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The state postulate is a term used in thermodynamics that defines the given number of properties to a thermodynamic system in a state of equilibrium.
State_postulate
Geometric axiom
In geometry, the parallel postulate is the fifth postulate in Euclid's Elements and a distinctive axiom in Euclidean geometry. It states that, in two-dimensional
Parallel_postulate
Statement that is taken to be true
An axiom, postulate, or assumption, is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments
Axiom
Mathematical model of the physical space
intuitively appealing axioms (postulates) and deducing many other propositions (theorems) from these. One of those is the parallel postulate which relates to parallel
Euclidean_geometry
Hypothesis in physical organic chemistry
structure of the transition state in an organic chemical reaction. First proposed by George Hammond in 1955, the postulate states that: If two states,
Hammond's_postulate
Four criteria showing a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease
Koch's postulates (/kɒx/ KOKH) are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease. The postulates were formulated
Koch's_postulates
Result on density of prime numbers
also commonly written as ln(x) or loge(x). In number theory, Bertrand's postulate is the theorem that for any integer n>3, there exists at least one prime
Bertrand's_postulate
Calculation rule in quantum mechanics
The Born rule is a postulate of quantum mechanics that gives the probability that a measurement of a quantum system will yield a given result. In one
Born_rule
Mathematical structures that allow quantum mechanics to be explained
evolution postulate can be stated as: Postulate III The time evolution of a closed system is described by a unitary transformation on the initial state. |ψ(t)⟩=U(t;t0)|ψ(t0)⟩
Mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics
Mathematical_formulation_of_quantum_mechanics
Function describing equilibrium states of a system
holds for higher-dimensional spaces, as described by the state postulate. Generally, a state space is defined by an equation of the form F(P,V,T,…)=0
State_function
German philosopher (1788–1860)
evident in his criticism of contemporaneous attempts to prove the parallel postulate in Euclidean geometry. Writing shortly before the discovery of hyperbolic
Arthur_Schopenhauer
Theory of aging
they assume the different roles required by the disengaged state. Postulate 7: This postulate contains two main concepts. (a) Readiness for disengagement
Disengagement_theory
American chemist (1921–2005)
developed "Hammond's postulate", and fathered organic photochemistry,–the general theory of the geometric structure of the transition state in an organic chemical
George_S._Hammond
Configuration of a chemical reaction when potential energy is greatest
Thus, the Hammond–Leffler postulate predicts a late transition state for an endothermic reaction and an early transition state for an exothermic reaction
Transition_state
Ownership or control of an economy by a government
sophisticated account of the class basis of the state and the real linkages between governments and elites. It postulated a monolithic structure of domination which
State_capitalism
Axioms for the natural numbers
(/piˈɑːnoʊ/; [peˈaːno]), also known as the Dedekind–Peano axioms or the Peano postulates, are axioms for the natural numbers presented by the 19th-century Italian
Peano_axioms
Concept in physics
this bridging hypothesis had been stated as a third postulate, it could have been claimed that the third postulate (and therefore the theory) were falsified
Postulates of special relativity
Postulates_of_special_relativity
Equation in thermodynamics
independent but related, making it a mathematical statement of the state postulate. When pressure and temperature are variable, only I − 1 {\displaystyle
Gibbs–Duhem_equation
Law of physics
in a state with the minimum possible energy. Entropy is related to the number of accessible microstates, and there is typically one unique state (called
Third_law_of_thermodynamics
Process by which a quantum system takes on a definitive state
results, the theory postulates a "collapse" or "reduction of the state vector" upon observation, abruptly converting an arbitrary state into a single component
Wave_function_collapse
Hypothetical charge of an atom if all its bonds to different atoms were fully ionic
chemistry uses postulates: the oxidation state for an element in a chemical formula is calculated from the overall charge and postulated oxidation states
Oxidation_state
Modern formulation of Euclid's parallel postulate
axiom is an axiom that can be used instead of the fifth postulate of Euclid (the parallel postulate): In a plane, given a line and a point not on it, at
Playfair's_axiom
Quantifiable conditions of a thermodynamic system at a specific time
structure that can be summarized by a formal scheme of definitions and postulates. Thermodynamic states are amongst the fundamental or primitive objects
Thermodynamic_state
Class of theories in quantum mechanics
to being deterministic, superdeterministic models also postulate correlations between the state that is measured and the measurement setting. Bell's theorem
Superdeterminism
Efficiency leads to increased demand
increase (rather than decrease) energy consumption the Khazzoom–Brookes postulate, and argued that the hypothesis is broadly supported by neoclassical growth
Jevons_paradox
Process of changing beliefs to take into account a new piece of information
