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Small Payload Quick Return (SPQR) is a NASA Ames Research Center concept to return small payloads from orbit. The system uses an Exo-Brake, a parachute-like
Small_Payload_Quick_Return
Topics referred to by the same term
connectivity and planar embeddings Small Payload Quick Return, a NASA Ames program for "de-orbiting" small payloads Quiruvilca Airport (ICAO code), a defunct
SPQR_(disambiguation)
and one total loss of the spacecraft. In addition, one rocket and its payload were destroyed on the launch pad during the fueling process before a static
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2010–2019)
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2010–2019)
Space technology development program
developed for use as part of the Small Payload Quick Return (SPQR) concept, which would enable science materials to be returned to Earth from the International
TechEdSat
the year, which was subsequently missed by two launches. The company's payload delivery capacity also rose, with more than 1,498 tonnes (3,303,000 lb)
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2024)
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2024)
Retrieved 17 November 2024. "Unknown Payload | Gravity 1". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 19 July 2026. "Unknown Payload | Long March 3B/E". nextspaceflight
List of spaceflight launches in July–September 2026
List_of_spaceflight_launches_in_July–September_2026
Reusable superheavy-lift general-purpose launch vehicle
would be the first fully reusable orbital rocket and have the highest payload capacity of any launch vehicle to date. As of July 24, 2026, Starship has
SpaceX_Starship
2018 Japanese resupply spaceflight to the ISS
in the microgravity environment of the ISS deteriorate easily, thus a quick return to the surface is desired. For the demonstration flight, samples including
Kounotori_7
Two-stage small satellite launch rocket
of payload to a 200 km low Earth orbit, or up to 745 kg payload to a 500 km Sun-synchronous orbit, suitable for CubeSats and other small payloads. Primary
Firefly_Alpha
Proposed Mars sample return mission
NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return was a proposed Flagship-class Mars sample return (MSR) mission to collect Martian rock and soil samples in 43 small, cylindrical,
NASA-ESA_Mars_Sample_Return
NASA cancelled spaceplane project
engines or large payload bay. By removing large payload-carrying requirements from personnel-delivery missions, the PLS would be a small, compact vehicle
HL-20_Personnel_Launch_System
Rocket used to carry a spacecraft into space
propellants. Launch vehicles are classified by their orbital payload capacity, ranging from small-, medium-, heavy- to super-heavy lift. Following the end
Launch_vehicle
Space vehicle proposal
not recovered. After fairing separation, the Third Stage and Payload fly to orbit. Payload separation is as required for the mission. Third Stage deorbits
Austral_Launch_Vehicle
Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon's surface
from Earth to the vicinity of the Moon and return, initiating the final lap of the Space Race with its payload of tortoises, insects, plants, and bacteria
Moon_landing
Partially-reusable medium-lift launch vehicle by SpaceX
carries the second stage and payload to a predetermined speed and altitude, after which the second stage accelerates the payload to its target orbit. The
Falcon_9
parachute tests for asteroid sample return mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 19 September 2023. "Long March 4B - Unknown Payload". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved
List of spaceflight launches in April–June 2025
List_of_spaceflight_launches_in_April–June_2025
Expendable launch system by SpaceX
orbit on its fourth attempt in September 2008 with a mass simulator as a payload. On July 14, 2009, Falcon 1 made its second successful flight, delivering
Falcon_1
Class of Chinese rockets
is to maximize payload, while for strategic missiles increased throw weight is much less important than the ability to launch quickly and to survive a
Long_March_(rocket_family)
Pakistani lunar nanosatellite
sensing nanosatellite and one of the four international payloads of the Chang'e 6 lunar sample-return mission. It was a joint venture between the Institute
ICUBE-Q
Unmanned aerial vehicle small enough to be man-portable
