhattan distance or city-block metric. In the maximum metric, the distance between two points
Travelling_salesman_problem
Deterministic finite automaton accepting set of all suffixes of particular string
given string which allows the storage, processing, and retrieval of compressed information about all its substrings. The suffix automaton of a string S {\displaystyle
Suffix_automaton
Tree data structure for metric spaces
Burkhard-Keller tree) is a metric tree suggested by Walter Austin Burkhard and Robert M. Keller[1] specifically adapted to discrete metric spaces. For simplicity
BK-tree
or pedals are to be used, whether a string instrument should be bowed or plucked, or whether the bow of a string instrument should move up or down). A
List_of_musical_symbols
Concept of universality in physical science
from first principles what form they should take. Since the form of the metric determines the result of calculations, a theory with background independence
Background_independence
discretized Euclidean metric and rectilinear metric. The problem is known to be NP-hard with the (non-discretized) Euclidean metric. Closest string Longest common
List_of_NP-complete_problems
Compact astronomical body
charged black holes are described by the Reissner–Nordström metric, while the Kerr metric describes a non-charged rotating black hole. The most general
Black_hole
Proposed theories of gravity
\eta _{\mu \nu }\;} is the Minkowski metric. g μ ν {\displaystyle g_{\mu \nu }\;} is a tensor, usually the metric tensor. These have signature (−,+,+,+)
Alternatives to general relativity
Alternatives_to_general_relativity
Hypothetical topological feature of spacetime
the Schwarzschild wormhole, which would be present in the Schwarzschild metric describing an eternal black hole, but it was found that it would collapse
Wormhole
2D conformal field theory used in string theory
the string tension, g μ ν {\displaystyle g_{\mu \nu }} is the metric of the target manifold, h a b {\displaystyle h_{ab}} is the worldsheet metric, h a
Polyakov_action
\theta )} equipped with a special kind of Riemannian metric g {\displaystyle g} , called a Sasakian metric. They are studied as a natural odd-dimensional counterpart
Sasakian_manifold
String quartet composed by Ruth Crawford Seeger
Ruth Crawford Seeger's String Quartet (1931) is "regarded as one of the finest modernist works of the genre". It was funded by the Guggenheim Foundation
String Quartet 1931 (Crawford Seeger)
String_Quartet_1931_(Crawford_Seeger)
Breakdown of conformal symmetry at the quantum level
conformal theory with arbitrary background metric has an action that is invariant under rescalings of the background metric and other matter fields, called Weyl
Conformal_anomaly
Aspect of music
recurring patterns and accents such as downbeats and beats. Unlike rhythm, metric onsets are not necessarily sounded, but are nevertheless implied by the
Metre_(music)
Electrical string musical instrument
the seven-string guitar, which typically adds a low B string below the low E; the eight-string guitar, which typically adds a low E or F# string below the
Electric_guitar
Riemannian manifold which satisfies vacuum Einstein equations
proportional to the metric. They are named after Albert Einstein because this condition is equivalent to saying that the metric is a solution of the
Einstein_manifold
Musical artist
past year". Kobakov went on to score string arrangements for other prominent Canadian indie artists including Metric, Emily Haines, k-os, Sarah Slean, Lindy
Todor_Kobakov
Measure of distance in physical space
computer science, the length of a string is the number of characters that comprise the string. For example, the bit string 10010100001 {\displaystyle {\texttt
Length
General Relativity, dynamic variables of metric-affine gravitation theory are both a pseudo-Riemannian metric and a general linear connection on a world
Metric-affine gravitation theory
Metric-affine_gravitation_theory
Set of mathematical concepts in quantum gravity
gravity uses the term "quantum geometry" in a slightly different fashion. String theory uses quantum geometry to describe exotic phenomena such as T-duality
Quantum_geometry
Quantum analog of probabilistic automata
distance metric given by the Fubini–Study metric. To recap, the quantum probability of a language being accepted can be interpreted as a metric, with the
Quantum_finite_automaton
Theory in theoretical physics
In theoretical physics, topological string theory is a version of string theory. Topological string theory appeared in papers by theoretical physicists
Topological_string_theory
Amount of matter present in an object
Non-SI-units that continue to be widely used include: the tonne (t) (or "metric ton"), equal to 1000 kg the dalton (Da) or unified atomic mass (u), equal
Mass
Flexible ruler used to measure size or distance