postulates for contraction has been longly discussed: the recovery postulate: K = ( K − P ) + P {\displaystyle K=(K-P)+P} According to this postulate
Belief_revision
Mathematical entity to describe the probability of each possible measurement on a system
where |α| and |β| are the absolute values of α and β. The postulates of quantum mechanics state that pure states, at a given time t, correspond to vectors
Quantum_state
also been criticized for creating a de facto pure two-party system (as postulated in Duverger's law) that suppresses voices that do not hold views consistent
Elections in the United States
Elections_in_the_United_States
Principle in neuroscience
terminals of a neurone…" Some modern writers have understood the principle to state that neurons release one and only one transmitter at all of their synapses
Dale's_principle
Morgan are revealed to have been teleported to the end of the credits, postulating that they missed the movie. Theatrical prints also include the message
List of films with post-credits scenes (2010s)
List_of_films_with_post-credits_scenes_(2010s)
Natural number
In Giuseppe Peano's original formulation of the Peano axioms, a set of postulates to define the natural numbers in a precise and logical way, 1 was treated
1
Physics of many interacting particles
found in many textbooks is to take the equal a priori probability postulate. This postulate states that For an isolated system with an exactly known energy
Statistical_mechanics
Two geometries based on axioms closely related to those specifying Euclidean geometry
nature of parallel lines. Euclid's fifth postulate, the parallel postulate, is equivalent to Playfair's postulate, which states that, within a two-dimensional
Non-Euclidean_geometry
Study of geometries as axiomatic systems
Ruler Postulate, the Ruler Placement Postulate, the Plane Separation Postulate, the Angle Addition Postulate, the Side angle side (SAS) Postulate, the
Foundations_of_geometry
Mental health condition
exaltation and weakness 'hypo-asthenias.' In his seminal textbook, Kraepelin postulated that most mood episodes were mixed in manic-depressive illness (bipolar
Mixed_affective_state
American science fiction TV series
available production talent and the financial incentives offered by the state: "I love shooting in New Mexico...But also, frankly, as a business person
Pluribus_(TV_series)
Quantum states that are not entangled
states with two degrees of freedom, referred to as bipartite states. By a postulate of quantum mechanics these can be described as vectors in the tensor product
Separable_state
Mathematical treatise by Euclid
geometry's postulates, as the first and third postulates stating the existence of a line and circle are constructive. Instead of stating that lines and
Euclid's_Elements
Electors of the U.S. president and vice president
government powers), would countervail against factions. Madison further postulated in the Federalist No. 10 that the greater the population and expanse of
United States Electoral College
United_States_Electoral_College
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
correlation-inducing interaction, between observer and object, without using a collapse postulate, and models observers as ordinary quantum-mechanical systems. This stands
Many-worlds_interpretation
Mexican writer and poet
born on Thursday, 18 August 1853 in the Hacienda de Tamariz, Amecameca, State of Mexico. She died on 1 November 1928 due to complications related to diabetes
Laura_Mendez
Principle of quantum mechanics
principle. The theory of quantum mechanics postulates that a wave equation completely describes the state of a quantum system at all times. Furthermore
Quantum_superposition
Philosophical position
within our best scientific psychological theory. If some mental state which is postulated by folk psychology (e.g. hysteria) is determined not to have any
Functionalism (philosophy of mind)
Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind)
Continent
expanded with their knowledge. Other etymological hypotheses have been postulated: 1st-century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus (Ant. 1.15) asserted that
Africa
Branch of physics which studies the behavior of materials modeled as continuous media
material Configurational mechanics Curvilinear coordinates Equation of state Finite deformation tensors Finite strain theory Hyperelastic material Knudsen
Continuum_mechanics
Property of geometry, also used to generalize the notion of "distance" in metric spaces
triangle ABC is constructed with equal sides AB = AC. From the triangle postulate, the angles in the right triangle ADC satisfy: α+γ=π/2 . Likewise, in
Triangle_inequality
Country in North America
international organizations and forums. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of Canada, the name is now accepted as coming
Canada
Global conflict from 1939 to 1945
Eberhardt, Piotr (2015). "The Oder-Neisse Line as Poland's western border: As postulated and made a reality". Geographia Polonica. 88 (1): 77–105. doi:10.7163/GPol
World_War_II
Political theory that examines coalitions, political survival and economy in democracy
with leadership, including (among others) private corporations and non-state actors. The theory is known for its use of continuous variables to classify
Selectorate_theory
Head of the Catholic Church since 2025
Leo's pectoral cross was one he wore during the conclave, a gift from the Postulator General of the Augustinian Order when he became a cardinal, containing