unique feature of this system. Its unique modular design allows for quick-connect payloads of different types and its arms and legs are changeable in the field
Miniature_UAV
Family of Low Earth orbit communications satellites
launch on the smaller Falcon 1 launch vehicle. The first (Orbcomm OG2-1) of these satellites was launched on 8 October 2012 as secondary payload on a SpaceX
Orbcomm_(satellite)
Falcon 9 became the first rocket to land propulsively after delivering a payload into orbit. This reusability results in significantly reduced launch costs
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches
Experimental spaceplane/booster (2013–2020)
second stage and payload to high altitude and deploy them into space. The booster would then return to Earth, where it could be quickly prepared for the
XS-1_(spacecraft)
Japanese solid-fuel rocket designed to launch scientific satellites
return capsule demonstrated "that Japan's ballistic missile capability is credible". At a technical level the M-V design could be weaponised quickly (as
M-V
2014 video game
escorting the payload, the faster the payload goes, and when the amount of robots of both teams escorting the payload is the same, the payload will not move
War_Robots
Sports car launched into space in 2018
Musk's Tesla Roadster is an electric sports car that served as the dummy payload for the February 2018 Falcon Heavy test flight and became an artificial
Elon_Musk's_Tesla_Roadster
Discontinued US research program on the viability of nuclear pulse propulsion
that as much as 45% of the gross vehicle in Earth orbit could have been payload. Shipps, P. R.; et al. (July 4, 2005) [September 19, 1964]. "Nuclear Pulse
Project Orion (nuclear propulsion)
Project_Orion_(nuclear_propulsion)
Family of Chinese "quick-reaction" orbital launch vehicles
11 on 7 December 2022 marked the rocket's return to service. The solid-fuel KZ-1A can place 200 kg payload into a Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude
Kuaizhou
2025 lunar landing mission
Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program, in which NASA is securing the service of commercial partners to quickly land science and technology payloads on the
Blue_Ghost_Mission_1
NASA astronaut propulsion unit
captured the two satellites and brought them into the Orbiter payload bay for stowage and return to Earth. The investigation after the Space Shuttle Challenger
Manned_Maneuvering_Unit
Proposed system for launching objects into orbit
quite quickly decay and re-enter, but in addition to such orbits, a launch loop by itself would also be capable of directly injecting payloads into escape
Launch_loop
Historic Apollo Moonport
with small-class vehicles (maximum thrust up to 200,000 lbf or 890 kN): Processing facilities – i.e. Vehicle Assembly Building Vehicle/payload transportation
Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39
Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39
2011 Japanese resupply spaceflight to the ISS
included the Kobairo (Gradient Heating Furnace) rack and a Multipurpose Small Payload Rack (MSPR). The Gradient Heating Furnace is a high-temperature electrical
Kounotori_2
followed by a single-engine static fire, and a return to MB2 for final pre-flight modifications. Payload integration occurred on January 7. Ship 33 rolled
List_of_Starship_vehicles
Spaceplane component of the Space Shuttle
astronauts and payloads into low Earth orbit, perform in-space operations, then re-enter the atmosphere and land as a glider, returning its crew and any
Space_Shuttle_orbiter
Class of US nuclear ballistic missile submarines
equivalent of what is typically deployed in a surface battle group. Other payload possibilities include new generations of supersonic and hypersonic cruise
Ohio-class_submarine
Second version of the SpaceX medium-lift launch vehicle
2016 at the Wayback Machine: "Small: 0-2t payloads, Medium: 2-20t payloads, Heavy: 20-50t payloads, Super Heavy: >50t payloads" Graham, William (18 April
Falcon_9_v1.1
Class of Indian partially reusable launch vehicles under development by ISRO
technology development initiatives. It is expected that thirty tons of payload will be transported using rockets. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
Next Generation Launch Vehicle
Next_Generation_Launch_Vehicle
"Firefly opens first Alpha rocket launch to academic and educational payloads". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 26
List of Firefly Alpha launches
List_of_Firefly_Alpha_launches