used when taking internal measures. The tape has three scales: the normal metric, the internal scale and a diameter scale used for instance to measure sheet
Tape_measure
Alphanumeric code specifying tire sizes and limits
the Motor Vehicle Tire Safety Regulations SOR 95-148. The metric tire code consists of a string of letters and numbers describing the dimensions of the
Tire_code
Description of gravity using discrete values
obstacle is that for quantum field theory in curved spacetime with a fixed metric, bosonic/fermionic operator fields supercommute for spacelike separated
Quantum_gravity
Theories in particle physics and cosmology
refers to several theories in particle physics and cosmology related to string theory, superstring theory and M-theory. The central idea is that the visible
Brane_cosmology
Type of mathematical fractal space
In mathematical analysis and metric geometry, Laakso spaces are a class of metric spaces which are fractal, in the sense that they have non-integer Hausdorff
Laakso_space
Condition in which spacetime itself breaks down
the cone. The metric can be finite everywhere the coordinate system is used. An example of such a conical singularity is a cosmic string and the central
Gravitational_singularity
Concept in mathematics and theoretical physics
space is important in string theory. Certain types of K3 surfaces can be approximated as a combination of several Eguchi–Hanson metrics since both have the
Eguchi–Hanson_space
Manifold with Riemannian, complex and symplectic structure
connections such as Hermitian Yang–Mills connections, or special metrics such as Kähler–Einstein metrics. Every smooth complex projective variety is a Kähler manifold
Kähler_manifold
Ten-dimensional supergravity
IIA string theory is given by type IIA supergravity. The fields correspond to the different massless excitations of the string, with the metric, 2-form
Type_IIA_supergravity
Tensor in general relativity
case of Killing tensors. Another simple example of a Killing tensor is the metric tensor itself. A linear combination of Killing tensors is a Killing tensor
Killing_tensor
Branch of mathematics
Euclidean spaces, and, more generally, metric spaces are examples of topological spaces, as any distance or metric defines a topology. The deformations
Topology
Theories of higher-dimensional general relativity
type, meaning that it must admit a metric of positive scalar curvature. Higher-dimensional gravity appears in string theory and M-theory as a central element
Higher-dimensional Einstein gravity
Higher-dimensional_Einstein_gravity
Web browser developed by Google
No clientID Unique identifier along with user preferences, logs of use metrics, and crashes Unknown Yes Yes Omnibox predictions Text typed into the address
Google_Chrome
Quantum description of black holes
are advanced as the ultimate building blocks of matter and light. Under string theory, strings are bundles of energy vibrating in complex ways in both
Fuzzball_(string_theory)
Attraction of masses and energy
1800s that surfaces in any number of dimensions could be characterized by a metric, a distance measurement along the shortest path between two points that
Gravity
Algorithm for evaluating the quality of machine-translated text
first metrics to claim a high correlation with human judgements of quality,[2][3] and remains one of the most popular automated and inexpensive metrics. Scores
BLEU
General-purpose programming language
exponentiation. Python uses the + operator for string concatenation. The language uses the * operator for duplicating a string a specified number of times. The @
Python_(programming_language)
Computer language processing metric
error rate (WER) is a common metric of the performance of a speech recognition or machine translation system. The WER metric typically ranges from 0 to
Word_error_rate
Philosophical argument against general covariance
noticed that if the equations of gravity are generally covariant, then the metric cannot be determined uniquely by its sources as a function of the coordinates
Hole_argument
Tool from special relativity
erroneously argued that metric (2b, now called Kottler–Møller metric) is incorrect, which was rebutted by Bollert (1922). Metric (2h) was rediscovered by
Rindler_coordinates
2000 contemporary piece for concert band written by Eric Whitacre
in 2000. It has since had other arrangements written for full orchestra, string orchestra with percussion, brass ensemble, brass band, and mallet quartet
October_(Whitacre)
STRING METRIC
STRING METRIC
Female
English
English name derived from the season name, "spring," (Mar. 21 thru Jun. 21), derived from the verb spring, "to burst forth," from Proto-Indo-European *sprengh-, SPRING means "rapid movement."Â
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Strong; Caring
Female
English
English variant spelling of Latin Serena, SERINA means "serene, tranquil."