Pope_Leo_XIV
Neurological signs and symptoms
Dacosta-Aguayo R, DeLuca J, Genova HM (August 2020). "Neural mechanisms underlying state mental fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study". Journal of Neurology
Signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis
Signs_and_symptoms_of_multiple_sclerosis
Unconstitutional American political concept
writings of the Founding Fathers. The historical case begins with the postulate that the Union is older than the states. It quotes the reference in the
Secession in the United States
Secession_in_the_United_States
Theory or model concerning the origin of the universe
[citation needed] While inflation has been successful in developing an initial state for Big Bang models, it does not by itself describe the origin of the universe
Cosmogony
Theory of interwoven space and time by Albert Einstein
light constancy, or the principle of light speed invariance. The first postulate was first formulated by Galileo Galilei (see Galilean invariance). In
Special_relativity
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
the chemical periodicity is repeated. In a 1919 paper, Irving Langmuir postulated the existence of "cells" which we now call orbitals, which could each
Periodic_table
Russian novelist and philosopher (1821–1881)
theory of "the polyphonic novel and Dostoevsky's dialogicness of narration postulates the non-existence of the "final" word, which is why the thoughts, emotions
Fyodor_Dostoevsky
Acronym in chemistry
rationalization of changes in transition state structure to perturbations, such as change of reaction solvent. Hammond–Leffler postulate Jencks, WP (1985). "A Primer
Bema_Hapothle
Political party in Poland
economic competitiveness, and nuclear energy", and that one of the party's postulates is the construction of the Satellite Operations Center (Polish: Centrum
Civic_Coalition_(party)
Heavy floods of the last ice age
Ancestors to the Missoula Floods. Unpublished Masters thesis, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. 174 pp. Spencer, P. K., and M. A. Jaffee (2002)
Missoula_floods
Form of song
indicate the musical gesture and proper pronunciation of the text. Scholars postulate that this practice may have been derived from cheironomic hand-gestures
Gregorian_chant
Pay and benefits for upper management
tolerated as gadflies, but "expected to step down". Authors Bebchuk and Fried postulate that the "agency" problem or "agency cost", of executives power over directors
Executive compensation in the United States
Executive_compensation_in_the_United_States
Ancient Egyptian religious festivities
reversed by saying “misfortune has befallen the enemy of Osiris”. By postulating that speech and writing had within them a magical power, the Egyptians
Mysteries_of_Osiris
Description of a quantum-mechanical system
characterization of an isolated physical system. The equation was postulated by Schrödinger based on a postulate of Louis de Broglie that all matter has an associated
Schrödinger_equation
American politician (1933–2006)
- Response". www.glapn.org. Retrieved August 14, 2023. "FILM REVIEW; Postulating a Dark Side to a Bush Operative's Work (Published 2004)". August 27,
Ann_Richards
American scientist (1930–1982)
the wave function collapse postulate of quantum measurement theory, incorporating the observer in the same quantum state as the observation result. The
Hugh_Everett_III
Ancient sculptures in Sardinia (Italy)
of the shields geometrical patterns to those of some bronzetti, led to postulate the presence of one or more statues of warriors. Warriors differs from
Giants_of_Mont'e_Prama
Season of television series
Johnny Galecki and Sara Gilbert both selected the episode "The Hamburger Postulate" as a Primetime Emmy Award submission for Outstanding Lead Actor in a
The_Big_Bang_Theory_season_1
Line intersecting 2 coplanar lines at 2 points
satisfy Menelaus' theorem. Euclid's formulation of the parallel postulate may be stated in terms of a transversal. Specifically, if the interior angles
Transversal_(geometry)
1968 book by Gilles Deleuze
(1) the postulate of the principle, or the Cogitatio natural universalis (good will of the thinker and good nature of thought); (2) the postulate of the
Difference_and_Repetition
Third planet from the Sun
Because much of the heat is provided by radioactive decay, scientists postulate that early in Earth's history, before isotopes with short half-lives were
Earth
Unidentified serial killer in London in 1888
but died from apparently natural causes on 31 March. Millwood was later postulated to be the Ripper's first victim, although this attack cannot be definitively
Jack_the_Ripper
Serbian-American engineer and inventor (1856–1943)
August 1917 edition of the magazine The Electrical Experimenter, Tesla postulated that electricity could be used to locate submarines by using the reflection
Nikola_Tesla
Great Lakes freighter sunk in Lake Superior
Fitzgerald and would have struck about the time she sank. This hypothesis postulates that the "three sisters" compounded the twin problems of Edmund Fitzgerald's
SS_Edmund_Fitzgerald
Country in South America
Happiness Report. The origin of the word "Paraguay" is uncertain. One version postulates that the name is from the Guaraní language paraguá ("feather crown") and
Paraguay
English playwright and poet (1564–1616)
published a short story in The Strand Magazine, "Proofs of Holy Writ", postulating that Shakespeare had helped to polish the prose of the King James Bible
William_Shakespeare