U.S. military vehicle of WWII ("Jeep")
tactical trucks, was that the War Department limited procurement to just five payload chassis types (categories), from 1⁄2‑ton to 7+1⁄2‑ton—but only "models
Willys_MB
Soviet lunar module intended to be used in the Soviet lunar landing attempts
planned activity while on the lunar surface remain vague, the small size and limited payload capacity of the N-1/Soyuz LOK/LK compared to the Saturn/Apollo
LK_(spacecraft)
Category of space launch vehicle
to 44,000 lb) by Russian classification of payload into low Earth orbit (LEO). An MLV is between a small-lift launch vehicle and a heavy-lift launch
Medium-lift_launch_vehicle
Space Shuttle orbiter (1981–2003)
flights of Spacelab laboratories, all four United States Microgravity Payload missions, and the only flight of Spacehab's Research Double Module. Columbia
Space_Shuttle_Columbia
Partially-reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle by Blue Origin
configuration, both using seven-meter (23 ft) diameter stages. With a payload capacity of 45 tons to low Earth orbit, it is the most powerful reusable
New_Glenn
Third version of the SpaceX medium-lift launch vehicle
previously flown first-stage boosters were reused to launch new payloads into orbit. This quickly became routine, in 2018 and in 2019 more than half of all
Falcon_9_Full_Thrust
1983 Space Shuttle Challenger mission
of the shuttle's payload bay, and was boosted into a Geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) by a Payload Assist Module (PAM-D), a small solid rocket upper
STS-8
2024 lunar landing mission
February 22 the lander tipped to an unplanned 30 degree angle. All instrument payloads remained functional and the mission was deemed a success, though the data
IM-1
Chinese industrial drone
battery with a 1 kg (2.2 lb) payload, though this can be increased to 40 minutes with two 5700 mAh TB48D batteries without payload. The drone features a quadcopter
DJI_Matrice
Motor vehicle
poor return for the effort that Citroën committed to the project. Nevertheless, when normal life began to return after the war Citroën were quick off the
Citroën_TUB
Lunar lander developed by Intuitive Machines
class of lunar landers designed by Intuitive Machines (IM) to deliver small payloads to the lunar surface. It is the first spacecraft to use methalox propulsion
Intuitive_Machines_Nova-C
US-Canada ballistics research project famous for its extremely large gun
a 0.9 kg payload to an altitude of 65 km, which consisted of radar reflective chaff to collect wind data and small radiosondes that returned radio telemetry
Project_HARP
kilogram plus payload to 500 km SSO Ceres-1 small-lift solid-fueled launch vehicle from private firm (relatively high launch cadence) Ceres-2 small-lift solid-fueled
Chinese_space_program
American strategic bomber
000 kg) payload. The B-1 was first envisioned in the 1960s as a bomber that would combine the Mach 2 speed of the B-58 Hustler with the range and payload of
Rockwell_B-1_Lancer
Aircraft launch from a mother ship
missile, parasite aircraft or other aircraft payload from a mother ship or launch aircraft. The payload craft or missile is often tucked under the wing
Air_launch
2025 lunar landing mission
mission operated by Intuitive Machines as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program. The Nova-C lander, named Athena, reached the surface
IM-2
Chinese lunar sample-return mission
Andrew (20 December 2022). "China picks 4 international payloads for historic sample-return mission to moon's far side". Space.com. Archived from the
Chang'e_6
NASA launch facility in Florida
square feet (1,825.3 m2) building used for Orion spacecraft and payload processing. The Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility (PHSF) contains a 70-by-110-foot
Kennedy_Space_Center
Orbital transfer maneuver
to Mars Sample Return (SR). In the late 1980s, the Aeroassist Flight Experiment (AFE) was conceived to use a Shuttle-launched payload to demonstrate aerocapture
Aerocapture
Astrobotic Technology to deliver small payloads to the surface of the Moon. NASA has awarded three Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) task orders to
Astrobotic_Peregrine
Lunar landing mission by Japanese ispace
lander was intended to deliver a small rover manufactured by the company's European subsidiary, as well as other payloads. Like Hakuto-R Mission 1, this
Hakuto-R_Mission_2
Planned semiconductor fabrication plant
kW "AI Sat Mini". He said that the global chip industry cannot expand quickly enough to meet the demand that Tesla will have for "edge inference compute"
Terafab
Chinese lunar communications satellite
lunar surface. In order to be able to accommodate the satellite in the payload fairing of the launch vehicle, the segments of the reflector are folded
Queqiao-2
Soviet super heavy-lift launch vehicle (1965–1972)
rendezvous method. The rocket had three stages, carrying the L3 lunar payload into low Earth orbit with two cosmonauts. The L3 contained the Block G
N1_(rocket)
One of the largest rocket engines to be designed
Moon required a massive 125,000 lb (57,000 kg) payload to LEO. Nova designs of this capability were quickly presented with up to eight F-1 engines, along
Aerojet_M-1
American unmanned aerial vehicle
the aircraft is the Israeli Aircraft Industries POP300 Plug-in Optical Payload which consists of a forward-looking infrared camera, a daytime TV camera
AAI_RQ-7_Shadow
ESA re-entry vehicle prototype
kg of payload for launch, operation, and return to Earth. The Space Rider mini shuttle will have a length of between 4 and 5 meters, a payload capacity
Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle
Intermediate_eXperimental_Vehicle
Airspace violation and shootdown incident
wreckage returned, but the U.S. said it had no plans to do so. By February 13, the U.S. had recovered a significant portion of the balloon's payload, including
2023_Chinese_balloon_incident
Helicopter which is built or converted for use by military forces
outside military ports and harbours; their endurance and payload providing advantages over smaller helicopters. Soviet maritime helicopters, operating from
Military_helicopter
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
Saturn C-8 or Nova launch vehicle to carry a 163,000-pound (74,000 kg) payload to the Moon. Earth Orbit Rendezvous (EOR): Multiple rocket launches (up
Apollo_program
British sounding rocket family
scientific payloads being carried by Skylarks were becoming increasingly complex and ambitious. During 1999, Marconi sold the programme to a small private
Skylark_(rocket)
2022 uncrewed Moon-orbiting NASA mission
I Orion spacecraft began fueling and pre-launch servicing in the Multi-Payload Processing Facility on January 16, 2021, following a handover to NASA Exploration
Artemis_I
Soviet dog, first animal to orbit Earth (c. 1954–1957)
caused by a failure of the central R‑7 sustainer to separate from the payload: this affected the thermal control mechanisms, which then caused the cabin
Laika
2025 Chinese crewed spaceflight
researcher at the China Academy of Space Technology, and Zhang Hongzhang, a payload specialist from the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics. Wu, aged 32 at
Shenzhou_21
Passage of an object through the gases of an atmosphere from outer space
Mars-return missions, benefits from maximizing "the drag area of the entry system. The larger the diameter of the aeroshell, the bigger the payload can
Atmospheric_entry
Lunar lander variant of SpaceX Starship
stated that with a tanker payload mass of 150 tons, four to eight tanker flights would be necessary, depending on the payload mass on Starship HLS itself
Starship_HLS
Failed late 2014 cargo mission to the ISS
other satellites. On board GOMX-2 were two payloads. One payload was a pathfinder experiment for the Small Photon-Entangling Quantum System. designed
Cygnus_Orb-3
forty percent and effectively enabled roughly one extra flight's worth of payload for every three services operated. August – (Latin America) Pan American
1940s_in_air_cargo
American social networking service
named twttr, it was renamed Twitter some months later. The platform grew quickly; by 2012 more than 100 million users produced 340 million daily tweets
X_(social_network)
Country primarily in North America
Commercial Crew Program, Commercial Resupply Services, Commercial Lunar Payload Services, and NextSTEP have facilitated growing private-sector involvement
United_States
Wide body airliners developed from the DC-10
(28 t) payload. With the Phase 1 drag reduction package implemented, the aircraft could only achieve this range with a 48,500-pound (22 t) payload, or a
McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11
NASA Space Shuttle design candidate
reusable launch vehicle two-stage-to-orbit spaceplane design with a small payload capacity of about 12,000 lb (5,400 kg) and limited maneuverability.
North_American_DC-3
Concepts for launch into space
They can be designed (in theory) to pick up the payload when the payload is stationary or when the payload is hypersonic (has a high but not orbital velocity)
Non-rocket_spacelaunch
European orbiter mission to Mars (2003–present)
commissioning of the spacecraft and payload (final commissioning of payload took place after Mars Orbit Insertion). The payload was checked out one instrument
Mars_Express
Effort by SpaceX to make rockets that can fly multiple times
after return. While development of reusable second stages for Falcon 9 was later abandoned in favor of Starship, SpaceX developed reusable payload fairings
SpaceX reusable launch system development program
SpaceX_reusable_launch_system_development_program
European technology demonstration CubeSat
the university developed and delivered most of the payloads for GENA-OT. One of the other payloads is SpaceRadMon, an instrument for monitoring effects
GENA-OT
Transport helicopter series by Sikorsky
tons). They are also preceded by the earlier Mil Mi-6, which despite a smaller payload capacity of about 12 tonnes (13 short tons) had a maximum takeoff weight
Sikorsky CH-53E Super Stallion
Sikorsky_CH-53E_Super_Stallion
American heavy military transport aircraft
equipped with a gross weight of 550,000 pounds (249,000 kg), a maximum payload of 180,000 lb (81,600 kg), and a speed of Mach 0.75 (500 mph or 805 km/h)
Lockheed_C-5_Galaxy
Aircraft which use stealth technology to avoid detection
stealth payload (reduced RCS bombs and cruise missiles) is not yet generally available, and ordnance mounting points create a significant radar return, stealth
Stealth_aircraft
Reusable first-stage rocket developed by SpaceX
a single booster quick disconnect, along with multiple quick disconnects for the outer engines, while Block 3 boosters have two quick disconnects. One
SpaceX_Super_Heavy
Series of Argentinean commercial Earth observation satellites
51 payloads, booster return to LZ". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 15 April 2023. Lentz, Danny (12 June 2023). "SpaceX Transporter-8 launches 72 payloads marking
ÑuSat
Lunar exploration concept
would be empty and hold payloads which could be deployed on the surface. They would be capable of delivering 11 tons of payloads. They would be designed
International Lunar Resources Exploration Concept
International_Lunar_Resources_Exploration_Concept
Launches made by ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle family of rockets
liquid propellant stage incorporation of a video imaging system to capture payload and DLA separation events altitude based day of launch wind-biased steering
List_of_PSLV_launches
11-17". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 2 October 2025. "Gravity 1 | Unknown Payload". Next Spaceflight. Retrieved 1 October 2025. "Long March 2D | Shiyan-31"
List of spaceflight launches in October–December 2025
List_of_spaceflight_launches_in_October–December_2025
2025 Japanese resupply spaceflight to the ISS
HTV-X1 is planned to last three months, and involves the following payloads: H-SSOD, a small satellite deployer that will release the CubeSat Ten-Koh 2 at
HTV-X1
US program to develop a hypersonic weapon
two major components: a small launch vehicle for carrying payloads to orbit or launching the hypersonic weapons platform payload, and the hypersonic vehicle
DARPA_Falcon_Project
Uncrewed cargo spacecraft developed by JAXA
the only vehicle capable of transporting large International Standard Payload Racks (ISPR) and disposing of old ones within the ISS's US Orbital Segment
H-II_Transfer_Vehicle
launch and payload data buses, the multi-function electronic display system (MEDS), solid-state mass memory (SSMM) units, flight critical and payload
List of NASA's flight control positions
List_of_NASA's_flight_control_positions
CIA reconnaissance program
vehicle. It would be about the size of a large bird and carry various payloads, including photographic equipment, nuclear sensors, and ELINT recorders
Project_AQUILINE
Joint NASA-ISRO synthetic radar aperture spacecraft
subsystem for scientific data GPS receivers, a solid-state recorder, and a payload data subsystem. ISRO provided the satellite bus, an S-band synthetic aperture
NISAR_(satellite)
WW II series of Dodge light 4WD trucks
practically non-existent in anything below 11⁄2-ton payload vehicles. Light-duty off-roaders were a very small niche-market, only filled by after-market conversions
Dodge_WC_series
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