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Strong
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of strings or bow strings, from Middle English streng ‘string’, ‘cord’.
Surname or Lastname
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : from Middle High German hærinc ‘herring’, German Hering, a nickname for someone supposedly resembling a herring or a metonymic occupational name for a fish seller. In some cases the Jewish surname is ornamental.English : variant spelling of Herring.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Serena, SARINA means "serene, tranquil."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Oxfordshire and West Sussex named Goring, from Old English GÄringas ‘people of GÄra’, a short form of the various compound names with the first element gÄr ‘spear’.German (Göring) : see Goering.
Boy/Male
British, English
Spike of Grain
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Bengali, British, Christian, English, Indian
Springtime; Spring Season; Rapid Movement
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps be a nickname from Middle English daring ‘trembling’, ‘crouching or transfixed with fear’.
Boy/Male
Assamese, Indian
Sining
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Powerful
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker of string or bow strings, from an agent derivative of Middle English streng ‘string’. In Yorkshire, where it is still particularly common, Redmonds argues that the surname may have been connected with iron working, a stringer having operated some form of specialist hearth.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. Early examples, as for example William Spring (Yorkshire 1280), all point to a personal name or nickname, perhaps going back to an Old English byname derived from the verb springan ‘to jump or leap’ (see Springer 1). Alternatively, it could be a topographic name from Middle English spring ‘young wood’, ‘spring’. Compare Springer. Reaney derives the surname from the word denoting the season, although the word is not attested in this sense until the 16th century, the usual Middle English word being lenten. Compare Lenz. The surname has also been established in Ireland (County Kerry) for several centuries.German : from Middle High German sprinc, Middle Low German sprink ‘spring’, ‘well’, hence a topographic name for someone who lived by a spring or well, or habitational name from Springe near Hannover.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Springer.John Spring emigrated from England and settled in Watertown, MA, in 1634.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Spring.
Girl/Female
Indian
Lively, Entertainer, From a stream or a Spring, The Spring season, The Spring season
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English strong, strang ‘strong’, generally a nickname for a strong man but perhaps sometimes applied ironically to a weakling.French : translation of Trahand, a metonymic occupational name for a silkworker who drew out the thread from the cocoons (see Trahan).Translation of Ashkenazic Jewish Stark.
Female
Romanian
Feminine form of Romanian Sorin, SORINA means "sun."
STRING METRIC
STRING METRIC
Girl/Female
Tamil
True beauty and kindness. a lover of good. genuine and caring
Boy/Male
Arabic
Servant of the provider.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Naradha Maharshi
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian, Traditional
A Good Guest
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
The Holy Trinity
Boy/Male
Hindu
War horn, Lightning, Brilliant
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Conferring Fame; Lord Krishna's Mother
Biblical
exclusion; separation
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pupil of the eye
STRING METRIC
STRING METRIC
STRING METRIC
STRING METRIC
STRING METRIC
superl.
Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible; impetuous; as, a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; a strong tide.
v. t.
To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string beans. See String, n., 9.
a.
Strong.
superl.
Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan; a strong Whig or Tory.
superl.
Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat.
imp.
of String
n.
A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged; a succession; a concatenation; a chain; as, a string of shells or beads; a string of dried apples; a string of houses; a string of arguments.
superl.
Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee.
superl.
Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.
superl.
Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language.
v. t.
To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin.
p. p.
of String
n.
A small cord, a line, a twine, or a slender strip of leather, or other substance, used for binding together, fastening, or tying things; a cord, larger than a thread and smaller than a rope; as, a shoe string; a bonnet string; a silken string.
superl.
Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as, a strong custom; a strong belief.
v. t.
To put on a string; to file; as, to string beads.
superl.
Having great military or naval force; powerful; as, a strong army or fleet; a nation strong at sea.
a.
Consisting of strings, or small threads; fibrous; filamentous; as, a stringy root.
superl.
Having passive physical power; having ability to bear or endure; firm; hale; sound; robust; as, a strong constitution; strong health.