Former country during Warring States period of China
state of Zhongshan came some time after this. Some theories postulate that this new state was a continuation of the earlier Xianyu, and others saying
Zhongshan_(state)
Semiconductor light source
Emerging flat-panel display technology Perovskite light-emitting diode – Postulated lighting technology Shuji Nakamura – Japanese–American electrical engineer
Light-emitting_diode
natural order; the priority of group interests over private property; the postulation of the innate goodness of man; the reverence of customs as a reflection
Conservatism_in_China
Branch of mathematics
in the 19th century, it appeared that geometries without the parallel postulate (non-Euclidean geometries) can be developed without introducing any contradiction
Geometry
Condition when water is both anoxic and sulfidic
suggest that perhaps euxinia was not as widespread as Canfield initially postulated. Bottom waters may have been more widely suboxic than anoxic, and there
Euxinia
Psychology topic
positives and solutions. In now discredited work, Fredrickson and Losada postulated in 2005 that the ratio of positive to negative affect, known as the critical
Well-being contributing factors
Well-being_contributing_factors
Theoretical framework in psychology
Capacitation-method, objective/ized activity acts as the core causal principle which postulates that, in order to change the mind-set of (large groups of) individuals
Cultural-historical activity theory
Cultural-historical_activity_theory
Marxist theory
sophisticated account of the class basis of the state, and the real linkages between governments and elites. It postulated a monolithic structure of domination which
State_monopoly_capitalism
Prehistoric site in Louisiana, US
was used for a settlement or only for periodic events. Archaeologists postulate that houses were constructed on top of the concentric ridges. Postholes
Poverty_Point
American television series (2018–present)
claims, calling the results of the investigation "heartbreaking" and postulated that the producers had lied to cover up the truth of what happened. The
The_Rookie
Volcano in Romania
volcano was published just eight years later. While a publication in 1964 postulated that the tuffs of Ciomadul were reworked Pliocene volcanites, the late
Ciomadul
state, but he did not have a timetable for a referendum, did not commit to advising one take place during his time as prime minister, and postulated that
Monarchy_of_Australia
First printed editions of a manuscript
Dialectic: The Becoming 'Germanic' of Visigothic (Legal-)Literature, and (Postulating) the End of a 'Truth'". In Friedrich, Matthias; Harland, James M. (eds
List of editiones principes in Latin
List_of_editiones_principes_in_Latin
Professor Thomas J. J. Altizer (professor 1956–1968) – liberal theologian who postulated in the early 1960s the "death of God" Merle Black – Asa Griggs Candler
List of faculty and alumni of Emory University
List_of_faculty_and_alumni_of_Emory_University
Ancient Greek mathematician (fl. 300 BC)
assumed more than just what he stated in the postulates". See Heath 1908, pp. 195–201 for a detailed overview of postulates 1 through 4 Since antiquity,
Euclid
Lithuanian Roman Catholic priest and activist
work in Esperanto about the Fermat's Last Theorem and Euclid's fifth postulate. In 1926, he published an article Kas yra tiesioji linija? (What is the
Adomas_Jakštas
Extinct romance language of Navarre
efforts were perceived to alleviate this perspective, so bleak, of the state of knowledge of the Navarrese Romance with the doctoral thesis of Ricardo
Navarrese_Romance
Biological process
chromosome. The role of the DCC in this form of dosage compensation was postulated by Barbara J. Meyer in the 1980s, and its individual components and their
Sex-chromosome dosage compensation
Sex-chromosome_dosage_compensation
perspective to score points on the absurdity of hell and similar numinous postulates. 'One of the wonderful things about being God is you can say such nonsense
List_of_atheist_authors
Requirement that quantum states' time evolution operators are unitary transformations
represented by a unitary operator. This is typically taken as an axiom or basic postulate of quantum mechanics, while generalizations of or departures from unitarity
Unitarity
Theorem in optics that explains light propagation in a medium
ISBN 9780521896979. Fox, J.G. (1962), "Experimental Evidence for the Second Postulate of Special Relativity", American Journal of Physics, 30 (1): 297–300,
Ewald–Oseen extinction theorem
Ewald–Oseen_extinction_theorem
Document of human rights by the United Nations
to the culture from which they derive so that any attempt to formulate postulates that grow out of the beliefs or moral codes of one culture must to that
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights
Type of society and economic system
communist society or the communist system is the socioeconomic system postulated to emerge out of capitalism and through the development of technological
Communist_society
Agrarian socialist movement in Poland
dissent, but with a higher class consciousness". Speaking of the economic postulates he wrote for AGROunia, Zygmuntowski emphasized anti-eviction actions and
AGROunia
Full immersion in an activity
the experience of flow is similar whatever the activity. Flow theory postulates that three conditions must be met to achieve flow: The activity must have
Flow_(psychology)
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance